Hrvatski posvojni pridjev kao antecedent relativnoj zamjenici

Razmatra se mogućnost hrvatskoga posvojnog pridjeva da bude antecedent relativnoj zamjenici, mogućnost koja se u slavenskim jezicima sve više gubi, odnosno mjesto posvojnoga pridjeva u toj funkciji zauzima genitiv. Potvrdama se pokazuje da ta mogućnost u pisanome hrvatskome (još) postoji. Provedena anketa s izvornim govornicima pokazuje ipak da takve konstrukcije kao prihvatljive ovjerava tek manji dio suvremenih govornika. Analiziraju se tipološki neobična svojstva relativnih rečenica s posvojnim pridjevom kao antecedentom, osobito to da se u njima posvojni pridjev vlada kao padežni oblik imenice, a ne njezin derivat. Ključne riječi: posvojni pridjev, antecedent, relativna rečenica, genitiv, slavenski jeziciThe ability of Croatian possessive adjectives (PA) to control relative pronouns is here taken under consideration. This ability is weakening in Slavic languages (in some of them it has been completely lost), i. e. in such constructions PA is replaced by an adnominal genitive. Attested examples of relative clauses with a PA-antecedent show that, at least in written Croatian, PAs are still able to control relative pronouns. Three-quarters of contemporary Croatian speakers reject constructions where a PA controls a relative pronoun. However, these constructions are found in texts, and only a few speakers do not find them unacceptable. The typologically uncommon characteristics of relative clauses with PA-antecedents are analyzed, especially the fact that PAs controlling relative pronouns behave like inflected forms, and not like derived forms, which they undoubtedly are

Hrvatske koordinativne složenice

Prema opisima u suvremenim hrvatskim gramatikama dalo bi se zaključiti da hrvatski koordinativne složenice ili ne poznaje ili da ih je toliko malo da ne traže opis. U članku se podsjeća da je u starijim gramatikama o njima bilo riječi, a da svojom suvremenom količinom i različitim ostvarajima (imeničke, pridjevske, priložne, sa spojnicima -o- i -0-) gramatički opis itekako zaslužuju. Pokazuje se zbog kojih se svojih odlika takve složenice mogu smatrati riječima, a ne spojevima riječi, sintagmama. Na primjeru jezika Anke Žagar pokazuje se da model koordinativnih složenica kao potencija može unutar poezije poprimiti i jezičnostvaralačke inačice.According to descriptions in modern Croatian grammar books, one might concludethat there are either no copulative compounds in Croatian or that they are so scarce in number that they do not require any description. The paper is a reminder both of their descriptions in older Croatian grammar books and of the need for their grammatical description, owing to their number and a variety of realisations. Some Croatian nominal copulative compounds are e.g. grad-država ‘citystate’ (Gr. πόλις), točka-zarez ‘semicolon’ (lit. full stop-comma), sjeverozapad ‘North-West’; some adjectival ones are e.g. crno-bijel ‘black and white’, crvenobijelo- plav ‘red, white, and blue’, nov-star ‘new--old’; some adverbial ones are e.g. danas-sutra ‘before long’ (lit. today-tomorrow), zbrda-zdola ‘helter-skelter’, brže-bolje ‘in a hurry’ (lit. faster-better). The paper indicates the characteristics due to which these compounds should be considered words and not phrases – they do not display the characteristics of appositive phrases, they cannot be subject to the coordination ellipsis and their internal flexion does not disqualify them as words, even though Croatian recognizes internal flexion (in indefinite pronouns with the suffixoid -god, e.g. štogod – G čegagod). The language of poet Anka Žagar is used to illustrate how a pattern of copulative compounding can also acquire creative linguistic variations, which is another piece of evidence for the claim that a pattern of copulative compounding does exist in Croatian

Procedures in multilateral trade negotiations within the GATT/WTO international trade system

In the first part of the paper the author deals with some general aspects of the very complex process of trade negotiations. He explains that trade negotiations, bilateral or multilateral, are the basis for establishment of the international trade regime. In order to understand multilateral trade negotiations one should be familiar with its basis, which is composed of rules and procedures. Also, it is necessary to take into consideration the fact that these rules and procedures have not emerged at once but have been introduced in the process of adjustment to the needs of negotiators. In the second part of the paper the author considers the procedures in multilateral trade negotiations within the GATT/WTO international trade system

Tri nehrvatske tvorbe : infiksacija, reduplikacija, fuzija

Rječotvorni načini hrvatskoga jezika temelje se na ulančavanju morfema. U radu se opisuju tri tvorbena načina kojih nema u autohtonu, naslijeđenu hrvatskom leksiku – jedan koji se također temelji na morfemskoj raščlambi (infiksacija), dva kojima su temelji drugačiji (reduplikacija i leksička fuzija). Rad želi troje: i) istaknuti pojedine nedosljednosti postojećih opisa hrvatske morfologije, ii) opisati pojedinačne pozajmljene i domaće hrvatske lekseme i konstrukcije u kojima se o tim trima tvorbama može govoriti; iii) predvidjeti mogu li se neautohtoni tvorbeni načini i u kojoj mjeri importirati iz stranih jezika, danas ponajprije (jedino) engleskoga.In the paper three word-formation processes are described which are not found in the indigenous Croatian lexicon. First is infixation, which is a kind of concatenative affixation, and the other two are non-concatenative – reduplication and blending. The paper has three aims: i) to point out some inconsistencies in existing descriptions of Croatian morphology, ii) to analyse several Croatian neologisms that can be viewed as examples of the three processes in question, iii) to predict whether it is possible, and if so, to what extent, for non-indigenous word-formation types to be imported from foreign languages, nowadays mainly (only) English

