5,372 research outputs found
Terrorismo y derechos humanos en la UniĂłn Europea y en el Consejo de Europa: Âżmarcos de referencia mundial?
Ponencia recogida en las actas de los Cursos de Derecho Internacional y Relaciones Internacionales de Vitoria-Gasteiz organizados por la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad del PaĂs Vasco.El objetivo de este trabajo es abordar el vĂnculo existente entre terrorismo y derechos humanos
como tĂ©rminos constitutivos de un mismo binomio, o como par de conceptos jurĂdicos equilibrados.
Para ello resulta necesario analizar, aunque sea en el marco delimitado por el tĂtulo de
esta contribuciĂłn, es decir en el Consejo de Europa y en la UniĂłn Europea (UE), dos cuestiones
recurrentes de naturaleza bien distinta. La primera tiene que ver con las dificultades conceptuales,
de definiciĂłn y de uso, que plantean las nociones de terrorismo y derechos humanos, insistiendo
en particular en la aportaciĂłn que en este sentido ofrece el Consejo de Europa y en los
desarrollos normativos e institucionales acontecidos en la UE. La segunda cuestiĂłn se refiere a
las consecuencias del desplazamiento del eje conceptual del binomio terrorismo-derechos humanos
desde la legalidad a la legitimidad internacional, profundizando en la reacciĂłn que este
giro ha provocado en la Asamblea Parlamentaria y el Tribuna Europeo de Derechos Humanos,
y en la respuesta, entre la aquiescencia y la contestaciĂłn, articulada por la UE. En suma, se
tratarĂa de discernir si tanto el Consejo de Europa como la UE ofrecen marcos Ăștiles de referencia
para que, en la bĂșsqueda del equilibrio en el binomio terrorismo-derechos humanos, Europa
deje de ser parte del problema y devenga, por fin, en parte de la soluciĂłn.The aim of this paper is to address the linkage between terrorism and human rights as constituent
elements of the same binomial, or as a couple of legal concepts. This requires to analysis,
albeit within the framework defined by the title of this contribution, i.e the Council of Europe
and the European Union (EU), two issues with a quite different nature. The first has to do with
the difficulties on the definition and use of the notions of terrorism and human rights, with particular
emphasis on the contribution that on this regard offers the Council of Europe and the
institutional and legal changes developed in the EU. The second question concerns the consequences
of the displacement of the binomial terrorism-human rights since the legality towards
the international legitimacy, the reaction this shift has resulted in the Parliamentary Assembly
and the European Court of Human Rights, and the answer given by the EU. In short, the final
purpose would be to think about whether both the Council of Europe and the EU offer useful
frameworks to counterbalance, in a proper and definitive way, terrorism and human rights
The entangling side of the Unruh-Hawking effect
We show that the Unruh effect can create net quantum entanglement between
inertial and accelerated observers depending on the choice of the inertial
state. This striking result banishes the extended belief that the Unruh effect
can only destroy entanglement and furthermore provides a new and unexpected
source for finding experimental evidence of the Unruh and Hawking effects.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. Added Journal referenc
Health status and retirement decisions for older European couples
In this paper we use data the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) to describe and analyse the dynamics of joint labour force behaviour of older couples for the EU12 countries. We focus on three main issues: the relevance of joint retirement across EU12 countries, the existence of complementarities in leisure and/or assortative matting and the effects of health variables. Concerning the evidence, we first find that a working spouse is more likely to retire the more recently the other spouse has retired; this effect is stronger if the wife is the working spouse. Second, there is evidence of assortative mating and/or complementarities in leisure; the effects of all relevant factors on the retirement decision of one spouse depend strongly on whether the other one is working, unemployed, or retired. Third, besides the standard evidence that poor health increases the retirement probability, we find that the husband's health affects the couple's retirement decisions much more strongly than the wife's health does. Additional asymmetric effects are detected with respect to income related variables.joint retirement decisions ; labour force transitions ; health variables ; asymmetric effects
Health status and retirement decisison for older european couples.
