Riesgo de Caídas de los Ancianos Residentes en la Comunidad: Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura

OBJECTIVE: To identify the risk factors for falls of the community-dwelling elderly in order to update the Taxonomy II of NANDA International. METHOD: A systematic literature review based on research using the following platforms: EBSCOHost®, CINAHL and MEDLINE, from December 2010 to December 2014. The descriptors used were (Fall* OR Accidental Fall) AND (Community Dwelling OR Community Health Services OR Primary health care) AND (Risk OR Risk Assessment OR Fall Risk Factors) AND (Fall* OR Accidental Fall) AND (Community Dwelling OR older) AND Nurs* AND Fall Risk Factors. RESULTS: The sample comprised 62 studies and 50 risk factors have been identified. Of these risk factors, only 38 are already listed in the classification. CONCLUSIONS: Two new categories of risk factors are proposed: psychological and socio-economical. New fall risk factors for the community-dwelling elderly have been identified, which can contribute to the updating of this nursing diagnosis of the Taxonomy II of NANDA International.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Assessment Tools of Risk for Falls in Elderly Dwelling in the Community

Las caídas y el riesgo de caer aumentan con la edad y con el grado de fragilidad asociado al envejecimiento, siendo este el motivo por el cual el riesgo de caídas es un fenómeno de interés para los enfermeros. En Portugal, la Dirección General de Salud recomienda la realización de pruebas de evaluación de la movilidad, la capacidad física y funcional. Objetivo: Identificar los instrumentos utilizados para evaluar el riesgo de caída en el anciano residente en la comunidad.Método: Revisión sistemática de la literatura, cumpliendo las recomendaciones del Joanna Briggs Institute a través de la utilización del método PICo y de las recomendaciones PRISMA. El método PICo ayudó a definir los criterios de inclusión: Muestra (P) - los ancianos; Área de Interés (I) - instrumentos y pruebas que permiten evaluar el riesgo de caídas, y Contexto (Co) - vivir en la comunidad. La consulta bibliográfica fue realizada a través de las bases de datos: EBSCOHost®, CINAHL Complete y MEDLINE Complete, y utilizando los términos; fall, community dwelling, fall risk factors y tools escale. Resultados: Fueron seleccionados 24 estudios, en los que se identificaron seis escalas que evaluaban el riesgo de caídas, tres el miedo de caer y siete que evaluaban factores de riesgo predictivos del riesgo de caída, en ancianos que residen en la comunidad. Conclusiones: Los resultados destacan el número de instrumentos disponibles y la importancia de la utilización práctica por parte de los enfermeros de instrumentos válidos, fidedignos y sensibles, de modo de obtener diagnósticos precisos.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Cross-Cultural Validation of the Falls Efficacy Scale International in Elderly: Systematic Literature Review

The aim of this study is to describe the psychometric properties of cultural adaptations of the Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I) in the elderly dwelling in the community. A systematic literature review was performed according to the research question: What are the psychometric properties of the FES-I in the elderly dwelling in the community in different cultural backgrounds? The Population, Interest, Context (PICo) strategy was used for inclusion criteriadPopulation: elderly; Interest area/intervention: psychometric properties of the FES-I; Context: dwelling in the community in various cultural settings. The sample was made up of 10 articles. Metric properties have been evaluated by the criteria of validity, reproducibility, reliability, and responsiveness. The FES-I is considered acceptable, understandable to measure the fear of falling in the elderly, valid, reliable, and comparable cross-culturally, so it is recommended in rehabilitation research, clinical trials, clinical practice, and in fall-prevention programs in elderly.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Validación de la Positive and Negative Affect Schedule en Personas con Enfermedad Renal Crónica

Aim: to analyze the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule scale in people with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis. Method: this was a methodological study. A random sample of 171 people chronic kidney disease who receive hemodialysis in two clinics in the region of Lisbon, Portugal. Data was collected from May to June 2015. The psychometric properties were evaluated: Validity (construct, convergent and predictive), reliability (Cronbach’s α) and stability (test-retest). Results: showed that the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule scale has two distinct dimensions of positive and negative affect, reliable and stable both when obtained by interview or by questionnaire. Conclusion: the validity and reproducibility of the Portuguese version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule scale in people with chronic kidney disease are consistent with the original version and the English version of this scale.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A fast and less expensive test to determine permeability-related parameters on well’s drilled cuttings.

