Tratamiento quirúrgico de la fractura desplazada del cuello femoral del anciano

La fractura de cuello femoral desplazada es una lesión cada vez más frecuente, que todavía se trata de manera imperfecta y que se asocia con una morbimortalidad significativa. Pese a ello, existe controversia con respecto al tratamiento de este tipo de fracturas. Hoy en día el tratamiento conservador tiene unas indicaciones muy limitadas reservándose únicamente para pacientes terminales o con contraindicación quirúrgica. La gran controversia gira en torno al tipo de tratamiento quirúrgico; fijación (tornillos canulados versus tornillo placa deslizante) ó sustitución (Artroplastia total versus Hemiartroplastia bipolar/unipolar) y el empleo o no de cemento. El objetivo del tratamiento es escoger el procedimiento más adecuado que posibilite el mayor grado de función con la menor tasa de complicaciones. Para los pacientes más jóvenes (60 años) más activos, reservándose la hemiartroplastia para aquéllos más longevos y que le vayan a exigir menos (menor actividad) a la prótesis. Se necesitan más estudios con altos niveles de evidencia científica que aporten conclusiones más unificadas que permitan establecer guías clínicas de actuación y disminuya así la variabilidad para el tratamiento de este tipo de fracturas. El establecer un único procedimiento común y efectivo mejoraría la curva de aprendizaje quirúrgica y disminuiría la tasa de complicaciones posteriores

Biomechanical behavior of dynamic vs. static distal locking intramedullary nails in subtrochanteric femur fractures

Objective: Hip fractures are one of the most frequent fractures presenting to the emergency department and orthopedic trauma teams. The aim of this study was to determine the best indication and therapeutic technique for subtrochanteric fractures and unifying criteria when choosing the most suitable type of nail. Materials and methods: To analyze the influence of the material and the type of distal locking of intramedullary nails (static or dynamic), a femur model with a fracture in the subtrochanteric region stabilized with a long Gamma intramedullary nail was applied using finite element method (FEM) simulation. Results: The mechanical study shows that titanium nails allow for greater micromobility at the fracture site, which could act as a stimulus for the formation of callus and consolidation of the fracture. In the mechanical study, the type of distal locking mainly affects mobility at the fracture site and stress in the cortical bone around the distal screws, without in any case exceeding values that may compromise the viability of the assembly or that may result in detrimental effects (in terms of mobility at the fracture site) for the consolidation process. Conclusion: Subtrochanteric fractures treated with titanium nail and static distal locking is safe and does not hinder consolidation

Real-time detection of riboflavin production by Lactobacillus plantarum strains and tracking of their gastrointestinal survival and functionality in vitro and in vivo using mCherry labeling

Some strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) produce riboflavin, a water-soluble vitamin of the B complex, essential for human beings. Here, we have evaluated riboflavin (B2 vitamin) production by five Lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from chicha, a traditional maize-based fermented alcoholic beverage from north-western Argentina and their isogenic riboflavin-overproducing derivatives previously selected using roseoflavin. A direct fluorescence spectroscopic detection method to quantify riboflavin production in bacterial culture supernatants has been tested. Comparison of the efficiency for riboflavin fluorescence quantification with and without prior HPLC fractionation showed that the developed method is a rapid and easy test for selection of B2 vitamin-producing strains. In addition, it can be used for quantitative detection of the vitamin production in real time during bacterial growth. On the basis of this and previous analyses, the L. plantarum M5MA1-B2 riboflavin overproducer was selected for in vitro and in vivo studies after being fluorescently labeled by transfer of the pRCR12 plasmid, which encodes the mCherry protein. The labeling did not affect negatively the growth, the riboflavin production nor the adhesion of the strain to Caco-2 cells. Thus, L. plantarum M5MA1-B2[pRCR12] was evaluated for its survival under digestive tract stresses in the presence of microbiota in the dynamic multistage BFBL gut model and in a murine model. After exposure to both models, M5MA1-B2[pRCR12] could be recovered and detected by the pink color of the colonies. The results indicated a satisfactory resistance of the strain to gastric and intestinal stress conditions but a low colonization capability observed both in vitro and in vivo. Overall, L. plantarum M5MA1-B2 could be proposed as a probiotic strain for the development of functional foods.Fil: Mohedano, Mari Luz. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas; EspañaFil: Hernández Recio, Sara. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas; EspañaFil: Yépez, Alba. Universidad de Valencia; EspañaFil: Requena, Teresa. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación; EspañaFil: Martínez Cuesta, M. Carmen. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación; EspañaFil: Peláez, Carmen. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación; EspañaFil: Russo, Pasquale. Università di Foggia; ItaliaFil: Leblanc, Jean Guy Joseph. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Spano, Giuseppe. Università di Foggia; ItaliaFil: Aznar, Rosa. Universidad de Valencia; España. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos; EspañaFil: López, Paloma. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas; Españ

Un proyecto audiovisual sobre el equilibrio químico para el máster en formación del profesorado de educación secundaria

La implantación del Máster en Formación del Profesorado de Educación Secundaria y Bachillerato, Formación Profesional y Enseñanza de Idiomas (MFPS) está suponiendo la participación de profesorado de diferentes áreas de conocimiento procedentes de distintas facultades. Desde el punto de vista de las didáctica de la química es una gran oportunidad para acercar los resultados de la investigación a otros ámbitos disciplinares de la química y posibilitar su puesta en práctica. Con esta intención, en la UCM, se ha llevado a cabo un proyecto audiovisual, sobre una propuesta didáctica para el equilibrio químico, como estrategia didáctica para la formación inicial de futuros profesores de secundaria de Física y Química

Association of the 3467C>T mutation (T1156M) in the von Willebrands factor gene with dominant type 1 von Willebrands disease

[EN] Type I is the most frequent form of von Willebrand's disease, which is characterized by a quantitative partial deficiency of von Willebrand's factor. At present, only two mutations located in the D3 domain (C1149R, C1130F) have been reported to cause the classic type I variant. The 3467C>T transition that predicts the T1156M amino acid change was detected in seven patients from one family and was not found in 110 normal alleles screened. This is a candidate mutation to cause dominant type I variant with complete penetrance. On the other hand, neither of the two mutations mentioned above has been detected in the other 15 families studied with type I or possible type 1 patients.This work was supported in part by grant #99/0633 (FIS, Spain). We wish to thank R. Curats and J.M. Montoro for their technical assistance and Mr. Peter Blair for his linguistic advice.Casaña-Gargallo, MP.; Francisco Martínez; Saturnino Haya; Espinós-Armero, CÁ.; José Antonio Aznar (2001). Association of the 3467C>T mutation (T1156M) in the von Willebrands factor gene with dominant type 1 von Willebrands disease. Annals of Hematology. 80(7):381-383. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277010030738138380

Evaluación del modelo cronourbanista de la “Ciudad de los 15 minutos” en Zaragoza.

Desde mediados del siglo anterior, el proceso de urbanización ha crecido considerablemente en todo el mundo. El desarrollo de muchas ciudades se ha guiado bajo las líneas del urbanismo del petróleo, aquel que ha creado urbes para el vehículo rodado, olvidando al principal sujeto que la habita, el humano. La actual crisis climática y sanitaria a la que se enfrenta este siglo XXI pone en entredicho el sistema urbano prestablecido. Por ello, al igual que en otras épocas en las que se han diseñado nuevas ideas de planificación urbana, en la actualidad existen programas internaciones como los ODS o la Nueva Agenda Urbana con los que se fijan metas e iniciativas para alcanzarlas.En este contexto, nace en París el concepto de “Ciudad de 15 minutos”, postulada como modelo urbano con el que resolver las problemáticas económicas, ambientales y sociales de nuestro tiempo. El presente trabajo estudia la situación de Zaragoza respecto a este modelocronourbanista, analizando tres de sus principios fundamentales: la ciudad debe ser compacta al mismo tiempo que presenta una complejidad elevada y ser accesible haciendo uso de la movilidad activa; además de valorar iniciativas de participación ciudadana. La creación de un nuevo índice que asocia estos tres indicadores urbanos junto con la representación cartográfica de los resultados, permite identificar la distribución espacial de este modelo urbano en Zaragoza. Dando a conocer el hecho de que no se trata de una ciudad de 15 minutos en su totalidad, si bien presenta zonas donde sí que se aprecia este modelo. Por tanto, resulta necesario analizar nuestras ciudades para identificar las líneas de acción que debe seguir el urbanismo táctico integral del futuro.<br /

Significant linkage and non-linkage of type 1 von Willebrand Disease to the von Willebrand factor gene

