Dual training in Europe: A policy fad or a policy turn?

History and International Relation

Contextual factors and prejudice at the beginning of the migrant influx: The Moroccan case in Seville, Spain

Studies addressing contextual factors associated with anti‐immigrant prejudice have focused on out‐group size and rapid demographic changes in receiving locations. However, the territorial concentration and distribution of ethnic minorities at a local and intraurban level has received little attention. We analyse the relationship between emerging territorial concentration points—alongside other contextual variables—by Moroccans and receiving society's growing prejudice towards them in a city experiencing the start of a migrant influx. We combine survey and census data from five Seville districts (southern Spain). Our results show how rapid changes in the general population's ethnic composition, coupled with Moroccan and economic migrants' territorial concentration, correlate strongly with negative attitudes towards Moroccans at this early stage. However, a weaker relationship between the immigrant percentage and degree of prejudice by the receiving group is observed. We also discuss guidelines for ensuring good, local diversity management to prevent socioterritorial fragmentation in multicultural cities.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad de España CSO2014‐55780‐C3‐1‐PMinisterio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad de España SEJ2006-14470Junta de Andalucí

Social Models for Dealing with Inequalities

Production of INCASI Project H2020-MSCA-RISE-2015 GA 691004This chapter compares social models in Europe and Latin America. The goal is to study the interaction between two institutions: on the one hand, pre-distributive (ex ante) institutions, such as the structure and coverage of collective bargaining and, on the other hand, post-distributive (ex post) institutions, such as unemployment protection and social policy. Pre-distributive institutions are important for correcting inequalities in the labour market, because they introduce guidelines for egalitarian wage structures. Post-distributive institutions help to mitigate inequalities generated in the labour market. The methodology is based on statistical analysis of a series of indicators related to pre and post-distributive policies. The results present three types of model: (1) coordinated economies, typical of neo-corporatist Scandinavian countries; (2) mixed economies, typical of Mediterranean systems, and (3) uncoordinated economies, which equate to liberalism and the Latin American 'structural heterogeneity' model. It is neo-corporatist coordinated economies that generate the most pre and post-distributive equality. In turn, uncoordinated economies, and Latin American ones in particular, generate more inequalities due to highly informal employment and the weakness of their post-distributive institutions

Comparing inequalities in the labour market from a segmentation perspective

Production of INCASI Project H2020-MSCA-RISE-2015 GA 691004The purpose of this chapter is to carry out a comparative analysis of labour markets in Europe and Latin America from the perspective of segmentation in order to explain the processes of social inequality that arise in the workplace, in light of recent trends in global socio-economic changes. The chapter proposes two main objectives. The first is to perform a comparative descriptive analysis of the main features of labour markets among 60 European and Latin American countries. The second objective is to propose a model of comparative analysis of labour inequality from the theoretical perspective of the segmentation of the labour market and structural heterogeneity. We will focus our analysis by selecting two countries, Spain and Argentina, which both underwent a late development of capitalism. The following general hypothesis is formulated: Spain and Argentina, having clearly differentiated features in economic structure, level of development, institutional frameworks and socio-historical processes, show common dynamics in the structuring of the capitalist labour market between a primary and secondary segment. Using equivalent databases on the workforce a typology of segmentation of employment is constructed that show, in addition to the specificities of each country, the similarities in the structuring of the labour market

Pension systems compared : a polarised perspective, a diverse reality

Production of INCASI Project H2020-MSCA-RISE-2015 GA 691004Globalisation and international competition have a spillover effect on the reforms of pension systems that imposes a similar pattern of dismantling, hardening access to pensions, reducing expenditure and retrenchment in said reforms. The comparative analysis of four countries with different pension systems: two liberal (United Kingdom and Chile) and another two with contributory-proportional systems (Spain and Argentina) serves to determine the details of the reform processes, which discursively seem to have a shared pattern recommended by the international financial and economic institutions. But the reality of the four case studies shows considerable differences in the implementation of the pension reform policies. The reforms depend on the societal context, institutions, history, the role of unions, the government in power, demographic factors and economic perspectives, among other matters. Many countries need to sustain pension systems because they are associated with many pensioners' political vote. Therefore, the spillover effect of globalisation and the convergence in certain uniform patterns of reforms is far from reality in the four countries, and as such, the measures adopted are specific for each country

Unemployment benefits : discursive convergence, distant realities

Production of INCASI Project H2020-MSCA-RISE-2015 GA 691004Unemployment protection systems have certain characteristics in common in Argentina, Uruguay, Spain and Italy: they are compulsory and contributory-proportional, although in Uruguay, it also has a capitalisation supplement. Despite the similarities, they work differently because the context of informal employment chiefly, and unemployment, low salaries and precariousness differ greatly. Consequently, the unemployment protection coverage rate varies. Theories of the Active Welfare State, the Investor State and the reforms of unemployment protection systems have led to a certain modernising language being adopted in these countries: activation, employability, conditionality, lifelong learning, flexibility, which are, among others, words shared with Europe. However, the meanings of these words differ according to the institutional context of each country. In Latin America the welfare state is low institutionalised even almost non-existent, while in Europe it is a diverse institution. Despite this, the four countries share an upward trend in benefit policies, in accordance with the increase in poverty risk

Hemitiroidectomía mediante videoendoscopia, experiencia en el Hospital "Hermanos Ameijeiras": an experience from "Hermanos Ameijeiras" Clinical Surgical Hospital Hemithyroidectomy by videoendoscopy

INTRODUCCIÓN: se presentan las 4 primeras pacientes operadas de hemitiroidectomía videoendoscópica en el Hospital "Hermanos Ameijeiras", para introducir una técnica que elimine la cicatriz en el cuello de los(as) pacientes que necesitan un tratamiento quirúrgico por una enfermedad tiroidea. MÉTODOS: se escogieron 4 pacientes con nódulos benignos del tiroides menores de 3 cm, remitidas para tratamiento quirúrgico por el servicio de endocrinología de nuestro centro, de enero a junio de 2009. Se les explicó en detalles el proceder y firmaron un consentimiento informado para participar en el estudio. RESULTADOS: en las 4 pacientes se pudo realizar la operación planificada, el promedio de tiempo quirúrgico fue de 2,9 h. El efecto cosmético fue mayor en las pacientes 2, 3 y 4 al no quedar ninguna cicatriz en el cuello. La laringoscopia posoperatoria demostró movilidad normal de las cuerdas vocales en las 4 pacientes. CONCLUSIONES: la cirugía videoendoscópica del tiroides es una realidad que no podemos obviar, y realmente tiene un único impacto demostrado hasta el momento actual, que es la posibilidad de eliminar la cicatriz residual en el cuello que tanto preocupa a los(as) pacientes jóvenes.INTRODUCTION: these are the cases of the first patients operated on of Hemithyroidectomy by videoendoscopy in "Hermanos Ameijeiras" Clinical Surgical Hospital to introduce a technique eliminating the neck scar of patients needing surgical treatment by thyroid disease. METHODS: four patients presenting with benign thyroid nodules referred to surgical treatment by Endocrinology service of our institution from January to June, 2009. Procedure was explained in details and they signed the informed consent to participate in study. RESULTS: in four patients it was possible to perform the planned operation; the surgical time average was of 2, 9 hr. Cosmetic effect was greater in patients 2, 3 and 4 without neck scar. Postoperative laryngoscopy showed a normal motility of vocal cords in the four patients. CONCLUSIONS: thyroid videoendoscopy surgery is a reality that cannot be obviated and with a unique impact proved until present time that is the possibility to eliminate the neck residual scar so worrying for young patients

Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention to improve medication adherence in people with depressive disorders - MAPDep: a study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial

Tasmania del Pino-Sedeño,1,2 Wenceslao Peñate,1 Carlos de las Cuevas,3 Cristina Valcarcel-Nazco,2,4 Ascensión Fumero,1 Pedro Guillermo Serrano-Pérez,5,6 Francisco Javier Acosta Artiles,7 Vanesa Ramos García,4 Beatriz León Salas,4 Daniel Bejarano-Quisoboni,8 María M Trujillo-Martín2,4 1Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology, University of La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain; 2Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), Madrid, Spain; 3Department of Internal Medicine, Dermatology and Psychiatry, University of La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain; 4Canary Islands Foundation of Health Research (FUNCANIS), Canary Islands, Spain; 5Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d’ Hebron, Catalonia, Spain; 6Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; 7Service of Mental Health, General Health Care Programs Direction, Canary Health Service, Canary Islands, Spain; 8Center for Public Health Research (CSISP-FISABIO), Valencia, Spain Purpose: Depression is a widespread mental disorder which can be treated effectively. However, low adherence to antidepressants is very common. The study of medication adherence in depression (MAPDep study) assesses the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a multicomponent strategy to enhance adherence toward medications in patients with depression.Intervention: The intervention is a multicomponent one consisting of an educational program for psychiatrists and/or a collaborative care program for patients and relatives, plus a reminder system that works through the use of an already available high-quality medication reminder application.Study design: MAPDep study is an open, multicenter, four-arm cluster randomized controlled trial. The clusters are mental health units where psychiatrists are invited to participate. The clusters are randomly allocated to one of the three interventions or to usual care (control arm). Patients (18–65 years of age) diagnosed with depressive disorder, those taking antidepressant medication for an existing diagnosis of depression, and mobile phone users are selected. In group 1, only patients and relatives receive intervention; in group 2, only psychiatrists receive intervention; and in group 3, patients/relatives and psychiatrists receive intervention. The primary outcome is adherence to the antidepressant drug. The calculated sample size is 400 patients. To examine changes across time, generalized linear mixed model with repeated measures will be used. A cost-effectiveness analysis will be conducted. The effectiveness measure is quality-adjusted life years. Deterministic sensitivity analyses are planned.Conclusion: MAPDep study aims to assess a multicomponent strategy to improve adherence toward medications in patients with depression, based not only on clinical effectiveness but also on cost-effectiveness. This methodology will enhance the transferability of the expected results beyond mental health services (patients and psychiatrists) to health care policy decision making.Clinical trial identifier: NCT03668457. Keywords: depression, medication adherence, education, behavior modification, mobile phone technology, cost-effectivenes