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Factores que Influencian a Apreciación de Películas Cómicas por Personas con Enfermedad Renal Crónica

Objetivos: Identificar os factores que influenciam a apreciação de filmes humorosos em pessoas com doença renal crónica e conhecer os filmes humorosos mais apreciados por estas pessoas durante a sessão de hemodiálise. Métodos: Pesquisa descritiva e correlacional de delineamento transversal. Amostra randomizada composta por pessoas com doença renal crónica submetidas a hemodiálise numa clínica. A colheita de dados foi por meio de entrevista individual e questionário autopreenchido, utilizando-se os instrumentos: caracterização dos sujeitos e o formulário do sentido de humor. Os dados foram analisados recorrendo a procedimentos da estatística descritiva como média, desvio padrão e frequência simples e relativa e teste de hipóteses t student e qui quadrado para estabelecer a associação entre variáveis independentes e dependente. Resultados: Dos 171 participantes, os jovens e casados apreciam mais filmes de humor. As pessoas com doença renal crónica que apreciam filmes de humor consideram-se alegres e divertidas, referem ter sentido de humor e ter uma família divertida. Além disso, mencionam gostar de brincar, de rir, que as façam rir, de estar com pessoas com sentido de humor, de ouvir anedotas, de ler livros cómicos e de ouvir histórias engraçadas. Conclusões: Foram verificados os factores sociodemográficos e clínicos que estão relacionados com o sentido de humor e que influenciam a apreciação de filmes de humor, bem como foram identificados os principais tipos de filmes/vídeos de humor/cómicos apreciados pelas pessoas com doença renal crónica. Este estudo traz contributos importantes para a intervenção de enfermagem humor da Classificação das intervenções de enfermagem.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Validation of the Subjective Happiness Scale in People with Chronic Kidney Disease

Objetivo: Validar as propriedades psicométricas da Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) em pessoas com Doença Renal Crônica (DRC) em programa de hemodiálise. Método: Trata-se de um estudo metodológico. A amostra randomizada foi constituída por 171 pessoas com DRC submetida a hemodiálise em duas clinicas na região de Lisboa, Portugal. Os dados foram colhidos de maio a junho de 2015. Foram avaliadas as propriedades psicométricas: validade (construto, convergente e discriminativa), fidedignidade por meio da consistência interna (α de Cronbach) e estabilidade (Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse e Coeficiente de Correlação de Spearman-Brown). Resultados: Os resultados suportam a estrutura unifatorial, com uma confiabilidade (α=0,90). Além disso, esta escala está positivamente correlacionada com a Escala de Satisfação com a Vida (r=0,60; p<0,001), apoiando assim a sua validade de critério. Conclusões: A versão portuguesa da SHS é válida e reprodutível em pessoas com DRC.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Validación de la “Subjective Happiness Scale” en Personas con Enfermedad Renal Crónica

Objective: To explore the psychometric properties of the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: This is a methodological study. The random sample included 171 patients with CKD under hemodialysis program in two clinics in the region of Lisbon, Portugal. Data was collected between May and June 2015. The following psychometric properties were evaluated: validity (construct, convergent and discriminant), reliability through internal consistency (Cronbach α) and stability (intraclass correlation coefficient and Spearman-Brown correlation coefficient). Results: The results support the unifactorial structure, with reliability (α = 0.90). In addition, this scale is positively correlated with the Satisfaction Life Scale (r = 0.60; p <0.001), supporting the validity criteria. Conclusions: The Portuguese version of the SHS is valid and reproducible in patients with CKD.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

White matter integrity as a predictor of response to treatment in first episode psychosis

The integrity of brain white matter connections is central to a patient's ability to respond to pharmacological interventions. This study tested this hypothesis using a specific measure of white matter integrity, and examining its relationship to treatment response using a prospective design in patients within their first episode of psychosis. Diffusion tensor imaging data were acquired in 63 patients with first episode psychosis and 52 healthy control subjects (baseline). Response was assessed after 12 weeks and patients were classified as responders or non-responders according to treatment outcome. At this second time-point, they also underwent a second diffusion tensor imaging scan. Tract-based spatial statistics were used to assess fractional anisotropy as a marker of white matter integrity. At baseline, non-responders showed lower fractional anisotropy than both responders and healthy control subjects (P < 0.05; family-wise error-corrected), mainly in the uncinate, cingulum and corpus callosum, whereas responders were indistinguishable from healthy control subjects. After 12 weeks, there was an increase in fractional anisotropy in both responders and non-responders, positively correlated with antipsychotic exposure. This represents one of the largest, controlled investigations of white matter integrity and response to antipsychotic treatment early in psychosis. These data, together with earlier findings on cortical grey matter, suggest that grey and white matter integrity at the start of treatment is an important moderator of response to antipsychotics. These findings can inform patient stratification to anticipate care needs, and raise the possibility that antipsychotics may restore white matter integrity as part of the therapeutic response

Validation of the Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale in People with Chronic Kidney Disease

Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale (MSHS) was developed by Thorson and Powell and it was validated in Portuguese, but not in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study examined the psychometrics of the MSHS in people with CKD on hemodialysis. A random sample of 171 people with CKD undergoing hemodialysis was selected. Exploratory Factor Analysis revealed a structure with three factors, “Humor Production and Social Use of Humor”, “Adaptive Humor and Appreciation Humor” and “Attitude Towards Humor”, with Alpha Cronbach values of 0.93, 0.90 and 0.83 respectively. It revealed stability in both interview and questionnaire methods. It showed moderate positive correlations with Positive Affect, Subjective Happiness and Wellbeing Personal Index, and moderate negative correlation with Negative Affect. Therefore, MSHS shows evidence of being a valid, reliable and reproducible scale either by questionnaire or interview.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio