Evaluasi Kesesuaian Lahan Tanaman Kacang Tanah (Arachis Hipogeae L.) di Desa Werwaru Kecamatan Pulau Moa

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan factor-faktor pembatas untuk tanaman kacang tanah yang terdapat di lapangan dan menetapkan kelas kesesuaian lahan untuk tanaman kacang tanah di desa Werwaru Kecamatan Pulau Moa Kabupaten Maluku Barat Daya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survey. Jarak observasi yang digunakan adalah free survey, dengan menggunakan tipe pengamatan identifikasi (boring), dan profil pit. Berdasarkan hasil penilaiaan kesesuaian lahan aktual diketahui bahwa pada lokasi penelitian terdapat beberapa faktor karakteristik dan kualitas lahan yang menjadi faktor pembatas terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman kacang tanah yakni: faktor curah hujan pada masa pertumbuhan (wa), kedalaman efektif (r), C-organik (nr), Kemiringan lereng (s). Berdasarkan tindakan perbaikan satuan lahan yang direkomendasikan untuk tanaman kacang tanah yaitu pada kelas S2 dan kelas S3. Satuan lahan yang direkomendasikan untuk tanaman kacang tanah yakni: Untuk kelas S2: L0a1D, L0a3A, L0a3B, L0a3C, L0a3D, L1a1D, L1a3B, L2a1D, L2a3B dengan luas 1942,13 ha atau 36,1 persen dan S3: L0a2E, L1a2E, L2a2E dengan luas 219,12 ha atau 4,1 persen. Kata kunci: evaluasi kesesuaian lahan, kacang tanah, Werwaru Pulau Mo

Natural History of the Slave Making Ant, Polyergus lucidus, Sensu lato in Northern Florida and Its Three Formica pallidefulva Group Hosts

Slave making ants of the Polyergus lucidus Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) complex enslave 3 different Formica species, Formica archboldi, F. dolosa, and F. pallidefalva, in northern Florida. This is the first record of presumed P. lucidus subspecies co-occurring with and enslaving multiple Formica hosts in the southern end of their range. The behavior, colony sizes, body sizes, nest architecture, and other natural history observations of Polyergus colonies and their Formica hosts are reported. The taxonomic and conservation implications of these observations are discussed

Interpretable Subgroup Discovery in Treatment Effect Estimation with Application to Opioid Prescribing Guidelines

The dearth of prescribing guidelines for physicians is one key driver of the current opioid epidemic in the United States. In this work, we analyze medical and pharmaceutical claims data to draw insights on characteristics of patients who are more prone to adverse outcomes after an initial synthetic opioid prescription. Toward this end, we propose a generative model that allows discovery from observational data of subgroups that demonstrate an enhanced or diminished causal effect due to treatment. Our approach models these sub-populations as a mixture distribution, using sparsity to enhance interpretability, while jointly learning nonlinear predictors of the potential outcomes to better adjust for confounding. The approach leads to human-interpretable insights on discovered subgroups, improving the practical utility for decision suppor

Protocorm Like Bodies (PLBs) dendrobium orchid “Gatton Sunray”

The Dendrobium Orchid Gatton Sunray is a hybrid orchid of Dendrobium pulchellum × Dendrobium illustre. A study was aimed to find the best type of medium and type of banana for the multiplication of Protocorm-Like Bodies (PLBs) of this orchid. This research was conducted from February to September 2020 at the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Bengkulu. Treatments included type of media and cultivar of ripe banana fruit, added as source of organic complex, consisted of 4 cultivars, namely Ambon Curup, Kepok, Tanduk and Mas. Ripe bananas were mashed and added to the in vitro medium as much as 50 g.L-1. Types of media consist of Murashige and Skoog (MS), ½ Doses of Murashige and Skoog (MS) media, and Complex of fertilizer media. The results showed that the ½ MS medium added with 50 g.L-1 cv. Kepok fruit produced the greatest multiplication (11.8 PLBs per jar), the best growth of PLBs, including the greatest PLBs number (28.5 PLBs per jar), the heaviest fresh weight (1.30 g per jar) and the longest PLBs (2.56 cm)

Priming by Chemokines Restricts Lateral Mobility of the Adhesion Receptor LFA-1 and Restores Adhesion to ICAM-1 Nano-Aggregates on Human Mature Dendritic Cells

