Neural crest derived progenitor cells contribute to tumor stroma and aggressiveness in stage 4/M neuroblastoma

Pediatric tumors arise upon oncogenic transformation of stem/progenitor cells during embryonic development. Given this scenario, the existence of non-tumorigenic stem cells included within the aberrant tumoral niche, with a potential role in tumor biology, is an intriguing and unstudied possibility. Here, we describe the presence and function of non-tumorigenic neural crest-derived progenitor cells in aggressive neuroblastoma (NB) tumors. These cells differentiate into neural crest typical mesectodermal derivatives, giving rise to tumor stroma and promoting proliferation and tumor aggressiveness. Furthermore, an analysis of gene expression profiles in stage 4/M NB revealed a neural crest stem cell (NCSC) gene signature that was associated to stromal phenotype and high probability of relapse. Thus, this NCSC gene expression signature could be used in prognosis to improve stratification of stage 4/M NB tumors. Our results might facilitate the design of new therapies by targeting NCSCs and their contribution to tumor stroma.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad RP; Grant: SAF2013-48535-P y SAF2016- 80412-

The Relationship Between the Site of Metastases and Outcome in Children With Stage IV Wilms Tumor: Data From 3 European Pediatric Cancer Institutions

The aim of this study was to analyze in detail the site of metastasis of stage 4 Wilms tumor (WT) and its correlation with outcome. The databases from 3 major European pediatric cancer institutions were screened for children with WT between 1994 and 2011. Of 208 children identified, 31 (14.9%) had metastases at diagnosis. The lung was affected in 29 children (93.5%) and the liver in 6 children (19.4%). Twenty-seven children (87.1%) had metastases isolated to 1 organ, with the lung being the most common site (80.7%). Five-year overall survival was significantly better in those children with distant disease in either lung or liver (95.8%) compared with those affected in both lung and liver (57.1%, P=0.028). Further, prognostic markers were the response of metastases to preoperative chemotherapy (P=0.0138), high-risk histology (P=0.024), and local stage (P=0.026). Five-year overall survival was 82.1% and 5-year event-free survival was 67.9%. The overall follow-up time was 74.1 and 87.2 (2 to 151) months among survivors, and the treatment-related complication rate was 16.7%. In conclusion, in our series of stage 4 WT, prognosis was excellent if histology was favorable, metastatic disease was isolated to either lungs or liver, and if metastases responded to preoperative chemotherapy

The Relationship Between the Site of Metastases and Outcome in Children With Stage IV Wilms Tumor: Data From 3 European Pediatric Cancer Institutions

The aim of this study was to analyze in detail the site of metastasis of stage 4 Wilms tumor (WT) and its correlation with outcome. The databases from 3 major European pediatric cancer institutions were screened for children with WT between 1994 and 2011. Of 208 children identified, 31 (14.9%) had metastases at diagnosis. The lung was affected in 29 children (93.5%) and the liver in 6 children (19.4%). Twenty-seven children (87.1%) had metastases isolated to 1 organ, with the lung being the most common site (80.7%). Five-year overall survival was significantly better in those children with distant disease in either lung or liver (95.8%) compared with those affected in both lung and liver (57.1%, P=0.028). Further, prognostic markers were the response of metastases to preoperative chemotherapy (P=0.0138), high-risk histology (P=0.024), and local stage (P=0.026). Five-year overall survival was 82.1% and 5-year event-free survival was 67.9%. The overall follow-up time was 74.1 and 87.2 (2 to 151) months among survivors, and the treatment-related complication rate was 16.7%. In conclusion, in our series of stage 4 WT, prognosis was excellent if histology was favorable, metastatic disease was isolated to either lungs or liver, and if metastases responded to preoperative chemotherapy

The 'Survivorship Passport' for childhood cancer survivors

Background: Currently, there are between 300,000 and 500,000 childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) in Europe. A significant proportion is at high risk, and at least 60% of them develop adverse health-related outcomes that can appear several years after treatment completion. Many survivors are unaware of their personal risk, and there seems to be a general lack of information among healthcare providers about pathophysiology and natural history of treatment-related complications. This can generate incorrect or delayed diagnosis and treatments. Method: The Survivorship Passport (SurPass) consists of electronic documents, which summarise the clinical history of the childhood or adolescent cancer survivor. It was developed by paediatric oncologists of the PanCare and SIOPE networks and IT experts of Cineca, together with parents, patients, and survivors' organisations within the European Union–funded European Network for Cancer research in Children and Adolescents. It consists of a template of a web-based, simply written document, translatable in all European languages, to be given to each CCS. The SurPass provides a summary of each survivor's clinical history, with detailed information about the original cancer and of treatments received, together with personalised follow-up and screening recommendations based on guidelines published by the International Guidelines Harmonization Group and PanCareSurFup. Results: The SurPass data schema contains a maximum of 168 variables and uses internationally approved nomenclature, except for radiotherapy fields, where a new classification was defined by radiotherapy experts. The survivor-specific screening recommendations are mainly based on treatment received and are automatically suggested, thanks to built-in algorithms. These may be adapted and further individualised by the treating physician in case of special disease and survivor circumstances. The SurPass was tested at the Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Italy, and received positive feedback. It is now being integrated at the institutional, regional and national level. Conclusions: The SurPass is potentially an essential tool for improved and more harmonised follow-up of CCS. It also has the potential to be a useful tool for empowering CCSs to be responsible for their own well-being and preventing adverse events whenever possible. With sufficient commitment on the European level, this solution should increase the capacity to respond more effectively to the needs of European CCS

Psicología: aspectos fundamentales de la formación y la profesión

El aspecto de la práctica clínica ha sido abordado primeramente por la doctora Córdoba Basulto, desde la experiencia, y de manera muy breve profundiza en el ámbito de la Psicología de la salud, rescata y enfatiza el aspecto de la atención e intervención al paciente de urología, colocándolo en la parte de sujeto y no de enfermedad. Nuevamente señalando el trabajo multidisciplinario donde cada agente contribuye con la atención. Desde una perspectiva meramente clínica y específicamente con la experiencia del psicoanálisis, Márquez, Guadarrama, López y Huitrón nos permiten observar la postura de la adolescencia en el proceso terapéutico, indicando que la mejor forma de tratar a un adolescente no es lo individual, ni lo familiar, sino lo grupal.Este libro es una compilación de aportaciones que permiten observar el estado actual de la psicología en México, permitiendo vislumbrar los retos reales que no solamente tienen los alumnos que asumir en su formación profesional, sino todos aquellos que se encuentran laborando en esta basta disciplina. En este sentido, el mundo globalizado y el empleo exagerado de la tecnología se convierten en nuevas exigencias que propician a su vez nuevas formas, no sólo de atención, sino de estudio e investigación que le permitan la comprensión del comportamiento humano. La Psicología mexicana en los últimos años ha dejado de ser dogmática para convertirse en una ciencia amplia y de visión, lo que le ha permitido incursionar en nuevos campos de conocimiento como el de la psicología de la salud o de la psicología criminal. Es decir ha dejado de ser una psicología de diagnóstico y clínica para convertirse en una ciencia que asume al individuo como un ser social, complejo o bien como algunos ya lo han señalado como un ente psicosociobiológico

Analisis Clinico de la expresion de la maternidad en cuatro mujeres

[email protected]

Estudio Comparativo de Perfiles Metabólicos Minerales en Lecherías de dos Regiones de Nariño

