Pâni Balna. Proyecto de desarrollo de la comunidad indígena Sacalwas, Nicaragua

[ES] El proyecto se presenta en el contexto de la cooperación, en una investigación y posterior propuesta de desarrollo urbano de la comunidad indígena de Sacalwas en Bonanza, Nicaragua. La idea nace de la participación en un programa de apoyo a la oficina de arquitectura del ayuntamiento de Bonanza. Con este proyecto se pretende crear un plan de desarrollo urbano para la comunidad más cercana al pueblo de Bonanza. Es por ello por lo que se realiza una aproximación al tema lo más realista posible. El nombre del proyecto es Pani Balna, que significa comunidad o comunidades en mayangna, la etnia de la comunidad. Se propone un plan de crecimiento a través de la creación de un sistema de saneamiento y una red viaria lo más amable con el entorno y la naturaleza posible. Además, el proyecto se centrará en la creación de una nueva vivienda y de la mejora de las condiciones de las viviendas ya existentes y sus instalaciones[EN] The project is presented in the context of cooperation, in an investigation and subsequent proposal for urban development of the Sacalwas indigenous community in Bonanza, Nicaragua. The idea stems from participating in a program to support the Bonanza town hall architecture office. This project aims to create an urban development plan for the community closest to the town of Bonanza. This is why an approach to the subject is made as realistic as possible. The name of the project is Pani Balna, which means community or communities in Mayangna, the ethnic group of the community. A growth plan is proposed through the creation of a sanitation system and a road network that is as friendly to the environment and nature as possible. In addition, the project will focus on creating new housing and improving the conditions of existing housing and facilities.[CA] El projecte es presenta en el context de la cooperació, en una investigació i poste-rior proposta de desenvolupament urbà de la comunitat indígena de Sacalwas en Bonança, Nicaragua.La idea naix de la participació en un programa de suport a l’oficina d’arquitectu-ra de l’ajuntament de Bonança. Amb aquest projecte es pretén crear un pla de desenvolupament urbà per a la comunitat més pròxima al poble de Bonança. És per això que es realitza una aproximació al tema el més realista possible. El nom del projecte és Pani Balna, que significa comunitat o comunitats en mayangna, l’ètnia de la comunitat.Es proposa un pla de creixement a través de la creació d’un sistema de sane-jament i una xarxa viària el més amable amb l’entorn i la naturalesa possible. A més, el projecte se centrarà en la creació d’un nou habitatge i de la millora de les condicions dels habitatges ja existents i les seues instal·lacionsMartín Sánchez, MI. (2020). Pâni Balna. Proyecto de desarrollo de la comunidad indígena Sacalwas, Nicaragua. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/156055TFG

Powerful knowledge, transposition/transformation and ICT: an empirical study across school subjects in primary education

Artículo de investigación[EN] This article presents a study that analyses the types of activity used to teach the curriculum in primary education, and the use made accordingly of digital and analogue resources. The research’s purpose was to discover whether there are any differentiated patterns of activity in the teaching of these subjects, and whether they are linked to the use of ICT/non-ICT resources. A multiple case study was conducted with 10 primary teachers, with three schooldays being recorded over the 2018–2019 school year, which provided 132 hours of recordings. The research design involved the use of mixed methods. The results reveal a differentiated use of patterns of activity linked to the subjects that make up the curriculum in primary education, as well as a differentiated use of ICT and non-ICT resources when teaching these subjects. The study includes the need to investigate the process of transforming/transposing the academic content into effective classroom teaching practices.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidade

Deciphering indigenous bacteria in compacted bentonite through a novel and efficient DNA extraction method: Insights into biogeochemical processes within the Deep Geological Disposal of nuclear waste concept

Compacted bentonites are one of the best sealing and backfilling clays considered for use in Deep Geological Repositories of radioactive wastes. However, an in-depth understanding of their behavior after placement in the repository is required, including if the activity of indigenous microorganisms affects safety conditions. Here we provide an optimized phenol:chloroform based protocol that facilitates higher DNA-yields when other methods failed. To demonstrate the efficiency of this method, DNA was extracted from acetate-treated bentonites compacted at 1.5 and 1.7 g/cm3 densities after 24 months anoxic incubation. Among the 16S rRNA gene sequences identified, those most similar to taxa mediating biogeochemical sulfur cycling included sulfur oxidizing (e.g., Thiobacillus, and Sulfurimonas) and sulfate reducing (e.g., Desulfuromonas and Desulfosporosinus) bacteria. In addition, iron-cycling populations included iron oxidizing (e.g., Thiobacillus and Rhodobacter) plus reducing taxa (e.g., Geobacillus). Genera described for their capacity to utilize acetate as a carbon source were also detected such as Delftia and Stenotrophomonas. Lastly, microscopic analyses revealed pores and cracks that could host nanobacteria or spores. This study highlights the potential role of microbial driven biogeochemical processes in compacted bentonites and the effect of high compaction on microbial diversity in Deep Geological Repositories

