13,498 research outputs found
Dynamical variables in Gauge-Translational Gravity
Assuming that the natural gauge group of gravity is given by the group of
isometries of a given space, for a maximally symmetric space we derive a model
in which gravity is essentially a gauge theory of translations. Starting from
first principles we verify that a nonlinear realization of the symmetry
provides the general structure of this gauge theory, leading to a simple choice
of dynamical variables of the gravity field corresponding, at first order, to a
diagonal matrix, whereas the non-diagonal elements contribute only to higher
orders.Comment: 15 page
Social security, retirement, and the single-mindedness of the electorate
We propose a positive theory that is consistent with two important features of social security programs around the world: (1) they redistribute income from young to old and (2) they induce retirement. We construct a voting model that includes a âpolitical campaignâ or âdebateâ prior to the election. The model incorporates âsingle-mindednessâ of the groups that do not work: while the workers divide their political capital between their âage concernsâ and âoccupational concernsâ, the retired concentrate all their political capital to support their age group. In our model, the elderly end up getting transfers from the government (paid by the young) and distortionary labor income taxes induce the retirement of the elderly. In addition, our model predicts that occupational groups that work more will tend to have more political power. The opposite is true for non-occupational groups (such as the elderly). We provide some evidence that supports these additional predictions.Social Security, retirement, retirement incentives, single-mindedness, political theories of Social Security
On The spectrum of a Noncommutative Formulation of the D=11 Supermembrane with Winding
A regularized model of the double compactified D=11 supermembrane with
nontrivial winding in terms of SU(N) valued maps is obtained. The condition of
nontrivial winding is described in terms of a nontrivial line bundle introduced
in the formulation of the compactified supermembrane. The multivalued
geometrical objects of the model related to the nontrivial wrapping are
described in terms of a SU(N) geometrical object which in the
limit, converges to the symplectic connection related to the area preserving
diffeomorphisms of the recently obtained non-commutative description of the
compactified D=11 supermembrane.(I. Martin, J.Ovalle, A. Restuccia. 2000,2001)
The SU(N) regularized canonical lagrangian is explicitly obtained. In the limit it converges to the lagrangian in (I.Martin, J.Ovalle,
A.Restuccia. 2000,2001) subject to the nontrivial winding condition. The
spectrum of the hamiltonian of the double compactified D=11 supermembrane is
discussed.
Generically, it contains local string like spikes with zero energy.
However the sector of the theory corresponding to a principle bundle
characterized by the winding number , described by the SU(N) model we
propose, is shown to have no local string-like spikes and hence the spectrum of
this sector should be discrete.Comment: 16 pages.Latex2
Uso de las proteĂnas de reserva de megagametofito como marcador de la diversidad genĂ©tica en Abies pinsapo
El pinsapo (Abies pinsapo Boiss.) se localiza exclusivamente en el sur de España, en las comarcas
de CĂĄdiz y MĂĄlaga, donde ocupa unas 5.000 ha. Diversos factores como la presencia de plagas
y el decaimiento de las masas, de origen aĂșn no determinado, hacen temer por el futuro de la especie.
