9 research outputs found
Sliding-mode amplitude control techniques for harmonic oscillators
This thesis investigates both theoretical and implementation-level aspects of switching-
feedback control strategies for the development of voltage-controlled oscillators. We
use a modified sliding-mode compensation scheme based on various norms of the
system state to achieve amplitude control for wide-tuning range oscillators. The
proposed controller provides amplitude control at minimal cost in area and power
consumption. Verification of our theory is achieved with the physical realization of
an amplitude controlled negative-Gm LC oscillator. A wide-tuning range RF ring
oscillator is developed and simulated, showing the effectiveness of our methods for
high speed oscillators. The resulting ring oscillator produces an amplitude controlled
sinusoidal signal operating at frequencies ranging from 170 MHz to 2.1 GHz. Total
harmonic distortion is maintained below 0:8% for an oscillation amplitude of 2 Vpp
over the entire tuning range. Phase noise is measured as -105.6 dBc/Hz at 1.135 GHz
with a 1 MHz offset
Racial Desegregation in Prisons
This article examines the history, law, and research on racial desegregation in American prisons. It focuses on the 2005 U.S. Supreme Court case of Johnson v. California, in which the Court held that prison administrators cannot racially segregate inmates unless under extraordinary circumstances to maintain the security of inmates, staff, and institutions. This article also examines evidence on attitudes and outcomes of racial desegregation in prisons. It ends with a discussion of racial desegregation mandates and policy change in prison organizations