EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HUMAN VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS IN THE STATE OF PIAUÍ, BRAZIL (2007-2017)

Abstract: Background: Visceral leishmaniasis presents considerable expansion in urban centers in state of Piauí, its occurrence is marked by successive records of outbreaks. Objective: to analyze the reported cases of human visceral leishmaniasis in Piauí, between the years 2007 to 2017. Methods: The data were obtained from Notifiable Diseases Information System (Sinan-Datasus), variables were analyzed according to the Sinan registry. Results: 2,447 cases were reported, of which 2,265 autochthonous cases (92.56%). The conclusive diagnosis was made in 86.6% of the cases. The year with the highest record (283 cases) was 2014, also the annual lethality rate was 14.1%. Positive cases were registered in residents of 183 municipalities (81.7%). The capital Teresina presents the highest number of cases in residents (734, 30%) and notification (1,859, 75,97%). Male (66.30%) were the most affected and individuals under 10 years old (43.44%). Regarding education, the classification “does not apply” (39.84%) was the most prevalent, as well as race / brown color (88.27%) and the urban residential area (67.63%). Conclusion: Epidemiological assay, provides knowledge about the real epidemiological situation in state of Piauí, such as profile characterization, frequency of cases occurrence, assisting in actions for control and eradication of the disease in the state

Agregação de valor a Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. da região do Cariri, Ceará: composição fenólica e potencial antioxidante / Value aggregation to Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. of the Cariri Region, Ceará: phenolic composition and antioxidant potential

As plantas vêm ganhando destaque como fontes de antioxidantes naturais, Assim, o presente estudo objetivou determinar o conteúdo de fenoís totais de diferentes extratos (hexano, acetato de etíla, etanol e água) das folhas, flores, frutos e sementes de mutamba (Guazuma ulmifolia Lam) e avaliar a atividade antioxidante dessa espécie típica da região do Cariri, Ceará. Foi realizada a quantificação de fenóis totais pelo métido de Folin-Ciocalteu e atividade antioxidante foi avaliada pelos métodos de DPPH e ABTS+•. Os resultados mostram que mutamba é uma espécie rica em compostos fenólicos, sendo os extratos da flor os que apresentaram maior conteúdo deste metabólito e atividade antioxidadante semelhante ao BHT, tornando-se um produto promissor para prevenir o estresse oxidativo

Programa de extensão formação de educadores e educação sexual: interfaces com as tecnologias - etapa VII

Trabalho apresentado no 31º SEURS - Seminário de Extensão Universitária da Região Sul, realizado em Florianópolis, SC, no período de 04 a 07 de agosto de 2013 - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina.O presente texto contextualiza o Programa de Extensão Formação de Educadores e Educação Sexual: interfaces com as tecnologias – Etapa VII que acontece há sete anos no Centro de Educação a Distância – CEAD na Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - UDESC. Também explicita as três ações atualmente desenvolvidas pelo Programa, com ênfase no Laboratório Educação e Sexualidade - LabEduSex, ação de extensão iniciada neste ano de 2013. A caracterização do Laboratório e as atividades desenvolvidas no primeiro semestre de 2013 serão o foco deste texto

Free radical scavenging activity of ethanol leaves extracts of Anacardiaceae

Free radicals are responsible for causing many chronic and degenerative diseases. Antioxidants are substances capable of scavenging free radicals and preventing cell damage. In this context, antioxidant activity of alcoholic extracts from leaves of Anacardium occidentale and Myracrodruon urundeuva was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl DPPH and 2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethyl-benzothiazolin- 6-sulfonic acid) ABTS methods. Phenolic content and phytochemical analysis were performed for each species. Results showed that both species exhibited free radical scavenging activity. These results are directly related to high phenolic content found in the extracts. M. urundeuva showed antioxidant activity similar to butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) and could be considered a promising plant source of natural antioxidant

Cará Moela (Dioascorea bulbifera): estudo fisíco-quìmico e avaliação fitoquímica / Cará Moela (Dioascorea bulbifera): physical-chemical study and phytochemical evaluation

As plantas produzem uma larga e diversa ordem de componentes orgânicos divididos em metabólitos primários e secundários. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a caracterização físico-química do fruto do cará moela (Dioascorea bulbifera). Analisou-se umidade, resíduos minerais, pH, sólidos solúveis totais, acidez total titulável e vitamina C e realizou-se ainda a caracterização dos metabólitos secundários (antocianinas e antocianidinas, flavonóis e xantonas, flavonas, chalconas e auronas, flavanonóis, leucoantocianidinas, catequinas (taninos catéquicos), fenóis, taninos pirogálicos, alcalóides, purinas, saponinas e polissacarídeos).  Os resultados demonstraram que o cará moela possui  68,4% de umidade, 1,55% de cinzas, 2,94 mg/g de vitamina C, 4,1% de sólidos solúveis totais e um pH de 6,1. Foram encontrados resultados positivos para a presença de flavonas, catequinas (taninos catéquicos), alcalóides, saponinas e polissacarídeos

Investigating the role of symptom valorisation in tuberculosis patient delay in urban areas in Portugal

URBANTB group: Patrícia Soares (Representative of the consortium), Mário Carreira, Sofia Pereira, Catarina Alves, Filipe Alves, Ana Rodrigues, Ana Moreira, Márcia Cardoso, Sandra Mota, Ana Gomes, Liliana Ferreira, Marta Lopes, Isabel Correia, Juan Rachadell, Maria Gameiro, Ângela Dias, Manuel Pereira, Jorge Gonçalves, Maria Gonçalves, Adriana Taveira, Celene Neves, Lucinda Silva, Maria Mendes, Maria Teixeira, Maria Pereira, Milena Piedade, Antónia Teixeira & Carlos Carvalho.Background: Diagnosis delay contributes to increased tuberculosis (TB) transmission and morbimortality. TB incidence has been decreasing in Portugal, but median patient delay (PD) has risen. Symptom valorisation may determine PD by influencing help-seeking behaviour. We aimed to analyse the association between symptom valorisation and PD, while characterising individuals who disregarded their symptoms. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among TB patients in Lisbon and Oporto in 2019 - 2021. Subjects who delayed seeking care because they did not value their symptoms or thought these would go away on their own were considered to have disregarded their symptoms. PD was categorised using a 21-day cut-off, and a 30-day cut-off for sensitivity analysis. We estimated the effect of symptom valorisation on PD through a directed acyclic graph. Then, a multivariable regression analysis characterised patients that disregarded their symptoms, adjusting for relevant variables. We fitted Poisson regression models to estimate crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR). Results: The study included 75 patients. Median PD was 25 days (IQR 11.5-63.5), and 56.0% of participants had PD exceeding 21 days. Symptom disregard was reported by 38.7% of patients. Patients who did not value their symptoms had higher prevalence of PD exceeding 21 days compared to those who valued their symptoms [PR 1.59 (95% CI 1.05-2.42)]. The sensitivity analysis showed consistent point estimates but wider confidence intervals [PR 1.39 (95% CI 0.77-2.55)]. Being a smoker was a risk factor for symptom disregard [PR 2.35 (95% CI 1.14-4.82)], while living in Oporto [PR 0.35 (95% CI 0.16-0.75)] and having higher household incomes [PR 0.39 (95% CI 0.17-0.94)] were protective factors. Conclusions: These findings emphasise the importance of symptom valorisation in timely TB diagnosis. Patients who did not value their symptoms had longer PD, indicating a need for interventions to improve symptom recognition. Our findings also corroborate the importance of the socioeconomic determinants of health, highlighting tobacco as a risk factor both for TB and for PD.This work was supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) [Grant: PTDC/SAU-PUB/31346/2017]. The present publication was funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) national support through Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC) [UIDP/04923/2020].info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Growth of Fungal Cells and the Production of Mycotoxins

Some filamentous fungi are able to grow in food and produce toxic metabolites. It occurs mainly in grains, cereals, oilseeds and some by-products. The growth of fungi in a particular food is governed largely by a series of physical and chemical parameters. The production of toxic metabolites is not confined to a single group of molds irrespective of whether they are grouped according to structure, ecology, or phylogenetic relationships. Mycotoxins can be carcinogenic and cause several harmful effects to both human and animal organisms, in addition to generating large economic losses. The major mycotoxins found in food are the aflatoxins, fumonisins, ochratoxins, patulin, zearalenone, and trichothecenes, generally stable at high temperatures and long storage periods. Considering the difficult prevention and control, international organizations for food safety establish safe levels of these toxins in food destined for both human and animal consumption. Good agricultural practices and control of temperature and moisture during storage are factors which contribute significantly to inhibit the production of mycotoxins. The use of some fungistatic products, such as essential oils and antioxidants, as well as physical, mechanical, chemical, or thermal processing, represents important methods to have the concentration of mycotoxins reduced in food

Uso do resmetirom para o tratamento da Esteatohepatite Não Alcoólica (NASH): uma revisão integrativa

A doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica (DHGNA) inclui duas condições distintas: o fígado gorduroso não alcoólico (NAFL) e a esteatohepatite não alcoólica (NASH), a qual é diagnosticada quando há evidência de atividade inflamatória e lesão de hepatócitos em um tecido hepático com esteatose. A NASH possui prevalência de até 12% da população. O presente estudo de revisão buscou avaliar novos estudos acerca da eficácia do resmetirom em pacientes com esteatohepatite não alcoólica (NASH), a partir de ensaios clínicos publicados na literatura médica atual. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de revisão integrativa realizada por meio da base de dados PubMed, que levou em consideração os seguintes critérios de inclusão: ensaios clínicos; artigos publicados nos últimos 05 anos (2019-2024); que possuíam texto completo disponível e que abordassem acerca do resmetirom em pacientes com esteatohepatite não alcoólica. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que o resmetirom apresenta eficácia na redução da gordura hepática, além de demonstrar um bom perfil de tolerabilidade ao medicamento pelos pacientes com NASH avaliados nos estudos. Esses achados ressaltam o potencial do resmetirom como uma opção terapêutica promissora para o tratamento da NASH e da fibrose hepática, indicando a possibilidade de redução de, pelo menos, um estágio dessas condições. No entanto, são necessários estudos adicionais para confirmar e ampliar esses resultados, assim como para avaliar mais profundamente o perfil de segurança e eficácia do resmetirom em longo prazo