In this paper we use data the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) to describe and analyse the dynamics of joint labour force behaviour of older couples for the EUI2 countries. We focus on three main issues: the relanvance of joint retirement across EUI2 countries, the existence of complementarities in leisure and/or assortative matting and the effects of health variables. Concerning the evidence, we first find that a working spouse is more likely to retire the more recently the other spouse has retired; this effect is stronger if the wife is the working spouse. Second, there is evidence of assortative mating and/or complementarities in leisure; the effects of all relevant factors on the retirement decision of one spouse depend strongly on whether the other one is working, unemployed, or retired. Third, besides the standard evidence that poor health increases the retirement probabiliby, we find that the husband's health affects the couple's retirement decisions much more strongly than the wife's health does. Additional asymmetric effects are detected with respect to income related variables.Joint retirement decisions; Labour force transitions; Health variables; Asymmetric effects;
An Empirical Analysis of the Demand for Physician Services Across the European Union
This paper presents parameter estimates for physician services equations using the European Community Household Panel for 12 countries covering the period 1994-1996. The focus is on two specific points: i) the identification of behavioural similarities and differences in the demand for health across the countries; ii) the variability of the demand for health captured through a joint model for all the countries. We find that there are significant differences across countries, although there are also similarities in the effect of variables such as the health stock, labour situation or family structure. An important fraction of the variability of the demand of health services across countries could be explained from differences in age, income, and the role of General Practitioners (GP) as a gatekeepers in the public health system. We also find some evidence of induced demand effects in both the decision to visit and the number of visits to specialists.count data; demand; physician services; latent class model; two-part model
Mechanical systems subjected to generalized nonholonomic constraints
We study mechanical systems subject to constraint functions that can be
dependent at some points and independent at the rest. Such systems are modelled
by means of generalized codistributions. We discuss how the constraint force
can transmit an impulse to the motion at the points of dependence and derive an
explicit formula to obtain the ``post-impact'' momentum in terms of the
``pre-impact'' momentum.Comment: 24 pages, no figure
Global controllability tests for geometric hybrid control systems
Hybrid systems are characterized by having an interaction between continuous
dynamics and discrete events. The contribution of this paper is to provide
hybrid systems with a novel geometric formulation so that controls can be
added. Using this framework we describe some new global controllability tests
for hybrid control systems exploiting the geometry and the topology of the set
of jump points, where the instantaneous change of dynamics take place.
Controllability is understood as the existence of a feasible trajectory for the
system joining any two given points. As a result we describe examples where
none of the continuous control systems are controllable, but the associated
hybrid system is controllable because of the characteristics of the jump set.Comment: 27 pages, 5 figure
Enhanced people detection combining appearance and motion information
This paper is a postprint of a paper submitted to and accepted for publication in Electronics Letters and is subject to Institution of Engineering and Technology Copyright. The copy of record is available at IET Digital LibraryThe combination of two of the most recent people detectors from the
state of the art is proposed. It is already known that the combination of
independent information sources is useful for any detection task. In
relation with people detection, there are two main discriminative
information sources that characterize a person: appearance and motion.
We propose the combination of two recent approaches based on both
information sources. Experimental results over an extensive dataset
show that the proposed combination significantly improves the results.This work was partially supported by the
Universidad AutĂłnoma de Madrid (âFPI-UAMâ) and by the Spanish
Goverment (âTEC2011-25995 EventVideoâ)
Incorporating Wheelchair Users in People Detection
A wheelchair users detector is presented to extend people detection, providing
a more general solution to detect people in environments such as houses adapted
for independent and assisted living, hospitals, healthcare centers and senior residences.
A wheelchair user model is incorporated in a detector whose detections are afterwards
combined with the ones obtained using traditional people detectors (we define these as
standing people detectors). We have trained a model for classical (DPM) and for modern
(Faster-RCNN) detection algorithms, to compare their performance. Besides the
extensibility proposed with respect to people detection, a dataset of video sequences
has been recorded in a real in-door senior residence environment containing wheelchairs
users and standing people and it has been released together with the associated groundtruthThis work has been partially supported by the Spanish government under the project TEC2014-53176-R (HAVideo) and by the Spanish Government FPU grant programme (Ministerio de EducaciĂłn, Cultura y Deporte
People detection in surveillance: Classification and evaluation
This paper is a postprint of a paper submitted to and accepted for publication in IET Computer Vision and is subject to Institution of Engineering and Technology Copyright. The copy of record is available at IET Digital Library and at IEEE Xplore.Nowadays, people detection in video surveillance environments is a task that has been generating great interest. There are many approaches trying to solve the problem either in controlled scenarios or in very specific surveillance applications. The main objective of this study is to give a comprehensive and extensive evaluation of the state of the art of people detection regardless of the final surveillance application. For this reason, first, the different processing tasks involved in the automatic people detection in video sequences have been defined, then a proper classification of the state of the art of people detection has been made according to the two most critical tasks, object detection and person model, that are needed in every detection approach. Finally, experiments have been performed on an extensive dataset with different approaches that completely cover the proposed classification and support the conclusions drawn from the state of the art.This work has been partially supported by the Spanish Government (TEC2011-25995 EventVideo)
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