Evidence evaluation in craniofacial superimposition using likelihood ratios

Craniofacial Superimposition is a forensic identification technique that supports decision-making when skeletal remains are involved. It is based on the analysis of the overlapping of a post-mortem skull with antemortem facial photographs. Despite its importance and wide applicability, the process remains complex and challenging. To address this, computerized methods have been proposed, but subjectivity and qualitative reporting persist in decision-making. This study introduces an evidence evaluation system proposal based on Likelihood Ratios, previously used in other forensic fields, such as DNA, voice, fingerprint, and facial comparison. We present a novel application of this framework to Craniofacial Superimposition. Our work comprises three experiments in which our LR system is trained and tested under distinct conditions concerning facial images: the first utilizes frontal facial photographs; the second employs lateral facial photographs; and the last one integrates both frontal and lateral facial photographs. In the three experiments, the proposed LR system stands out in terms of calibration and discriminating power, providing practitioners with a quantitative tool for evidence evaluation and integration. However, the lack of massive actual data obliged us to focus our study on synthetic data only. Therefore, it should be considered a proof of concept. Nevertheless, the resulting likelihood-ratio system offers objective decision support in Craniofacial Superimposition. Further studies are required to validate in a real scenario the conclusions achieved.R&D project CONFIA (grant PID2021-122916NB-I00), funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033 and by ERDF/EU - ‘‘ERDF A way of making Europe’’Grant FORAGE (B-TIC-456-UGR20) funded by Consejería de Universidad, Investigación e Innovación and by ‘‘ERDF A way of making Europe’’Miss Martínez-Moreno is supported by grant PRE2022-102029 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the FSE+Dr. Valsecchi’s work is supported by Red.es under grant Skeleton-ID2.0 (2021/C005/00141299)Dr. Ibáñez’s work is funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities under grant RYC2020-029454-I and by Xunta de Galicia, Spain by grant ED431F 2022/21Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada / CBU

An indicator of political diversity for analyzing their influence in shaping the local action groups leader in Spain

Between 1987 and 2013 Spain has implemented programs of rural development through the LEADER methodology, all of them led and managed by Local Action Groups (LAG). The influence of municipal governments within these GAL is a subject discussed from the beginning but lacks specificity in terms of quantitative data. . This paper identifies two indicators to measure patterns representing municipal governments. From these different situations of interest include the influence of the balance of political parties in the initial constitution of the LAG and its evolution over time, and the power of internal political negotiation of a LAG that the majority political party is faced with are analyzed the other political parties of the same LAG

De vestir i d'estar per casa

Proposta d’Andrea Martínez Arroyo i Joan Miquel Porquer Rigo. Amb la col·laboració de Francesco Politano, Ona Roca Navarro, Genona Sales García, Anna Sebastià Lorente, Ainoa Suárez Bailén i Alex Vilà Canal. Activitat de cocreació artística realitzada el dijous 9 de desembre de 2021 a la Plaça del Rei de Barcelona, en el marc de les activitats d’Aprenentatge Servei de la Facultat de Belles Arts i del GIDC-ATESI de la Universitat de Barcelona, en el Festival Internacional d’Art Sostenible de Catalunya – Drap-Art’2

Analysis of Samples Cleaning Methods Prior to Hydrogen Content Determination in Steel

ABSTRACT: There are multiple references to sample cleaning methods prior to hydrogen content determination, or hydrogen spectroscopy analysis, but there is still no unified criteria; different authors use their own "know-how" to perform this task. The aim of this paper is to solve, or at least clarify, this issue. In this work, the most commonly used sample cleaning methods are compared. Then, five different methodologies are applied on certified hydrogen content calibration pins and on high strength steel concrete-prestressing strands and the three main situations regarding hydrogen content in the microstructural net (non-charged, charged, and charged and uncharged) are studied. It was concluded that the HCl solution C-3.5 cleaning method recommended by ASTM G1 introduces large amounts of hydrogen in the samples; but can be useful for eliminating superficial oxides if necessary. The rest of the methods had similar results; but the more complete ones that involve ultrasounds and last longer than 8 min are not appropriated when important diffusion may occur on the samples during their application. Simple methods that involve acetone or trichloroethylene and last around 1 min are preferable for almost all situations as these are faster, easier, and cheaper. As a final recommendation, as trichloroethylene is toxic, the simple acetone method is, in general, the most convenient one for regular hydrogen content analysis.This research was funded by the UNIVERSITY OF CANTABRIA by means of the “Proyectos Puente 2019” grant program. The APC was funded by papers reviews of the authors for MDPI

The inclusion of the gender perspective in oncology research with Spanish participation

