Página web del grupo bilingüe de la Facultad de Educación para la enseñanza de las ciencias: elaboración, explotación y juicio crítico de los estudiantes de cara a la internacionalización de la docencia

Elaboración de una página web con material didáctico de Ciencias para el grupo bilingüe de Educación, que además sirve para ofrecer información para estudiantes que pudieran estar interesados en formar parte del grupo, incluyendo estudiantes extranjeros

Investigación en Matemáticas, Economía, Ciencias Sociales y Agronomía

Cada trabajo del libro incluye conclusiones para los interesados en las temáticas aludidas y en ellos nos enteramos de aspectos como los siguientes: - El mayor incremento del precio de los insumos como el maíz, sorgo y en menor medida desperdicio de pan, en relación con el menor crecimiento del precio del ganado en pie, dará como consecuencia un desabasto de carne bovina. - El agua es un recurso primordial en las zonas áridas y semiáridas de México, en tanto que su aporte limita la producción de la agricultura. En este estudio se observó que el precio real del agua es muy bajo en relación a otras zonas agrícolas del mundo. - Hoy en día en el país se consumen alrededor de 718 mil barriles diarios de gasolinas, un aproximado de 113.7 millones de litros, una cantidad tan grande que nuestro país se ve en la necesidad de importar cerca del 39 % de las gasolinas que consumimos. - Los jaliscienses radicados en Estados Unidos tienen una mayor capacidad de financiamiento del bienestar en la entidad, que el propio gobierno de ese estado. - México continuará basando sus finanzas públicas y su política de desarrollo económico en la extracción de combustibles fósiles (petróleo). Este modelo acelerará el deterioro y agotamiento de los recursos naturales. -La importancia de la agricultura orgánica radica en que retoma los tres ámbitos de la sustentabilidad; el ámbito ambiental, el económico y el social. - Es fundamental motivar la organización de los productores de haba para que ellos puedan captar una mayor proporción de los altos márgenes de precios que los consumidores están dispuestos a pagar. - Las condiciones del clima afectan a la producción agraria. Debido al fenómeno de cambio climático, es necesario contar con herramientas informáticas que proporcionen información climatológica para poder tomar medidas preventivas a favor de una mayor cantidad y calidad de producción. La herramienta de software permite la consulta del clima por localidades evitando la necesidad de contar con una estación meteorológica

Cronobiología en anestesia epidural Obstétrica: Efecto de la noche sobre el índice de complicaciones

Introduction: Sleep deprivation effects in vigilance, performance and complications have been previously studied in general population and in medical tasks too. Results from these studies weren’t definitive. Aim: Our objective is to compare the number of complications during the epidural puncture itself, (haematic, paresthesias, accidental dural puncture and others) during the analgesia period (lateral, incomplete or imperfect analgesia, inefficacious, repuncture tax) and 24 hours after delivery, looking for late complications and to evaluate differences between day and night. We defined day from 9:00 to 21:59 h and night between 22:00 and 8:59h. Patients and methods: We performed a computered data-base analysis on regional blocks for labour analgesia in a level 4 universitary hospital with a 24 hours epidural analgesia unit during 2 months. Results: We have studied 1097 patients that resulted homogeneous in demographic and obstetric variables when we compared day versus night. The number of patients demanding analgesia didn’t show differences between day and night. We couldn’t find differences in the incidence of complications neither during the block performance nor in the incidence of incomplete, lateral analgesia or block failure. Conclusions: It looks that workload or sleep deprivation don’t have so much influence over the complications taxes in a 24 hours labour analgesia unit. It could be due to the interest and stress of the medical activity.Introducción: Los efectos del trabajo continuado y nocturno sobre la atención y la incidencia de complicaciones en desarrollo habitual de las labores del médico han sido previamente estudiados, aunque con resultados poco concluyentes. Objetivo: Comparar la incidencia de complicaciones, durante la punción, en el curso del bloqueo, como consecuencia de una analgesia incompleta y evaluar las diferencias que existen entre el día y la noche definiendo día como el periodo entre 9:00 y 21:59 h y noche: de 22:00 a 8:59 h. Material y métodos: Hemos realizado un estudio de los bloqueos recogidos en nuestra base de datos informatizada de pacientes a quienes se practicó algún bloqueo central para analgesia del parto realizados en un hospital universitario de grado 4, con atención durante las 24 horas, durante un periodo de 2 meses. Resultados: Se ha estudiado un total de 1097 pacientes, homogéneas en su distribución (variables demográficas y obstétricas), entre el día y la noche. El número de pacientes a las que se les practica un bloqueo analgésico para trabajo de parto no muestra diferencias entre el día y la noche. No hemos encontrado diferencias en la incidencia de complicaciones en la punción ni de analgesia incompleta, deficiente o necesidad de re-punción. Conclusiones: Parece que el cansancio o la falta de sueño no influyen en la incidencia de complicaciones en la analgesia para el trabajo de parto en una unidad de atención las 24 horas. Probablemente, los médicos se ven incentivados por la realización de una tarea interesante