Short term visual outcomes of a new trifocal intraocular lens

Background: Today, patients often expect to achieve spectacle independance after cataract surgery. New trifocal intraocular lenses have been developed to try and fullfill this demand. The purpose of this study is to report the short-term visual outcomes of a new trifocal intraocular lens (AcrySof PanOptix™). Methods: Consecutive adult patients undergoing cataract surgery with bilateral implantation of the study intraocular lens in a private practice clinic were considered for inclusion. Exclusion criteria were the presence of other ocular pathologies or preoperative astigmatism >1.5 diopters (D). Patients with intraoperative complications were excluded from analysis. One month after surgery patients underwent: monocular defocus curve; monocular and binocular uncorrected visual acuity in photopic and mesopic conditions, for far (4 m), intermediate (60 cm) and near (33 cm) distances and binocular contrast sensitivity. Patients completed a visual satisfaction questionnaire between 9 and 12 months after surgery. Results: One hundred and sixteen eyes of fifty-eight patients receiving bilateral implantation of the study intraocular lens were analysed. Mean binocular uncorrected visual acuity in photopic conditions was 0.03 LogMAR for far, 0.12 for intermediate and 0.02 for near distances. All patients achieved a binocular uncorrected visual acuity better than 0.3 LogMAR (20/40 Snellen equivalent) for distance and near vision and 94.8% of patients for intermediate vision. Mesopic binocular uncorrected visual acuity values were similar to photopic values. The monocular defocus curves showed that the best visual acuity was reached at a vergence of 0.00D. Visual acuity dropped slightly at −1.00D and peaked again at −2.00D. Visual acuities better than 0.2 LogMAR were maintained between −2.50D and +0.50D. Contrast sensitivity was high and similar in photopic and mesopic conditions. As regards patient-evaluated outcomes, only 2 patients (3.4%) were fairly dissatisfied with their sight after surgery. Three patients (5.1%) reported the need for spectacle correction for certain activities. All other patients (94.8%) reported never using spectacle correction. Conclusions: The PanOptix trifocal IOL provides good short-term visual outcomes, with good intermediate performance and excellent patient-reported satisfaction. The similar values achieved in mesopic and photopic conditions in binocular uncorrected visual acuity and contrast sensitivity suggest low pupillary dependence for light distribution. Trial registration number: ISRCTN60143265 , retrospectively registered on the 24th of April 2017

Classroom practices and curricular resources in teaching initial mathematical knowledge in Spain

Artículo de Investigación[ES] Este estudio de casos pretende analizar si los profesores seleccionan, combinan y adaptan recursos como una tarea más dentro de la gestión general de sus prácticas de clase. El objetivo es tratar de establecer el papel que los materiales juegan en las clases, concretamente qué enfoque de enseñanza inicial del conocimiento matemático proponen y si este se corresponde con el de las prácticas de clase donde se usan esos materiales. Se grabaron 39 clases de 9 profesores de alumnos de 3, 4 y 5 años sobre las que se aplicó un sistema de análisis de datos cualitativos que permite estudiar las tareas para la enseñanza inicial del conocimiento matemático en las clases y en los materiales. Los resultados apuntan a un ajuste moderado entre prácticas y materiales, dentro de un contexto curricular que guía más que dicta, y con una cultura didáctica bastante consolidada de enseñanza inicial del conocimiento matemático.[EN] This paper aims to analyse whether teachers select, combine and adapt resources as part of the overall management of their classroom practices. The aim of this paper will therefore be to establish the role materials play in the classroom, specifically the pedagogical approach to the initial teaching of mathematical knowledge they propose and the coincidence to the classroom practices where they are used. We worked with 39 recordings of classes of 9 teachers. By applying a qualitative data analysis system that permits analysing the tasks for teaching initial mathematical knowledge in classroom practices and the tasks that are in the materials. The results suggest a moderate alignment between practices and materials, within a curricular context that guides rather than dictates, albeit with a reasonably consolidated didactic culture regarding the teaching of initial mathematical knowledgeMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad Ministerio de Ciencia e InnovaciónUniversidad Austral de Chil

Fat-specific FUS-DDIT3-transgenic mice establish PPARgamma inactivation is required to liposarcoma development.