Where is the past? Time in historical geography

Despite human geography's sophisticated analyses and overwhelming focus on space, time in its various guises has certainly not been absent in the literature. The same cannot be said for historical geography, which is particularly interesting as its main concern is purportedly with space and place in and across other times. In response, this paper examines the ontology and epistemology of time in “modern” historical geography since the early 2000s and does so in discussion with recent developments in theory and philosophy of history, specifically the notion of ‘new presentism’. An idea which broadly posits that the past and the future do not exist as separate categories but are always projections of specific presents, they exist as the present's own immanent modes. This is achieved by adopting Robert Dodgshon's concept of the ‘specious present’ in order to (1) affirm, albeit on different epistemological grounds, the partiality, situatedness and contingency of historical geographies as well as the embodied and performative nature of archival labour; (2) offer an accessible conceptual tool in thinking about the role of time in the practice of future historical geography research; and finally (3) suggest that thinking historical geography as a practice in and through the ‘specious present’ makes questions of ethics, accountability, and politics of knowledge production both central and inevitable, as opposed to just being examples of “good practice” or worse still, being completely sidestepped by virtue of an imagined spatio-temporal distance between the bygone past and the present moment of research

Croatian Jokes About Bosnians

Vicevi o gluposti druga su najčešća, najproširenija i najdugovječnija vrsta viceva, odmah poslije seksualnih. Njima se skupina kazivača omeđuje i legitimira kao ona koja nije glupa, glupost se ili koja druga nepoželjna osobina prišiva drugoj skupini. Mete viceva o gluposti univerzalno pokazuju jasno utvrdive zemljopisne, društvene, kulturne, vjerske i jezične odlike. One su kazivaču najbliži tuđinac ili najudaljeniji našinac. H. Bergson i S. Freud naslutili su to prije 100 godina, a razradio je u svojim brojnim radovima Ch. Davies. U radu se pokazuje da Bosanci, odnosno upravo Bošnjaci, muslimani, ispunjavaju sve te odlike i jednostavno su idealan kandidat za hrvatske viceve o gluposti. Kao i svi vicevi o gluposti tako i hrvatski više govore o kazivaču negoli o meti.Jokes about stupidity are the most common, most widespread and most long-lasting kind of jokes apart from sexual jokes (Davies 1998). They delineate the otherwise ambiguous boundaries of joke-tellersʼ society and pin the stupidity or some other undesirable human quality on a particular ethnic group (Davies 1990). The geographical, social, cultural, religious and linguistic characteristics of the target groups of such jokes can be clearly established (cf. Davies 1982; 1990; 1998). They are ambiguous, not entirely “strange” nor entirely “ours”. This was indicated by H. Bergson and S. Freud 100 years ago, and elaborated in the works of Ch. Davies. In the paper it is shown that Bosnians and especially Bosniaks, i.e. Muslims from Bosnia and Herzegovina, are the ideal candidates for Croatian jokes about stupidity – they occupy the periphery of the Croatian ethnic territory, speak the same language with some distinctive traits, their religion is different, often they migrate to Croatian cities and have manual or blue-collar jobs

Pristupni afrikatno-okluzivni skupovi u hrvatskome

It is explained why affricate-stop sequences should be included among acceptable Croatian syllable onsets. First, there are a few words with initial affricate-stop cluster (e.g. Cr. čkomiti ‘be silent, hold one’s tongue’), in which the fricative sound often alternates with the corresponding affricate sound (e.g. Cr. žbun ‘bush’ → džbun). Second, there is the slang metathesis in which affricate-stop clusters become initial onsets (e.g. Cr. pička ‘cunt’ → čkapi). Third, there is syllabification in chanting, at sport stadiums or in rock songs. If affricate sounds are more sonorous than stops, which is not beyond doubt, the onset affricate-stop cluster would be yet another case of violating the Sonority Sequencing Principle, beside the well-known case of the onset fricative-stop clusters (e.g. E. spoon, street, Cr. spor ‘slow’, strah ‘fear’).Donose se razlozi zašto afrikatno-okluzivne sljedove valja ubrojiti u prihvatljive pristupe hrvatskomu slogu. Prvo, riječi s inicijalnim afrikatno-okluzivnim skupom (npr. čkomiti ‘šutjeti’) i smjenjivanje frikativa u takvim skupovima s afrikatom (npr. žbun → džbun). Drugo, slengovska metateza (npr. pička → čkapi). Treće, slogovanje pri skandiranju (npr. dečko → de.čko). Ako su prema ljestvici zvonkosti afrikate zvonkije od okluziva, to bi uz poznate pristupne skupove frikativa i okluziva bio još jedan slučaj narušavanja univerzalnoga načela poretka po zvonkosti

Autonomous Navigation of Mobile Robots in Complex Dynamic Environments

Most of the future robots will be mobile, and the main challenge is to develop algorithms for their autonomous navigation as well as for human-robot interactions. The Laboratory for Autonomous Systems and Mobile Robotics (LAMOR) at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing of the University of Zagreb is involved in the research of such mobile robotic systems, and currently participates in a number of related international and national research projects. This paper addresses the issue of autonomous navigation of mobile robots in complex dynamic environments, providing state of the art of the domain and major LAMOR’s contribution to it. At the end, we present an application example of the autonomous navigation technologies in flexible warehouses, which we have been developing within a Horizon 2020 project SafeLog