A todo ello hay que sumar la circunstancia de que es posible que se esté produciendo un estrechamiento
de la base genética de la especie, debido a problemas de consanguinidad y deriva
genética. Por esta razón, el desarrollo de una estrategia de conservación de la especie exige la evaluación
de su diversidad genĂ©tica. En este estudio, se han analizado la posibilidad de utilizar las proteĂnas
del megagametofito de pinsapo como marcador de la diversidad genética de las masas de esta
especie. La fracciĂłn albĂșminas ha mostrado la existencia de polimorfismo. Un anĂĄlisis preliminar
efectuado en 27 ĂĄrboles, permitiĂł identificar mĂĄs de 41 bandas de las que, al menos 12 son polimĂłrficas
entre ĂĄrboles y 8 dentro de ĂĄrboles. Este resultado permite ser optimista sobre la posibilidad de
emplear este marcador con la finalidad señalad
Influence of general convective motions on the exterior of isolated rotating bodies in equilibrium
The problem of describing isolated rotating bodies in equilibrium in General
Relativity has so far been treated under the assumption of the circularity
condition in the interior of the body. For a fluid without energy flux, this
condition implies that the fluid flow moves only along the angular direction,
i.e. there is no convection. Using this simplification, some recent studies
have provided us with uniqueness and existence results for asymptotically flat
vacuum exterior fields given the interior sources. Here, the generalisation of
the problem to include general sources is studied. It is proven that the
convective motions have no direct influence on the exterior field, and hence,
that the aforementioned results on uniqueness and existence of exterior fields
apply equally in the general case.Comment: 8 pages, LaTex, uses iopart style files. To appear in Class. Quatum
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Memory effect in triglycine sulfate induced by a transverse electric field: specific heat measurement
The influence of a transverse electric field in the specific heat of
triglycine sulphate (TGS) has been studied. The specific heat of TGS has been
measured heating the sample from ferroelectric to paraelectric phase after
prolonged transverse electric field (i.e. perpendicular to the ferroelectric
axis). It is shown that the specific heat of TGS can remember the temperature
at which the transverse field was previously applied.Comment: ReVTeX4 Twocolumn 4 pages, 4 figure
On the Analysis of the Contact Conditions in Temporomandibular Joint Prostheses
Temporomandibular joint replacement (TMJR) is a complex surgical procedure in which the artificial joints available must assure the anatomical reconstruction and guarantee a good range of the natural temporomandibular joint (TMJ) movements. With this aim, different types of TMJ prostheses, including the stock prosthetic system and custom-made prostheses, are being currently implanted. Although temporomandibular joint replacements (TMJRs) are expected to accomplish their function during a number of years, they might actually fail and need to be replaced. This paper analyzes different design factors affecting the contact stress distributions within the TMJ prosthesis interface, which are consequently involved in their deterioration and final failure of the prosthetic device. With this purpose, a numerical model based on finite elements has been carried out in order to evaluate the stress states attained in different prosthesis configurations corresponding to general types of TMJ prostheses. On the other hand, the actual degradation of resected implants has been evaluated via optical microscopy. The linkage between the numerical simulations performed and experimental evidence allowed the authors to establish the different wear and damage mechanisms involved in the failure of stock TMJ prostheses. Indeed, the results obtained show that the contact stresses at the interface between the mandible and the glenoid fossa components play a key role in the failure process of the TMJR devices
Entanglement of Dirac fields in an expanding spacetime
We study the entanglement generated between Dirac modes in a 2-dimensional
conformally flat Robertson-Walker universe. We find radical qualitative
differences between the bosonic and fermionic entanglement generated by the
expansion. The particular way in which fermionic fields get entangled encodes
more information about the underlying space-time than the bosonic case, thereby
allowing us to reconstruct the parameters of the history of the expansion. This
highlights the importance of bosonic/fermionic statistics to account for
relativistic effects on the entanglement of quantum fields.Comment: revtex4, 7 figures, I.F. previously published as Fuentes-Guridi and
Fuentes-Schuller. Journal reference update
Universal Conductance Distributions in the Crossover between Diffusive and Localization Regimes
The full distribution of the conductance in quasi-one-dimensional
wires with rough surfaces is analyzed from the diffusive to the localization
regime. In the crossover region, where the statistics is dominated by only one
or two eigenchannels, the numerically obtained P(G) is found to be independent
of the details of the system with the average conductance as the only
scaling parameter. For < e^2/h, P(G) is given by an essentially
``one-sided'' log-normal distribution. In contrast, for e^2/h <= 2e^2/h,
the shape of P(G) remarkable agrees with those predicted by random matrix
theory for two fluctuating transmission eigenchannels.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Let
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