Neuropatía periférica tras el parto: Implicaciones de la anestesia epidural

Postpartum neurological damage occurs in the obstetric practice with an incidence between 0.08-0.92%. Neurological damage secondary to epidural technique is about 2:10,000. In last years, epidural anesthesia has become a generalized practice in obstetrics. Because of it, sometimes, the postpartum neurological damage can be attributed to epidural analgesia, forgetting other mechanisms. We present a 21 years old patient, 139 cm height, who 24 hours after epidural labor analgesia suffered a "drop foot", whose evolution was toward a complete resolution. Drop foot can be consequence of peroneal nerve, sciatic or lumbar or radicular damage. Clinical evolution, and complementary studies, such as RNM or EMG are useful for differential diagnosis. It looks necessary to study peripartum pe-ripheric neuropathies to discard its possible relation to anesthetic technique. These lesions should be minimized by our side with adequate punction level choose, avoiding direct local anesthetic injection, especially when a paresthe-sias occurs, and with a correct risk factors evaluation in the obstetric patient. Once the lesion has occurred, it is important a close follow up until the complete resolution.La incidencia de lesiones neurológicas de miembros inferiores en la práctica obstétrica es del 0,08% y 0,92%. La incidencia de complicaciones neurológicas asociadas a la técnica epidural ha sido estimada en 2 casos de cada 10.000 epidurales. Durante los últimos años, con la generalización de la analgesia epidural para el trabajo de parto, es posible que algunas de las neuropatías sean atribuidas a esta técnica, olvidando que hay otros mecanismos de lesión en estas situaciones. Presentamos el caso de una paciente primigesta de 21 años de edad y 139 cm de altura sin antecedentes de interés, que 24 horas tras una epidural para parto y un expulsivo prolongado resuelto con fórceps, desarrolla un "pie caído", que evolucionó a la resolución funcional completa. El pie caído puede darse como consecuencia de una lesión del nervio peroneo, del ciático, o de una raíz del plexo lumbo-sacro. La clínica unida al uso de pruebas como la resonancia magnética (RNM) y el electromiograma (EMG), ayudan en el diagnóstico diferencial de la lesión. Parece necesario el estudio del las neuropatías relacionadas con el parto para descartar su relación con la técnica anestésica empleada. Con frecuencia, estas lesiones se deben a mecanismos ajenos a la analgesia-anestesia epidural, si bien debemos procurar minimizar su incidencia con la realización de punciones a niveles adecuados, evitando la inyección de anestésicos cuando existen parestesias, valorando los factores de riesgo en obstetricia y, una vez producida la lesión, con un seguimiento clínico estrecho

Current practice in the management of ocular toxoplasmosis

Background Ocular toxoplasmosis is common across all regions of the world. Understanding of the epidemiology and approach to diagnosis and treatment have evolved recently. In November 2020, an international group of uveitis-specialised ophthalmologists formed the International Ocular Toxoplasmosis Study Group to define current practice. Methods 192 Study Group members from 48 countries completed a 36-item survey on clinical features, use of investigations, indications for treatment, systemic and intravitreal treatment with antiparasitic drugs and corticosteroids, and approach to follow-up and preventive therapy. Results For 77.1% of members, unilateral retinochoroiditis adjacent to a pigmented scar accounted for over 60% of presentations, but diverse atypical presentations were also reported. Common complications included persistent vitreous opacities, epiretinal membrane, cataract, and ocular hypertension or glaucoma. Most members used clinical examination with (56.8%) or without (35.9%) serology to diagnose typical disease but relied on intraocular fluid testing-usually PCR-in atypical cases (68.8%). 66.1% of members treated all non-pregnant patients, while 33.9% treated selected patients. Oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was first-line therapy for 66.7% of members, and 60.9% had experience using intravitreal clindamycin. Corticosteroid drugs were administered systemically by 97.4%; 24.7% also injected corticosteroid intravitreally, almost always in combination with an antimicrobial drug (72.3%). The majority of members followed up all (60.4%) or selected (35.9%) patients after resolution of acute disease, and prophylaxis against recurrence with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was prescribed to selected patients by 69.8%. Conclusion Our report presents a current management approach for ocular toxoplasmosis, as practised by a large international group of uveitis-specialised ophthalmologists

Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care. We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit