Features of cholinergic cardia regulation under conditions of hypokinesia

The features of cholinergic processes in the heart on the 4th, 8th, 16th and 30th days of hypokinesia were studied in experiments on 382 albino rats. It was shown that hypokinesia is attended by increased acetylcholine content in the atria, reduced choline acetyltransferase activity in the atria and ventricles and by increased activity of acetylcholinesterase in the ventricles and of pseudocholinesterase in both parts of the heart. The sensitivity of the heart to exogenic acetylcholine and to stimulation of the vagus nerve increases

Hardiness of adolescents with special educational needs: Research results

The relevance of the problem under study is due to the fact that the current worldwide trend shows high dynamics of the increase in the number of children with SEN, which requires that society in general and the education system, in particular, should develop approaches to the socialization and adaptation of people with SEN through strengthening their personal resources. The purpose of the article is to explore the peculiarities of the phenomenology and structure of hardiness of adolescents with SEN in comparison with the conventionally healthy peers. The main method applied in the research of this problem is a comparative study based on the cross-sectional method, which makes it possible to identify the specificity of hardiness of adolescents with SEN. The results of the research: the research revealed the peculiarities of expression and relationship of the components of hardiness of adolescents with SEN in comparison with the conventionally healthy peers. The materials of the article may be useful for educational and social psychologists in devising programs for psychological support and comprehensive psycho-social assistance to families with children with SEN, which will contribute to the successful integration of adolescents with SEN in society. © 2016 Shchipanova et al

Instrument ofthe work breakdown accounting in the high-tech production

At present, in mechanical engineering there is a tendency of small-scale production due to the peculiarities and requirements of the market. At the same time, machine-building enterprises have to account the costs of produced products accurately (both for the state defense order and for the open market). The problem of the product labor intensity calculation becomes urgent, as it is used as a basis for of the product full cost calculation. Taking into account the technology changes, equipment, peculiarities of production program formation (small or medium series), using the existing approaches, work norms manuals becomes impossible. The investigation presents an improved algorithm for the work norm calculating using for the main workers in the high-tech production. A feature of the proposed approach is taking into account the share of passive observation during the technological operations in conditions of small-scale production in the conditions of the high-tech production. The article presents the results of the proposed method testing. The approbation was realized at the industrial enterprise in the conditions of the small-scale production. Proposed algorithm for work norms calculation can be used in automation of labor rationing at the industrial enterprise. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Investment behaviour of machine-building enterprises and the capital cost

The formation of an effective financial and investment model of engineering production requires the organization of capital cost management. This article is intended to consider the extent to which the features of the investment behaviour of Russian engineering enterprises affect the cost of capital. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Therapeutic eyelids hygiene in the algorithms of prevention and treatment of ocular surface diseases

When acute inflammation in anterior eye segment of a forward piece of an eye was stopped, ophthalmologists face a problem of absence of acute inflammation signs and at the same time complaints to the remain discomfort feelings. It causes dissatisfaction from the treatment. The complaints are typically caused by disturbance of tears productions. No accidental that the new group of diseases was allocated — the diseases of the ocular surface. Ocular surface is a difficult biologic system, including epithelium of the conjunctiva, cornea and limb, as well as the area costal margin eyelid and meibomian gland ducts. Pathological processes in conjunctiva, cornea and eyelids are linked with tears production. Ophthalmologists prescribes tears substitutions, providing short-term relief to patients. However, in respect that the lipid component of the tear film plays the key role in the preservation of its stability, eyelids hygiene is the basis for the treatment of dry eye associated with ocular surface diseases. Eyelids hygiene provides normal functioning of glands, restores the metabolic processes in skin and ensures the formation of a complete tear film. Protection of eyelids, especially the marginal edge from aggressive environmental agents, infections and parasites and is the basis for the prevention and treatment of blepharitis and dry eye syndrome. The most common clinical situations and algorithms of their treatment and prevention of dysfunction of the meibomian glands; demodectic blepharitis; seborrheic blepharitis; staphylococcal blepharitis; allergic blepharitis; barley and chalazion are discussed in the article. The prevention keratoconjunctival xerosis (before and postoperative period, caused by contact lenses, computer vision syndrome, remission after acute conjunctiva and cornea inflammation) is also presented. The first part of the article presents the treatment and prevention algorithms for dysfunction of the meibomian glands, as well as demodectic blepharitis

Эндоскопическая лазерная циклопластика в лечении закрытоугольной глаукомы с плоской радужкой

