Physical education at the Bauhaus, 1919-33

Le Bauhaus, courant et école artistiques allemands du début du 20e siècle, a intégré l'éducation physique dans ses méthodes d'enseignement. Le sport devient un art du mouvement, une connaissance du corps, censé guider l'expression créative des étudiants

Publication status of submitted manuscripts reporting positive vs negative results by journal.

<p>*1 manuscript with positive results submitted to the BMJ was withdrawn by authors before editorial decisions were made. N = number of submitted manuscripts.</p

Characteristics of submitted manuscripts associated with publication: multivariable analysis.

<p>*Collapsed categories: Europe and US vs rest of the world.</p

Publication status of submitted manuscripts reporting positive versus negative results by sponsor type.

<p>*1 manuscript with positive results of an industry-supported trial was withdrawn by authors before editorial decisions were made. N = number of submitted manuscripts.</p

Characteristics of submitted manuscripts and their association with publication: univariate analysis (accepted vs all rejected).

<p>*Percentage of grand total of submitted manuscripts. ^§ Percentage of row category that were accepted for publication. IF = journal impact factor, 2011.</p

Publication status of manuscripts submitted to eight medical journals during the study time frame.

<p>Publication status of manuscripts submitted to eight medical journals during the study time frame.</p

Recommendations for a uniform assessment of publication bias related to funding source

Contains fulltext : 125836.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)BACKGROUND: Numerous studies on publication bias in clinical drug research have been undertaken, particularly on the association between sponsorship and favourable outcomes. However, no standardized methodology for the classification of outcomes and sponsorship has been described. Dissimilarities and ambiguities in this assessment impede the ability to compare and summarize results of studies on publication bias. To guide authors undertaking such studies, this paper provides recommendations for a uniform assessment of publication bias related to funding source. METHODS AND RESULTS: As part of ongoing research into publication bias, 472 manuscripts on randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with drugs, submitted to eight medical journals from January 2010 through April 2012, were reviewed. Information on trial results and sponsorship was extracted from manuscripts. During the start of this evaluation, several problems related to the classification of outcomes, inclusion of post-hoc analyses and follow-up studies of RCTs in the study sample, and assessment of the role of the funding source were encountered. A comprehensive list of recommendations addressing these problems was composed. To assess internal validity, reliability and usability of these recommendations were tested through evaluation of manuscripts submitted to journals included in our study. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed recommendations represent a first step towards a uniform method of classifying trial outcomes and sponsorship. This is essential to draw valid conclusions on the role of the funding source in publication bias and will ensure consistency across future studies