[EN] Significant linkage of types 2A and 2B von Willebrand disease (VWD) to the von Willebrand factor (VWF) gene have been reported, as well as mutations in the VWF gene. However, data for the partial quantitative variant are less consistent. An inconsistency of association between the type 1 VWD phenotype and genotype has been reported recently. We undertook linkage analysis of 12 families with definite or possible type 1 VWD patients. One family with classic type 1 VWD had a high lod score (Z = 5.28, theta = 0.00). A total lod score of 10.68 was obtained for the four families with fully penetrant disease. In two families linkage was rejected, while three families did not show conclusive evidence of linkage. This study corroborates ABO blood group influence, especially in patients with mild deficiencies and/or incomplete penetrance, Indirect genetic analysis may be an option for diagnosing asymptomatic or presymptomatic type 1 VWD carriers, particularly in families showing higher penetrance. The study indicates defects of the VWF locus are to be expected in more than half of the families studied. However, as defects at different loci may be the cause of this phenotype, the results of the segregation analyses should be interpreted with caution, especially in studies involving small families, or mild expressions of the disorder or incomplete penetrance.This work was partly supported by F1S grant # 99/0633 (Spain). We wish to thank J. M. Montoro for the multimeric structure analyses, R. Curats for his help in the segregation analyses, all the staff of the `Unidad de CoagulopatõÂas CongeÂnitas de la Comunidad 5alenciana' for their technical and clinical assistance, and Mr Peter Blair for the linguistic advice given in writing this paper.Casaña-Gargallo, MP.; Martínez, F.; Haya, S.; Espinós-Armero, CÁ.; Aznar, JA. (2001). Significant linkage and non-linkage of type 1 von Willebrand Disease to the von Willebrand factor gene. British Journal of Haematology. 115(3):692-700. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.03132.x692700115

Search for Mutations in a Segment of the Exon 28 of the Human Von Willebrand Factor Gene. New Mutations, R1315C and R1341W, Associated with Type 2M and 2B Variants

[EN] von Willebrand Disease (vWD) is the most frequently inherited bleeding disorder in humans, and is caused by a qualitative and/or quantitative abnormality of the von Willebrand factor (vWF), A large number of defects that cause qualitative variants have been located in the Al domain of the vWF, which contains sites for interaction with platelet glycoprotein Ib (GPIb). We have developed a new approach to detect mutations based on Ddel digestion and single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. A segment of 487 nucleotides, extending from intron 27 to codon 1368 of the pre-pro vWF was amplified from genomic DNA, The cleavage with Ddel yields two fragments of appropriate size for this kind of analysis and confirms that the gene, rather than the pseudogene, is being investigated, Six families with type 2B vWD: one type 2M vWD family, and one another type 2A vWD family were studied. After sequencing the fragments with an altered electrophoretic pattern, we found four mutations previously described-R1308C, V1316M, P1337L, and R1306W-in patients with 2B vWD, The last one arose de novo in the patient. In addition, two new candidate mutations were observed: R1315C and R1341W. The first one was associated to type 2M vWD, whereas the one second cosegregated with type 2B vWD. The fact that these new mutations were not found in 100 normal alleles screened further supports their causal relationship with the disease, These mutations, which induce either a gain or a loss of function, further show an important regulatory role of this region in the binding of vWF to GPIb and its implications in causing disease.We wish to thank J.M. Montoro for performing multimeric assays and R. Curats for his technical assistance.Casaña, P.; Martínez, F.; Espinós-Armero, CÁ.; Haya, S.; Lorenzo, JI.; Aznar, JA. (1998). Search for Mutations in a Segment of the Exon 28 of the Human Von Willebrand Factor Gene. New Mutations, R1315C and R1341W, Associated with Type 2M and 2B Variants. American Journal of Hematology. 59(1):57-63. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-8652(199809)59:13.0.co;2-z576359

Q1311X: a novel nonsense mutation of putative ancient origin in the von Willebrand factor gene

[EN] Type 3 von Willebrand disease, a recessive autosomally inherited bleeding disorder, refers to complete deficiency of von Willebrand factor (VWF). The novel Q1311X mutation was detected in the homozygous state in four Spanish patients from two apparently unrelated families of gypsy origin. The lack of specific amplification of platelet VWF cDNA from two of the patients indicates reduced levels of mutated gene expression. The similar haplotype linked to mutated alleles suggests a common origin. On the basis of the two instabilities observed and the estimated mutation rate of the microsatellites of intron 40 of the VWF gene, we can estimate that this mutation could have arisen about 2300 years ago.We wish to thank J.M. Montoro and R. Curats for their technical assistance. This work was supported in part by F1S 99/0633.Casaña, P.; Martínez, F.; Haya, S.; Lorenzo, JI.; Espinós-Armero, CÁ.; Aznar, JA. (2000). Q1311X: a novel nonsense mutation of putative ancient origin in the von Willebrand factor gene. British Journal of Haematology. 111(2):552-555. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.02410.x552555111

Nanoparticle-cell-nanoparticle communication by stigmergy to enhance poly(I:C) induced apoptosis in cancer cells