Titulo en ingles:  A comparative study of metabolic mineral profiles on dairy farms from two regions in Nariño department.RESUMEN: El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar la concentración de calcio (Ca), fosforo (P) y magnesia (Mg) en sangre de vacas lecheras en el periodo seco, posparto y pico de la producción en dos regiones de altura en Nariño, Colombia. Se evaluaron 351 vacas Holstein de ganaderías ubicadas entre 2600 y 3200 msnm de Pasto y Guachucal - Tuquerres. Los pastos que se encontraron en las praderas fueron: Kikuyo (Pennisetum clandestinum), Azul orchoro (Dactylis glomerata), Rye grass (Lolium sp), Falsa Poa – Saboya (Holcus lanatus), trébol rojo (Trifolium pratense ) y trébol blanco (Trifolium repens). Los animales fueron divididos en tres grupos de acuerdo a su estado productivo (periodo seco, inicio y pico de lactancia). Se determinó la concentración de Ca, P y Mg por colorimetría. Los datos fueron sometidos a estadística descriptiva. En Pasto los niveles de Ca (1,94 mmol/L) en los tres estados productivos tuvieron promedios inferiores al valor considerado como promedio referencial. En Guachucal-Tuquerres la concentración de Ca fue mayor (2,3 mmol/L). A diferencia de los resultados observados para Ca, no se encontraron diferencias para la concentración de P (1,81 mmol/L) y Mg (1,03 mmol/L) según la región, estado productivo o número de partos de la vaca (P>0,05). Los resultados de este estudio permiten concluir que las concentraciones de fósforo y magnesio se mantuvieron dentro del rango referencial, lo que indica que en el periodo de transición en vacas clínicamente sanas, tanto el aporte como el mecanismo homeostático que regula su concentración sanguínea, son adecuados y permiten concentraciones séricas compatibles con un balance metabólico nutricional óptimo en la vaca. Sin embargo, los valores para calcio difieren entre la región de Pasto y Guachucal –Tuquerres, lo que refleja cambios en el manejo nutricional de las vacas.Palabras claves: Calcio, fosforo, magnesio, Holstein.ABSTRACT:  The present study was aimed at assessing the calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) concentration in the blood of dairy cows from two areas of the Nariño department, Colombia, during dry, postpartum and peak production periods; 351 Holstein cows were evaluated from herds grazing at 2,600 to 3,200 metres above sea level in Pasto and Tuquerres Guachucal. The types of pasture found on the farms were kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata), rye grass (Lolium sp), Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), red clover (Trifolium pratense) and white clover (Trifolium repens). The cows were divided into three groups according to their production state (dry period, beginning and peak lactation). Colorimetry was used for determining Ca, P and Mg concentration in blood and descriptive statistics were used for presenting the results. Average Ca levels (1.94 mmol/L) in cows from Pasto regarding the three production states were considered to be below the average reference value; average Ca concentration (2.3 mmol/L) was higher in Guachucal-Tuquerres. Unlike the results observed for Ca, no differences were found for P (1.81 mmol/L) or Mg concentration (1.03 mmol/L) by region, production status or number of calvings (p>0.05). This study’s results thus led to concluding that phosphorus and magnesium concentrations came within the reference range, indicating that clinically-healthy cows’ transition period (regarding both input and the homeostatic mechanism regulating their blood levels) were suitable and ensured serum concentrations compatible with optimal nutritional metabolic profiles and mineral balance in the cows in question. However, there were differences in calcium values regarding the Pasto and Guachucal-Tuquerres areas, reflecting changes in these cows’ nutritional management.Key words: Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, Holstein.Titulo en ingles:  A comparative study of metabolic mineral profiles on dairy farms from two regions in Nariño department.RESUMEN: El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar la concentración de calcio (Ca), fosforo (P) y magnesia (Mg) en sangre de vacas lecheras en el periodo seco, posparto y pico de la producción en dos regiones de altura en Nariño, Colombia. Se evaluaron 351 vacas Holstein de ganaderías ubicadas entre 2600 y 3200 msnm de Pasto y Guachucal - Tuquerres. Los pastos que se encontraron en las praderas fueron: Kikuyo (Pennisetum clandestinum), Azul orchoro (Dactylis glomerata), Rye grass (Lolium sp), Falsa Poa – Saboya (Holcus lanatus), trébol rojo (Trifolium pratense ) y trébol blanco (Trifolium repens). Los animales fueron divididos en tres grupos de acuerdo a su estado productivo (periodo seco, inicio y pico de lactancia). Se determinó la concentración de Ca, P y Mg por colorimetría. Los datos fueron sometidos a estadística descriptiva. En Pasto los niveles de Ca (1,94 mmol/L) en los tres estados productivos tuvieron promedios inferiores al valor considerado como promedio referencial. En Guachucal-Tuquerres la concentración de Ca fue mayor (2,3 mmol/L). A diferencia de los resultados observados para Ca, no se encontraron diferencias para la concentración de P (1,81 mmol/L) y Mg (1,03 mmol/L) según la región, estado productivo o número de partos de la vaca (P>0,05). Los resultados de este estudio permiten concluir que las concentraciones de fósforo y magnesio se mantuvieron dentro del rango referencial, lo que indica que en el periodo de transición en vacas clínicamente sanas, tanto el aporte como el mecanismo homeostático que regula su concentración sanguínea, son adecuados y permiten concentraciones séricas compatibles con un balance metabólico nutricional óptimo en la vaca. Sin embargo, los valores para calcio difieren entre la región de Pasto y Guachucal –Tuquerres, lo que refleja cambios en el manejo nutricional de las vacas.Palabras claves: Calcio, fosforo, magnesio, Holstein.ABSTRACT:  The present study was aimed at assessing the calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) concentration in the blood of dairy cows from two areas of the Nariño department, Colombia, during dry, postpartum and peak production periods; 351 Holstein cows were evaluated from herds grazing at 2,600 to 3,200 metres above sea level in Pasto and Tuquerres Guachucal. The types of pasture found on the farms were kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata), rye grass (Lolium sp), Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), red clover (Trifolium pratense) and white clover (Trifolium repens). The cows were divided into three groups according to their production state (dry period, beginning and peak lactation). Colorimetry was used for determining Ca, P and Mg concentration in blood and descriptive statistics were used for presenting the results. Average Ca levels (1.94 mmol/L) in cows from Pasto regarding the three production states were considered to be below the average reference value; average Ca concentration (2.3 mmol/L) was higher in Guachucal-Tuquerres. Unlike the results observed for Ca, no differences were found for P (1.81 mmol/L) or Mg concentration (1.03 mmol/L) by region, production status or number of calvings (p>0.05). This study’s results thus led to concluding that phosphorus and magnesium concentrations came within the reference range, indicating that clinically-healthy cows’ transition period (regarding both input and the homeostatic mechanism regulating their blood levels) were suitable and ensured serum concentrations compatible with optimal nutritional metabolic profiles and mineral balance in the cows in question. However, there were differences in calcium values regarding the Pasto and Guachucal-Tuquerres areas, reflecting changes in these cows’ nutritional management.Key words: Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, Holstein