Peer reviewe

Inteligencia artificial aplicada a la Mecánica Cuántica

En este trabajo se hace uso de la inteligencia artificial en el campo de la mecánica cuántica. Se entrena una red neuronal para encontrar el estado fundamental de un sistema cuántico de muchos cuerpos interactuantes. El objetivo del trabajo es responder a la pregunta de, si a partir de una red neuronal optimizada para un número dado de partículas, esta misma red es capaz de determinar con precisión el estado fundamental del mismo sistema pero con un número diferente de partículas. Por otro lado, se muestra cómo se puede comprimir la información del sistema, siendo necesario únicamente un número reducido de parámetros para reproducir la función de onda deseada. Se comprueba además que no es necesario más que un pequeño porcentaje de datos para entrenar la red de forma que esta aprenda satisfactoriamente. Y por último, se estudia la dependencia de la energía del estado fundamental de un sistema dado en función de un parámetro asociado a la energía de interacción entre dos partículas.<br /

Reconfiguration Algorithm to Reduce Power Losses in Offshore HVDC Transmission Lines

The race to increase the efficiency and reduce the power losses in transmission systems has resulted in the substantial growth of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems. Moreover, the interconnection of these transmission systems significantly increases their reliability. However, the control of these meshed grids is a key problem that usually is managed through the control of the VSCs in those grids, but the control of the VSC can be complemented with a reconfiguration algorithm. This paper proposes the use of the particle swarm optimization algorithm, in order to reconfigure meshed HVDC transmission systems and reduce losses. The proposed algorithm has been tested in the CIGRE benchmark grid, which comprises of several offshore wind farms that generate energy sent to the grid through several HVDC transmission lines. The results show that as the energy generation changes due to wind changes, the grid topology must be reconfigured in order to achieve the maximum efficiency. Doing this reconfiguration, power savings around 18&#8211;19% could be achieve

Novel shape-stabilized phase change material with cascade character: synthesis, performance and shaping evaluation

Thermal Energy Storage (TES) materials, such as Phase Change Materials (PCMs) are proven to enhance the energy efficiency in many fields, such as automotive and building sectors, which correspond to the most energy intensive ones. Shape-stabilized PCM and cascade PCM are procedures to overcome the most important barriers when PCMs are applied since PCMs need to be encapsulated for their technical use: the leakage of the liquid phase, corrosion, low heat transfer and narrow temperature of application. In the present study, a novel shape stabilized PCM with cascade performance (cascade shape stabilized phase change material, CSS-PCM) is synthesized via dissolution, which allows up to 60 wt.% of a paraffin-PCM in the final composition. The novel CSS-PCM is based on a biopolymer, the polycaprolactone (PCL), a low melting temperature polyester as polymeric matrix and RT27 and Micronal DS 5040 acting as PCM. To evaluate the performance of the new TES materials developed, several techniques have been used: Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier-Transformed Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy were used to evaluate the thermophysical properties and the chemical properties of the different formulations. The CSS-PCM show an increment of storage capacity by increasing the PCM content, and the thermal reliability was also tested: some of the CSS-PCM formulations were stable for up to 500 thermal cycles. Finally, as a potential application of the new polymeric-based PCM 3D, a printing attempt was performed in order to analyze the viability of the formulations to be used as 3D printing material as a first proof of concept

Early epigenetic cancer decisions

A cancer dogma states that inactivation of oncogene(s) can cause cancer remission, implying that oncogenes are the Achilles' heel of cancers. This current model of cancer has kept oncogenes firmly in focus as therapeutic targets and is in agreement with the fact that in human cancers all cancerous cells, with independence of the cellular heterogeneity existing within the tumour, carry the same oncogenic genetic lesions. However, recent studies of the interactions between an oncogene and its target cell have shown that oncogenes contribute to cancer development via developmental reprogramming of the epigenome within the target cell. These results provide the first evidence that carcinogenesis can be initiated by epigenetic stem cell reprogramming, and uncover a new role for oncogenes in the origin of cancer. Here we analyse these evidences and discuss how this vision offers new avenues for developing novel anti-cancer interventions.Research in our group is partially supported by FEDER and by MICINN (SAF2012-32810), by NIH grant (R01 CA109335-04A1), by the ARIMMORA project (FP7-ENV-2011, European Union Seventh Framework Program), by Junta de Castilla y Leon (BIO/SA06/13), and by the Deutsche José Carreras Leukämie-Stiftung (DJCLS project 13/26). All Spanish funding is co-sponsored by the European Union FEDER program. ISG is an API lab of the EuroSyStem project and a partner within the Marie Curie Initial Training Network DECIDE (Decision-making within cells and differentiation entity therapies) funded by the European Union’s Seventh Programme under grant agreement n° 315902.Peer Reviewe