The gender perspective is important for a better diagnosis and treatment of diseases, especially in the field of oncology. This study aimed to analyse the gender approach in scientific articles in the field of oncology by studying the gender composition of the authorship of papers and the gender inclusion in the research carried out. A bibliographic search of articles and reviews signed by at least one Spanish institution published between 2010 and 2019 was carried out using the Science Citation Index Expanded database in the Oncology category. A total of 7523 studies were classified according to the gender composition determined by the author’s name and a randomised sample was used to evaluate the inclusion of gender perspectives using a checklist. This study revealed a lack of gender parity in the authorship of oncology publications involving Spanish participation. Papers without author gender parity were eight times higher than papers with parity and showed a greater presence of male than female authorship (58 % versus 31 %). Regarding the introduction of the gender perspective, a negative response of 68 % referring to compliance with the entire checklist was obtained, and only a fifth of the articles presented gender balance in the study sample. Moreover, there is a positive correlation between gender parity in authorship and gender perspective integration in published research. In conclusion, there is a great need to advance the inclusion of gender perspectives in cancer research to overcome gender bias and promote better prevention, detection, and intervention for cancer.This work benefited from the assistance of the Spanish Ministry of Equality (MUJER-PI-41-2-ID22), the National R + D + I of the Ministry of Science and Innovation of the Spanish Government (PID2019-108579RB-I00), and the Valencian Regional Ministry of Innovation, Universities, Science, and Digital Society. Generalitat Valenciana (AICO/2020/010; CIAICO/2021/205); the 2015- Networks of Excellence Call (CSO2015-71867-REDT), and the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training (MS21-020)

Quina bata? D’aquell treball domèstic, d’aquelles dones. Una activitat artística comunitària de metodologies del descobrir

Proposta original d’Eulàlia Grau i Costa, Andrea Martínez Arroyo i Joan Miquel Porquer Rigo. Amb la col·laboració d’artistes novells del Grau en Belles Arts de la Universitat de Barcelona en el curs 22-23

Detalls de roba v/bella. Una activitat artística comunitària de metodologies del descobrir

Proposta original d’Eulàlia Grau i Costa, Andrea Martínez Arroyo i Joan Miquel Porquer Rigo. Amb la col·laboració de Marina Cavicchi, Mary Mccarroll i altres d’artistes novells del Grau en Belles Arts de la Universitat de Barcelona en el curs 22-23

Application of the incremental step loading technique to Small Punch Tests on S420 steel in acid environments

ABSTRACT: The Small Punch test has been recently used to estimate mechanical properties of steels in aggressive environments. This technique, very interesting when there is shortage of material, consists in using a small plane specimen and punch it until it fails. The type of tests normally used are under a constant load in an aggressive environment, with the target to determine the threshold stress. However, this is an inaccurate technique which takes time, as the tests are quite slow. In this paper, the Small Punch tests are combined with the step loading technique collected in the standard ASTM F1624 [1] to obtain the value of threshold stress of an S420 steel in a total time of approximately one week. The ASTM F1624 indicates how to apply constant load steps in hydrogen embrittlement environments, increasing them subsequently and adapting their duration until the specimen fails. The environment is created by means of cathodic polarization of cylindrical tensile specimens in an acid electrolyte. A batch of standard tests are performed to validate the methodology.The present work was performed in the University of Cantabria, through the post-doctoral contracts program (budgetary application 62.0000.64251), and supported by the Government of Cantabria and the University of Cantabria in the framework of “Proyectos Puente 2019” call

Identitats Truncades. Una activitat de metodologies del descobrir pel Dia Internacional per a l’eliminació de la violència envers les dones (25N)

Una activitat de metodologies del descobrir pel Dia Internacional per a l’eliminació de la violència envers les dones (25N

Development of a research and innovation network on Fluoride and dental Fluorosis in latin america: Desenvolvimento da rede de pesquisa e inovação em Flúor e Fluorose dentária na américa latina

Dental Fluorosis is a growing public health problem in many parts of the world. Dental Fluorosis in the world youngster population is increasing, as it is highlighted in the latest Latin American epidemiological report. There are few   studies on fluorosis and its prevalence in the region.  These are the basis for the creation of this international network, including Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay and Argentina. In these countries there has been a significant increase in Dental Fluorosis, with values between 50% and 60%. A central goal of this network is to understand the “production-consumption source”, environment and the monitoring of systemic fluoride exposure, key to promote the benefits of fluorides and minimize the risks of chronic overexposure, leading to fluorosis. The significant increase in fluorosis in the Latin American region led to the formation of this research network. Its aim is to create a network of research centers in Latin America based on the management of spaces for communication, exchange and generation of knowledge on the subject of fluorides and dental fluorosis, and to generate products that can be used as inputs for public policy in the national health systems of the countries