[EN] Nanoparticle-cell-nanoparticle communication by stigmergy was demonstrated using two capped nanodevices. The first community of nanoparticles (i.e.S(RA)(IFN)) is loaded with 9-cis-retinoic acid and capped with interferon-gamma, whereas the second community of nanoparticles (i.e.S(sulf)(PIC)) is loaded with sulforhodamine B and capped with poly(I:C). The uptake ofS(RA)(IFN)by SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells enhanced the expression of TLR3 receptor facilitating the subsequent uptake ofS(sulf)(PIC)and cell killing.We thank the Spanish Government (projects RTI2018-100910-B-C41 and RTI2018-101599-B-C22 (MCUI/FEDER, EU)), Generalitat Valenciana (project PROMETEO2018/024) and CIBER-BBN (project NANOCOMMUNITY) for support. A. U. and C. G are grateful to the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport for her doctoral FPU grant.Ultimo, A.; De La Torre-Paredes, C.; Giménez, C.; Aznar, E.; Coll, C.; Marcos Martínez, MD.; Murguía, JR.... (2020). Nanoparticle-cell-nanoparticle communication by stigmergy to enhance poly(I:C) induced apoptosis in cancer cells. Chemical Communications. 56(53):7273-7276. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0cc02795bS727372765653Schaming, D., & Remita, H. (2015). Nanotechnology: from the ancient time to nowadays. Foundations of Chemistry, 17(3), 187-205. doi:10.1007/s10698-015-9235-yHauert, S., & Bhatia, S. N. (2014). Mechanisms of cooperation in cancer nanomedicine: towards systems nanotechnology. Trends in Biotechnology, 32(9), 448-455. doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2014.06.010Theraulaz, G., & Bonabeau, E. (1999). A Brief History of Stigmergy. Artificial Life, 5(2), 97-116. doi:10.1162/106454699568700Llopis-Lorente, A., Díez, P., Sánchez, A., Marcos, M. D., Sancenón, F., Martínez-Ruiz, P., … Martínez-Máñez, R. (2017). Interactive models of communication at the nanoscale using nanoparticles that talk to one another. Nature Communications, 8(1). doi:10.1038/ncomms15511Luis, B., Llopis‐Lorente, A., Rincón, P., Gadea, J., Sancenón, F., Aznar, E., … Martínez‐Máñez, R. (2019). An Interactive Model of Communication between Abiotic Nanodevices and Microorganisms. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 58(42), 14986-14990. doi:10.1002/anie.201908867De la Torre, C., Domínguez-Berrocal, L., Murguía, J. R., Marcos, M. D., Martínez-Máñez, R., Bravo, J., & Sancenón, F. (2018). ϵ -Polylysine-Capped Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as Carrier of the C 9h Peptide to Induce Apoptosis in Cancer Cells. Chemistry - A European Journal, 24(8), 1890-1897. doi:10.1002/chem.201704161García-Fernández, A., García-Laínez, G., Ferrándiz, M. L., Aznar, E., Sancenón, F., Alcaraz, M. J., … Orzáez, M. (2017). Targeting inflammasome by the inhibition of caspase-1 activity using capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles. 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Exploiting poly(I:C) to induce cancer cell apoptosis. Cancer Biology & Therapy, 18(10), 747-756. doi:10.1080/15384047.2017.1373220Ultimo, A., Giménez, C., Bartovsky, P., Aznar, E., Sancenón, F., Marcos, M. D., … Murguía, J. R. (2016). Targeting Innate Immunity with dsRNA-Conjugated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Promotes Antitumor Effects on Breast Cancer Cells. Chemistry - A European Journal, 22(5), 1582-1586. doi:10.1002/chem.201504629Bernardo, A. R., Cosgaya, J. M., Aranda, A., & Jiménez-Lara, A. M. (2013). Synergy between RA and TLR3 promotes type I IFN-dependent apoptosis through upregulation of TRAIL pathway in breast cancer cells. Cell Death & Disease, 4(1), e479-e479. doi:10.1038/cddis.2013.5Clarke, N., Jimenez-Lara, A. M., Voltz, E., & Gronemeyer, H. (2004). Tumor suppressor IRF-1 mediates retinoid and interferon anticancer signaling to death ligand TRAIL. The EMBO Journal, 23(15), 3051-3060. doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600302Kajita, A. i., Morizane, S., Takiguchi, T., Yamamoto, T., Yamada, M., & Iwatsuki, K. (2015). Interferon-Gamma Enhances TLR3 Expression and Anti-Viral Activity in Keratinocytes. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 135(8), 2005-2011. doi:10.1038/jid.2015.125Weihua, X., Kolla, V., & Kalvakolanu, D. V. (1997). Modulation of Interferon Action by Retinoids. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 272(15), 9742-9748. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.15.974