LFA-1 is a leukocyte specific β2 integrin that plays a major role in regulating adhesion and migration of different immune cells. Recent data suggest that LFA-1 on mature dendritic cells (mDCs) may function as a chemokine-inducible anchor during homing of DCs through the afferent lymphatics into the lymph nodes, by transiently switching its molecular conformational state. However, the role of LFA-1 mobility in this process is not yet known, despite that the importance of lateral organization and dynamics for LFA-1-mediated adhesion regulation is broadly recognized. Using single particle tracking approaches we here show that LFA-1 exhibits higher mobility on resting mDCs compared to monocytes. Lymphoid chemokine CCL21 stimulation of the LFA-1 high affinity state on mDCs, led to a significant reduction of mobility and an increase on the fraction of stationary receptors, consistent with re-activation of the receptor. Addition of soluble monomeric ICAM-1 in the presence of CCL21 did not alter the diffusion profile of LFA-1 while soluble ICAM-1 nano-aggregates in the presence of CCL21 further reduced LFA-1 mobility and readily bound to the receptor. Overall, our results emphasize the importance of LFA-1 lateral mobility across the membrane on the regulation of integrin activation and its function as adhesion receptor. Importantly, our data show that chemokines alone are not sufficient to trigger the high affinity state of the integrin based on the strict definition that affinity refers to the adhesion capacity of a single receptor to its ligand in solution. Instead our data indicate that nanoclustering of the receptor, induced by multi-ligand binding, is required to maintain stable cell adhesion once LFA-1 high affinity state is transiently triggered by inside-out signals.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Clinical Risk, Osteopathy and Management. The CROaM Study

Key Summary Points What we already know: There is an ongoing debate about the possible link between manipulation and negative outcome in patients. This has focussed on manipulation of the neck and stroke. In addition, there is a growing interest in other treatment reactions, such as increased pain and the appearance of new symptoms after treatment. To date, the evidence about manipulation is contradictory and there is little existing published information about these types of outcomes in osteopathy. What we did: A survey to all UK practising osteopaths was carried out, followed by in-depth interviews of selected osteopaths. Osteopaths also invited patients to provide information about their experience of osteopathic care and its outcomes. Patients were surveyed before treatment, one day and two days after treatment and at six weeks. Selected patients were interviewed. 1,082 (27.8%) osteopaths completed the practitioner survey. Interviews took place with 24 osteopaths. 2,057 patients, recruited from 212 osteopaths, completed questionnaires before their treatment. 1782 patients (86.6%) agreed to be followed up at 6 weeks; of these, 1,387 (77%) patients returned six week follow-up questionnaires. Interviews took place with 19 patients. What we found: Four percent of patients reported that they had experienced temporary dis-ability that was attributed to their osteopathic treatment. Ten of these patients were interviewed and only two described serious problems, neither of which were stroke. Osteopaths reported that they had seen patients who had experienced serious problems after treatment. A range of events occurring in the preceding year were described by 4% of osteopaths. The most common event described was the occurrence of pain associated with a trapped nerve. There were also 7 reports of stroke like symptoms. Between 10% and 20% of patients experienced increased symptoms/pain related to their main complaint in the days immediately following treatment, and this was highest amongst new patients. At six weeks, 10% of the patients had seen another healthcare practitioner because of the worsening of their main complaint, which they associated with the osteopathic care that they had received. The comparison between those that received manipulation and those that did not suggests that manipulation was not linked to outcomes. Osteopaths reported obtaining consent from patients less often than is required by osteopaths' Standards of Practice. This was especially low in returning patients and for techniques familiar to the patient. Patients reported being asked for their consent less often than the frequency with which osteopaths reported receiving consent. About one-third of patients reported that they had received information about risks and about 40% reported that they had received information from their osteopaths about alternative or no treatment options. Over half of the patients (55%) achieved at least a 30% decrease in symptoms/pain by day two post treatment. Similar improvement was seen at 6 weeks. Those with widespread pain were least likely to improve. New patients and those returning with a new episode of pain improved most. The majority of osteopaths favoured the establishment of an adverse events register. What this means for practice and policy: The evidence suggests that serious problems following osteopathic care are rare, but do occur. Whilst the link between any speci�fic treatment technique and these outcomes was not supported, osteopaths should be aware of the possibility of serious events occurring during or after treatment. With respect to stroke associated with neck and head pain, osteopaths should be vigilant about known risk factors and presenting symptoms of vascular pain arising from the neck. Osteopaths should inform patients about the possibility that they may experience increases in symptoms/pain associated with their main complaint shortly after treatment. This information should be given to all patients regardless of the site of presenting complaint and the nature of the treatment the osteopath proposes. There is a need to develop further guidance and educational materials for osteopaths regarding the process of consent. Further activity is indicated to assess the cost and feasibility of a reporting and learning system for adverse events and treatment reactions in osteopathy