Desde @bajo y para el mundo

El Tema de esta investigación es internet y los movimientos sociales. Hacemos especial hincapié en el caso del Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional (EZLN) y el uso de sitio web, blog y twitter. De esta manera analizamos los usos de internet y las nuevas tecnologías de información y cómo y de qué manera construyen su identidad como movimiento social a través de los productos web seleccionados. En primer lugar nos abocamos al estudio y a la historia del movimiento, determinando 10 rasgos distintivos que definen al EZLN. En segunda instancia, intentamos conocer sus mensajes e informaciones presentados en sus diferentes sitios web, realizando una descripción detallada de los mismos. Finalmente, realizamos un análisis interpretativo de la muestra seleccionada, identificando sus diversas formas de relacionarse y darse a conocer al mundo, bajo una identidad colectiva.Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Socia

Species-specific effects of epigeic earthworms on microbial community structure during first stages of decomposition of organic matter

Background: Epigeic earthworms are key organisms in organic matter decomposition because of the interactions they establish with microorganisms. The earthworm species and the quality and/or substrate availability are expected to be major factors influencing the outcome of these interactions. Here we tested whether and to what extent the epigeic earthworms Eisenia andrei, Eisenia fetida and Perionyx excavatus, widely used in vermicomposting, are capable of altering the microbiological properties of fresh organic matter in the short-term. We also questioned if the earthworm-induced modifications to the microbial communities are dependent on the type of substrate ingested. Methodology/Principal Findings: To address these questions we determined the microbial community structure (phospholipid fatty acid profiles) and microbial activity (basal respiration and microbial growth rates) of three types of animal manure (cow, horse and rabbit) that differed in microbial composition, after being processed by each species of earthworm for one month. No differences were found between earthworm-worked samples with regards to microbial community structure, irrespective of type of manure, which suggests the existence of a bottleneck effect of worm digestion on microbial populations of the original material consumed. Moreover, in mesocosms containing cow manure the presence of E. andrei resulted not only in a decrease in bacterial and fungal biomass, but also in a reduced bacterial growth rate and total microbial activity, while no such reduction was found with E. fetida and P. excavatus. Conclusions/Significance: Our results point to the species of earthworm with its associated gut microbiota as a strong determinant of the process shaping the structure of microbial communities in the short-term. This must nonetheless be weighed against the fact that further knowledge is necessary to evaluate whether the changes in the composition of microbiota in response to the earthworm species is accompanied by a change in the microbial community diversity and/or function.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación | Ref. CTM2009-0847

Modeling malware propagation using a carrier compartment.

[EN]The great majority of mathematical models proposed to simulate malware spread ing are based on systems of ordinary differential equations. These are compart mental models where the devices are classified according to some types: suscep tible, exposed, infectious, recovered, etc. As far as we know, there is not any model considering the special class of carrier devices. This type is constituted by the devices whose operative systems is not targeted by the malware (for example, iOS devices for Android malware). In this work a novel mathematical model considering this new compartment is considered. Its qualitative study is presented and a detailed analysis of the efficient control measures is shown by studying the basic reproductive number

A similarity measure for cyclic unary regular languages

A cyclic unary regular language is a regular language over a unary alphabet that is represented by a cyclic automaton. We propose a similarity measure for cyclic unary regular languages by modifying the Jaccard similarity coe cient and the So rensen coe cient to measure the level of overlap between such languages. This measure computes the proportion of strings that are shared by two or more cyclic unary regular languages and is an upper bound of the Jaccard coe cient and the S orensen coe cient. By using such similarity measure, we de ne a dissimilarity measure for cyclic unary regular languages that is a semimetric distance. Moreover, it can be used for the non-cyclic case

The capital goods industry in the post-convertibility: external trade performance and (dis)advantage of the existing critical mass

El trabajo analiza la evolución de la industria argentina de maquinarias y equipos en la posconvertibilidad. En ese marco avanza en la detección de un conjunto de bienes de capital que podrían articular un planteo de sustitución de importaciones y/o de promoción exportadora en el marco de una política ad hoc de desarrollo sectorial.This paper analyzes the Argentine machinery and equipment industry evolution in the post-convertibility period. And in this context it delves into the detection of a capital goods set that could form part of a import substitution and/or export promotion outline in the context of a sector development ad hoc policy.Fil: Castells, Maria Jose. Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales. Sede Académica Argentina Buenos Aires. Área de Economía y Tecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ferreira, Esteban. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Inchauspe, María Eugenia. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Schorr, Martín. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; Argentin

Evolving under small disruption

We extend the edit operators of substitution, deletion, and insertion of a symbol over a word by introducing two new operators (partial copy and partial elimination) inspired by biological gene duplication. We de ne a disruption measure for an operator over a word and prove that whereas the traditional edit operators are disruptive, partial copy and partial elimination are non-disruptive. Moreover, we show that the application of only edit operators does not generate (with low disruption) all the words over a binary alphabet, but this can indeed be done by combining partial copy and partial elimination with the substitution operator.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Changes in chemical and microbiological properties of rabbit manure in a continuous-feeding vermicomposting system

In the present study the potential of the earthworm Eisenia fetida to process large amounts of waste was evaluated through continuous feeding reactors in which new layers of rabbit manure were added sequentially to form an age gradient inside the reactors. An optimal moisture level, ranging from 66% to 76%, was maintained throughout the process using an automatic watering system. The pH was close to 8.3, but decreased to 7.6 after 200 d of vermicomposting. No changes in electrical conductivity through the prole of layers were detected. Based on comparisons of phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) proles and microbial activity measurements (basal respiration), a decrease in the levels of bacteria and fungi in layers corresponding to vermicomposting times of more than 200 d occurred. This points to a higher degree of stabilisation in the nal product, which is of utmost importance for its safe use as an organic amendment.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación | Ref. CTM2009-0847

Recycling and valorization of distilled grape marc through vermicomposting: a pilot-scale study

The present study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of vermicomposting for the valorization of distilled grape marc, one of the main solid by-products of the winery sector during a 56-day pilot-scale trial. The increase in the density and biomass of earthworms ( Eisenia andrei ) during the earlier stages of the process reflected the suitability of the distilled marc ( Vitis vinifera L. cv. Mencía) as feedstock in order to sustain large earthworm populations on a pilot-scale level. Supporting this, from 14 days onwards the pH of Mencía distilled marc fell within weak-alkaline levels and the electrical conductivity was between 0.21 and 0.11 mS cm −2 providing optimum conditions for earthworm growth. A rapid decrease in microbial activity as well as in the content of total polyphenols, both indicative of stabilized materials was also recorded after 14 days of vermicomposting. Moreover, the content of macro- and micronutrients in the end product matched with those considered to have the quality criteria of a good vermicompost with respect to plant health and safe agricultural use. Altogether, it underlines the feasibility of vermicomposting as an environment-friendly approach for the biological stabilization of distilled grape marc fulfilling both environmental protection and fertilizer production.Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. PID2021-124265OB-I00Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431C 2022/07Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. RYC-2016-21231Universidade de Vigo/CISU

Low Disruption Transformations on Cyclic Automata

We extend the edit operators of substitution, deletion, and insertion of a symbol over a word by introducing two new operators (partial copy and partial elimination) inspired by biological gene duplication. We define a disruption measure for an operator over a word and prove that whereas the traditional edit operators are disruptive, partial copy and partial elimination are non-disruptive. Moreover, we show that the application of only edit operators does not generate (with low disruption) all the words over a binary alphabet, but this can indeed be done by combining partial copy and partial elimination with the substitution operator

The evaluation of stability and maturity during the composting of cattle manure

We examined chemical, microbiological and biochemical parameters in order to assess their effectiveness as stability and maturity indicators during the composting process of cattle manure. The composting material obtained after 15 d in trenches and at different times during the maturation phase (i.e. 80, 180 and 270 d) were analyzed. We found that the material collected at the end of the active phase was inadequate to be applied to soil as organic amendment due to its high content of NHþ 4 , its high level of phytotoxicity and the low degree of organic matter stability. After a maturation period of 80 d, the stability of the sample increased. This was shown by a reduction in the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content and NH+4 concentration and also by a reduction in the microbial activity and biomass; however, 180 d of composting were not sufficient to reduce the phytotoxicity to levels consistent for a safe soil application. Among the various parameters studied, the change in DOC with composting time gave a good indication of stability