Objetivos del proyecto ECOPHYN: Ecofisiología de la alimentación y la nutrición del pulpo común

Trabajo presentado en el XXV FOROACUI Foro de los recursos marinos y de la acuicultura de las rías gallegas, celebrado en Pontevedra (España) del 05 al 06 de junio de 2022.Los pulpos tienen un papel relevante en las cadenas tróficas de los ecosistemas marinos de todo el mundo, representando un recurso pesquero de gran importancia y una especie prometedora para la acuicultura. El pulpo común, Octopus vulgaris, es la especie de pulpo con mayor interés comercial en todo el mundo; sin embargo, la producción pesquera no será suficiente para cubrir la demanda del mercado en un futuro próximo. En este contexto, los esfuerzos se han dirigido a la producción sostenible de esta especie tanto desde la acuicultura como desde la pesca. En los últimos años se han producido avances relevantes en estos ámbitos, entre los que se encuentran las aportaciones de nuestros grupos de investigación, que han despejado el camino para una mejor comprensión de su papel en el medio natural, la pesca y la futura producción acuícola de esta especie. La alimentación y la nutrición son factores clave para entender los requisitos ecofisiológicos de los pulpos tanto en el campo como en condiciones de cultivo. De hecho, nuestros estudios previos identificaron un importante desconocimiento en su fisiología nutricional, lo que todavía dificulta su producción acuícola y la comprensión de su papel como depredador en los sistemas marinos. También hay que tener en cuenta que la mayor parte de los conocimientos sobre su fisiología y comportamiento se han obtenido básicamente de individuos subadultos y adultos y que existe mucha menos información sobre la fase de transición entre las paralarvas planctónicas y las fases bentónicas, la fase juvenil, en el medio natural y en condiciones de cultivo, debido a las dificultades para obtener estas primeras fases de vida en cantidades suficientes. El presente proyecto pretende abordar esta falta de conocimiento, estudiando la ecofisiología de la alimentación y la nutrición en O. vulgaris a lo largo de su desarrollo, con especial énfasis en estas fases tempranas antes mencionadas. Nuestra hipótesis general de trabajo propone que la mejora del conocimiento de la fisiología nutricional de esta especie tendrá un impacto significativo en la futura gestión y desarrollo de este recurso comercial. Más concretamente, nuestra propuesta pretende profundizar en la digestión, metabolismo y nutricion del pulpo mediante la caracterización de los ritmos endógenos, el proceso de digestión, las vías metabólicas, el microbioma, la firma isotópica y la microquímica, así como la identificación de biomarcadores vinculados a la respuesta inmune, la salud y el bienestar en tejidos seleccionados del pulpo. Esta investigación se llevará a cabo a lo largo del desarrollo del pulpo, utilizando diferentes enfoques y las técnicas más recientes, incluidas las herramientas "ómicas". La generación de este nuevo conocimiento sentará las bases para una mejora en la explotación racional de este recurso tanto a nivel de su acuicultura y bienestar animal como para el conocimiento del papel de la especie en su medio natural

Prevención secundaria tras un síndrome coronario agudo. Resultados a medio plazo de un programa de rehabilitación cardiaca

Introducción Los Programas de Rehabilitación Cardiaca han adquirido gran relevancia como herramienta para mejorar el pronóstico y la calidad de vida de pacientes que han presentado un síndrome coronario agudo. Objetivo Evaluar los resultados de un programa de rehabilitación cardiaca a medio plazo. Materiales y métodos Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de 121 pacientes que presentaron un síndrome coronario agudo y fueron incluidos en el programa de rehabilitación cardiaca. Se analizaron las características demográficas, antropométricas, analíticas y de capacidad funcional a la inclusión, tras finalizar el programa presencial y a los 12 meses. Resultados La edad media fue 54 ± 7 años. El factor de riesgo cardiovascular más prevalente fue el sobrepeso/obesidad (88, 4%). Tras la finalización del programa de rehabilitación cardiaca disminuyeron significativamente los valores de colesterol LDL (81, 1 ± 28, 7 vs. 76, 5 ± 31, 5 mg/dl; p 0, 03). Un porcentaje significativo de diabéticos alcanzaron objetivos de Hb A1c < 7% (50% vs. 68, 5%; p 0, 01). El perímetro abdominal mostró una disminución estadísticamente significativa (100, 8 ± 12, 8 vs. 99, 5 ± 12, 3 cm; p 0, 004). El 89, 3% de los pacientes mejoraron su capacidad funcional. En la revisión anual la mayoría de los parámetros estudiados mostraron una discreta tendencia negativa. Un 47, 36% de los fumadores a la inclusión mantenían el hábito tabáquico al año. Conclusiones Los programas de rehabilitación cardiaca mejoran el control de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular, cambios de estilo de vida y capacidad funcional en los pacientes que han sufrido un síndrome coronario agudo. Es preciso reforzar las estrategias de control para mantener estos beneficios a medio-largo plazo. Introduction: Cardiac rehabilitation programmes have become a very important tool for improving the prognosis and quality of life of patients that have suffered an acute coronary syndrome. Objective: To evaluate the medium-term results of a cardiac rehabilitation programme. Materials and methods: A descriptive study of 121 patients that presented with an acute coronary syndrome and were included in a cardiac rehabilitation programme. An analysis was performed on the demographic and anthropometric characteristics, as well as laboratory tests and functional capacity on inclusion, after finishing the programme, and at 12 months. Results: The mean age of the patients was 54 ± 7 years. The most prevalent cardiovascular risk factor was overweight / obesity (88.4%). After finishing the cardiac rehabilitation programmes, the LDL Cholesterol values significantly decreased (81.1 ± 28.7 vs. 76.5 ± 31.5 mg/dl; P =.03). A significant percentage of diabetics reached objectives of an Hb A1c < 7% (50% vs. 68.5%; P =.01). The abdominal circumference showed a statistically significant decrease (100.8 ± 12.8 vs. 99.5 ± 12.3 cm; P =.004). An improvement in functional capacity was observed in 89.3% of the patients. In the annual review, the majority of the parameters studied showed a slight negative trend. Just under half (47.36%) of smokers at inclusion maintained the tobacco habit at one year. Conclusions: Cardiac rehabilitation programmes improve the control of cardiovascular risk factors, changes in life style and functional capacity in patients that had suffered an acute coronary syndrome. Control strategies need to be enforced in order to maintain these benefits in the medium-long term

iTRAQ-Based Analysis of Progerin Expression Reveals Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation and Altered Proteostasis

[Abstract] Introduction. Nuclear accumulation of a mutant form of the nuclear protein Lamin-A, called Progerin (PG) or Lamin AΔ50, occurs in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) or Progeria, an accelerated aging disease. One of the main symptoms of this genetic disorder is a loss of sub-cutaneous fat due to a dramatic lipodystrophy. Methods. We stably induced the expression of human PG and GFP -Green Fluorescent Protein- as control in 3T3L1 cells using a lentiviral system to study the effect of PG expression in the differentiation capacity of this cell line, one of the most used adipogenic models. Quantitative proteomics (iTRAQ) was done to study the effect of the PG accumulation. Several of the modulated proteins were validated by immunoblotting and real-time PCR. Mitochondrial function was analyzed by measurement of a) the mitochondrial basal activity, b) the superoxide anion production and c) the individual efficiency of the different complex of the respiratory chain. Results. We found that over-expression PG by lentiviral gene delivery leads to a decrease in the proliferation rate and to defects in adipogenic capacity when compared to the control. Quantitative proteomics analysis showed 181 proteins significantly (p < 0.05) modulated in PG-expressing preadipocytes. Mitochondrial function is impaired in PG-expressing cells. Specifically, we have detected an increase in the activity of the complex I and an overproduction of Superoxide anion. Incubation with Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) scavenger agents drives to a decrease in autophagic proteolysis as revealed by LC3-II/LC3-I ratio. Conclusion. PG expression in 3T3L1 cells promotes changes in several Biological Processes, including structure of cytoskeleton, lipid metabolism, calcium regulation, translation, protein folding and energy generation by the mitochondria. Our data strengthen the contribution of ROS accumulation to the premature aging phenotype and establish a link between mitochondrial dysfunction and loss of proteostasis in HGPS.Xunta de Galicia; PS07/86Instituto de Salud Carlos III; PI11/0279

Characterization of Human Herpesvirus 8 genomic integration and amplification events in a primary effusion lymphoma cell line

In this study, we investigated the integration of Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) into the human genome using the primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cell line BC-3. Through next-generation sequencing (NGS) data from multiple independent sequencing runs, we identified two highly supported HHV-8 integrants. These integrants encompassed a region of human chromosome 12 that was amplified approximately 16-fold between the junctions. Significantly, these events could represent the first known instance of HHV-8 integration into a hybrid human-viral extrachromosomal chimeric circular DNA (eccDNA). The amplified fragment contained partial or complete copies of various human genes, including SELPLG and CORO1C. Analysis of long-read Nanopore data indicated that the CpGs at the SELPLG promoter were mostly unmethylated, suggesting that the additional copies of SELPLG within this eccDNA are likely transcriptionally active. Our findings suggest that viral insertion and eccDNA amplification could be crucial mechanisms in the development of HHV-8-related cancers. In conclusion, our study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in HHV-8-induced oncogenesis and emphasizes the importance of investigating viral integration and eccDNAs in cancer development. Furthermore, we highlight the necessity of employing multiple independent sequencing approaches to validate integration events and avoid false positives derived from library construction artifacts

Estrategia invasiva de rutina en el síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del segmento ST con disfunción renal. Resultados del registro ARIAM-SEMICYUC

Objetivo: Evaluar la utilización y efectividad de la estrategia invasiva de rutina (EIR) en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación de ST con disfunción renal en el mundo real. Métodos: Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo basado en el registro ARIAM-SEMICYUC (años 2011- 2014). Se consideró que había disfunción renal cuando el GFR (Cockroft-Gault) era menor de 60 ml/min (disfunción moderada) o de 30 ml/min (disfunción grave). Se excluyeron los pacientes en los que la coronariografía precoz (< 72 h) se debió a shock cardiogénico o isquemia recurrente. El desenlace primario fue la mortalidad hospitalaria. El control del confounding se realizó mediante un análisis de propensión. Resultados: Se analizan 4.279 pacientes, de los cuales un 26% tenía disfunción renal moderada y un 5% disfunción grave. Los pacientes con disfunción renal presentaron una mayor gravedad y comorbilidad, una mayor mortalidad hospitalaria (8,6 frente a 1,8%) y una menor utilización de la EIR (40 frente a 52%). Las OR ajustadas mediante emparejamiento para pacientes sin/con disfunción renal fueron de 0,38 (intervalo de confianza al 95% [IC95%] de 0,17 a 0,81) y 0,52 (IC95% de 0,32 a 0,87), respectivamente (p de interacción 0,4779). El impacto de la EIR (diferencia de riesgos ajustada) fue mayor en el grupo con disfunción renal (−5,1%, IC95% entre −8,1 y −2,1, frente a −1,6%, IC95% entre −2,6 y −0,6, p de interacción = 0,0335). Tampoco se detectó interacción significativa respecto a los demás enlaces considerados (mortalidad en UCI o a los 30 días, riesgo combinado de muerte o infarto, fracaso renal agudo o hemorragias moderadas/graves). Conclusiones: Los resultados evidencian que la efectividad de la EIR es similar en pacientes con función renal normal o reducida y alertan sobre una infrautilización de esta estrategia en estos últimos.Objective: To evaluate the use and effectiveness of a routine invasive strategy (RIS) in patients with acute coronary syndrome without persistent ST-segment elevation with renal dysfunction in the real world scenario. Methods: A retrospective cohort study based on the ARIAM-SEMICYUC Registry (2011-2014) was carried out. Renal dysfunction was defined as GFR (Cockroft-Gault)<60ml/min (moderate dysfunction) or<30ml/min (severe dysfunction). Patients in which early angiography (<72h) was performed due to cardiogenic shock or recurrent myocardial ischemia were excluded. The primary endpoint was hospital mortality. Confounding factors were controlled using propensity score analysis. Results: A total of 4,279 patients were analyzed, of which 26% had moderate renal dysfunction and 5% severe dysfunction. Patients with renal dysfunction had greater severity and comorbidity, higher hospital mortality (8.6 vs. 1.8%), and lesser use of the RIS (40 vs. 52%). The adjusted OR for mortality in patients without/with renal dysfunction were 0.38 (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.17 to 0.81) and 0.52 (95%CI 0.32 to 0.87), respectively (interaction P-value=.4779). The impact (adjusted risk difference) of RIS was higher in the group with renal dysfunction (-5.1%, 95%CI -8.1 to -2.1 vs. -1.6%, 95%CI -2.6 to -0.6; interaction P-value=.0335). No significant interaction was detected for the other endpoints considered (ICU mortality, 30-day mortality, myocardial infarction, acute renal failure or moderate/severe bleeding).Conclusions: The results suggest that the effectiveness of IRS is similar in patients with normal or abnormal renal function, and alert to the under-utilization of this strategy in such patients

Study of the temperature distribution in Si nanowires under microscopic laser beam excitation

The use of laser beams as excitation sources for the characterization of semiconductor nanowires (NWs) is largely extended. Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) are currently applied to the study of NWs. However, NWs are systems with poor thermal conductivity and poor heat dissipation, which result in unintentional heating under the excitation with a focused laser beam with microscopic size, as those usually used in microRaman and microPL experiments. On the other hand, the NWs have subwavelength diameter, which changes the optical absorption with respect to the absorption in bulk materials. Furthermore, the NW diameter is smaller than the laser beam spot, which means that the optical power absorbed by the NW depends on its position inside the laser beam spot. A detailed analysis of the interaction between a microscopic focused laser beam and semiconductor NWs is necessary for the understanding of the experiments involving laser beam excitation of NWs. We present in this work a numerical analysis of the thermal transport in Si NWs, where the heat source is the laser energy locally absorbed by the NW. This analysis takes account of the optical absorption, the thermal conductivity, the dimensions, diameter and length of the NWs, and the immersion medium. Both free standing and heat-sunk NWs are considered. Also, the temperature distribution in ensembles of NWs is discussed. This analysis intends to constitute a tool for the understanding of the thermal phenomena induced by laser beams in semiconductor NWs

Association between Use of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Protocol and Postoperative Complications in Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty in the Postoperative Outcomes Within Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Protocol in Elective Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Study (POWER2)

Importance: The Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) care protocol has been shown to improve outcomes compared with traditional care in certain types of surgery. Objective: To assess the association of use of the ERAS protocols with complications in patients undergoing elective total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Design, Setting, and Participants: This multicenter, prospective cohort study included patients recruited from 131 centers in Spain from October 22 through December 22, 2018. All consecutive adults scheduled for elective THA or TKA were eligible for inclusion. Patients were stratified between those treated in a self-designated ERAS center (ERAS group) and those treated in a non-ERAS center (non-ERAS group). Data were analyzed from June 15 through September 15, 2019. Exposures: Total hip or knee arthroplasty and perioperative management. Sixteen individual ERAS items were assessed in all included patients, whether they were treated at a center that was part of an established ERAS protocol or not. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was postoperative complications within 30 days after surgery. Secondary outcomes included length of stay and mortality. Results: During the 2-month recruitment period, 6146 patients were included (3580 women [58.2%]; median age, 71 [interquartile range (IQR), 63-76] years). Of these, 680 patients (11.1%) presented with postoperative complications. No differences were found in the number of patients with overall postoperative complications between ERAS and non-ERAS groups (163 [10.2%] vs 517 [11.4%]; odds ratio [OR], 0.89; 95% CI, 0.74-1.07; P =.22). Fewer patients in the ERAS group had moderate to severe complications (73 [4.6%] vs 279 [6.1%]; OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.56-0.96; P =.02). The median overall adherence rate with the ERAS protocol was 50.0% (IQR, 43.8%-62.5%), with the rate for ERAS facilities being 68.8% (IQR, 56.2%-81.2%) vs 50.0% (IQR, 37.5%-56.2%) at non-ERAS centers (P <.001). Among the patients with the highest and lowest quartiles of adherence to ERAS components, the patients with the highest adherence had fewer overall postoperative complications (144 [10.6%] vs 270 [13.0%]; OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.64-0.99; P <.001) and moderate to severe postoperative complications (59 [4.4%] vs 143 [6.9%]; OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.45-0.84; P <.001) and shorter median length of hospital stay (4 [IQR, 3-5] vs 5 [IQR, 4-6] days; OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96-0.99; P <.001). Conclusions and Relevance: An increase in adherence to the ERAS program was associated with a decrease in postoperative complications, although only a few ERAS items were individually associated with improved outcomes

Variation in antiosteoporotic drug prescribing and spending across Spain. A population-based ecological cross-sectional study

Introduction: Evidence has shown that utilization of antiosteoporotic medications does not correspond with risk, and studies on other therapies have shown that adequacy of pharmaceutical prescribing might vary between regions. Nevertheless, very few studies have addressed the variability in osteoporotic drug consumption. We aimed to describe variations in pharmaceutical utilization and spending on osteoporotic drugs between Health Areas (HA) in Spain. Methods: Population-based cross-sectional ecological study of expenditure and utilization of the five therapeutic groups marketed for osteoporosis treatment in Spain in 2009. Small area variation analysis (SAVA) methods were used. The units of analysis were the 168 HA of 13 Spanish regions, including 7.2 million women aged 50 years and older. The main outcomes were the defined daily dose (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants and day (DDD/1000/Day) dispensed according to the pharmaceutical claims reimbursed, and the expenditure on antiosteoporotics at retail price per woman =50 years old and per year. Results: The average osteoporosis drug consumption was 116.8 DDD/1000W/Day, ranging from 78.5 to 158.7 DDD/1000W/Day between the HAs in the 5th and 95th percentiles. Seventy-five percent of the antiosteoporotics consumed was bisphosphonates, followed by raloxifene, strontium ranelate, calcitonins, and parathyroid hormones including teriparatide. Regarding variability by therapeutic groups, biphosphonates showed the lowest variation, while calcitonins and parathyroid hormones showed the highest variation. The annual expenditure on antiosteoporotics was €426.5 million, translating into an expenditure of €59.2 for each woman =50 years old and varying between €38.1 and €83.3 between HAs in the 5th and 95th percentiles. Biphosphonates, despite accounting for 79% of utilization, only represented 63% of total expenditure, while parathyroid hormones with only 1.6% of utilization accounted for 15% of the pharmaceutical spending. Conclusion: This study highlights a marked geographical variation in the prescription of antiosteoporotics, being more pronounced in the case of costly drugs such as parathyroid hormones. The differences in rates of prescribing explained almost all of the variance in drug spending, suggesting that the difference in prescription volume between territories, and not the price of the drugs, is the main source of variation in this setting. Data on geographical variation of prescription can help guide policy proposals for targeting areas with inadequate antiosteoporotic drug use