PURPOSE: To study efficacy and safety of endoscopic laser cycloplasty in treatment of patients with angle-closure glaucoma with plateau iris.METHODS: The study included 15 patients (23 eyes) with angle-closure glaucoma with plateau iris, 13 women, 2 men. Mild glaucoma was diagnosed in 24.7% of cases; moderate — in 34.8 %; advanced — in 30.4 %. Mean age was 69.1±8.7 years. Intraocular pressure (IOP) level before surgery with medical therapy ranged from 17 to 30 mm Hg (mean of 22±3.4 mm Hg). Mean number of hypotensive instillations used by the patients — 3.1±1.8. During the postoperative period all patients underwent tonometry, tonography, anterior segment OCT and ultrasonic biomicroscopy (UBM). Follow-up period was 3 months.RESULTS: All patients had an improvement of visual acuity during the postoperative period. In all cases we observed a decrease in IOP from 22±3.4 mm Hg (before surgery) to 19.3±2.2 mm Hg (in 3 months) and an increase of the aqueous humor outflow facility coefficient from 0.18±0.06 mm3/min⋅mm Hg (prior to the surgery) to 0.34±0.05 mm3/min⋅mm Hg (in 3 months). According to OCT data in 3 months, the anterior chamber angle remained open with a mean width of 32.6±3.5 degrees. UBM results showed an increase in morphometric values of the anterior chamber angle with a reduction in ciliary processes length from 512.1±118.6 µm before surgery to 403.3±112.4 in 3 months.CONCLUSION: Endoscopic laser cycloplasty in all the cases allowed for IOP reduction without hypotensive therapy and glaucoma progression halt due to opening of the anterior chamber angle and eliminating risk of IOP increase. ЦЕЛЬ. Изучить эффективность и безопасность эндоскопической лазерной циклопластики в лечении пациентов с закрытоугольной глаукомой (ЗУГ) с плоской радужкой.МЕТОДЫ. Исследование включает 15 пациентов (13 женщин, 2 мужчин, 23 глаза) с ЗУГ с плоской радужкой. В 24,7% случаев наблюдалась I стадия глаукомы, в 34,8% — II, в 30,4% — III стадия. Средний возраст пациентов составлял 69,1±8,7 года. Уровень внутриглазного давления (ВГД) до операции на фоне гипотензивной терапии колебался от 17 до 30 мм рт.ст. (среднее значение 22±3,4 мм рт.ст.). Среднее количество закапываний составляло 3,1±1,8. Всем пациентам выполняли тонометрию, тонографию, оптическую когерентную томографию (ОКТ) переднего отрезка и ультразвуковую биомикроскопию (УБМ). Срок наблюдения составил 3 месяца.РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. У всех пациентов отмечено улучшение остроты зрения в послеоперационном периоде. Во всех случаях наблюдалось снижение уровня ВГД с 22±3,4 до операции до 19,3±2,2 мм рт.ст. через 3 месяца и повышение коэффициента легкости оттока с 0,18±0,06 мм3/мин⋅мм рт.ст. (до операции) до 0,34±0,05 мм3/мин⋅мм рт.ст. через 3 месяца. По результатам ОКТ, через 3 месяца угол передней камеры (УПК) открыт, средняя ширина его составляет 32,6±3,5°. При проведении УБМ наблюдалось увеличение морфометрических показателей передней камеры на фоне уменьшения средней длины цилиарных отростков с 512,1±118,6 до операции до 403,3±112,4 мкм через 3 месяца.ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. После проведения эндоскопической лазерной циклопластики во всех случаях наблюдалось снижение уровня ВГД без применения гипотензивной терапии и открытие УПК, что позволило избежать развития приступов повышения ВГД и прогрессирования глаукомного процесса

Закрытоугольная глаукома с плоской радужкой

The article is a review of Russian and foreign literature on the problem of angle-closure glaucoma with a plateau iris, methods of its diagnostics and treatment. More than 80 sources of Russian and foreign literature about the problems of diagnostics and treatment of angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) with a plateau iris were analyzed. There are differences in the classification of this disease in foreign practice, namely the differentiation of plateau iris configuration and plateau iris syndrome, which influences the choice of treatment. The analysis pointed out the specifics of diagnostics of this form of glaucoma. The prevailing majority of authors note that patients with PACG with plateau iris have an average depth of the anterior chamber. However, there are studies that prove the opposite. The review also reveals features of the structure and position of the ciliary body and its processes based on the results of anterior segment optical coherence tomography and ultrasonic biomicroscopy. As for the treatment methods, in case of PACG with a plateau iris, hypotensive medication cannot be considered the therapy of choice. Preference is given to laser and surgical methods of treatment. However, at present, there is no consensus on the most effective and safe methods leading to the anterior chamber angle opening and intraocular pressure level stabilization.Статья представляет собой обзор отечественной и зарубежной литературы по проблеме закрыто- угольной глаукомы (ЗУГ) с плоской радужкой, методам ее диагностики и лечения. Было проанализировано более 80 источников отечественной и зарубежной литературы, касающихся проблем диагностики и лечения ЗУГ с плоской радужкой. Отмечены различия в классификации этого заболевания в зарубежной практике, а именно выделение отдельно конфигурации плоской радужки и синдрома плоской радужки, что оказывает влияние на выбор способа лечения. В ходе проведения анализа обзора выявлены особенности диагностики данной формы глаукомы. Подавляющее большинство авторов указывает на наличие средней глубины передней камеры у пациентов с ЗУГ с плоской радужкой. Однако встречаются работы, доказывающие обратное. Также выявлены особенности строения и положения цилиарного тела и его отростков по результатам проведения оптической когерентной томографии переднего сегмента и ультразвуковой биомикроскопии. Что касается методов лечения, то в случае ЗУГ с плоской радужкой назначение медикаментозных гипотензивных препаратов не является терапией выбора. Предпочтение отдается лазерным и хирургическим методам лечения. Однако в настоящее время нет единого мнения о наиболее эффективных и безопасных способах, приводящих к открытию угла передней камеры и стабилизации уровня внутриглазного давления

A Real Time Metridia Luciferase Based Non-Invasive Reporter Assay of Mammalian Cell Viability and Cytotoxicity via the β-actin Promoter and Enhancer

Secreted reporter molecules offer a means to evaluate biological processes in real time without the need to sacrifice samples at pre-determined endpoints. Here we have adapted the secreted bioluminescent reporter gene, Metridia luciferase, for use in a real-time viability assay for mammalian cells. The coding region of the marine copepod gene has been codon optimized for expression in human cells (hMLuc) and placed under the control of the human β-actin promoter and enhancer. Metridia luciferase activity of stably transfected cell models corresponded linearly with cell number over a 4-log dynamic range, detecting as few as 40 cells. When compared to standard endpoint viability assays, which measure the mitochondrial dehydrogenase reduction of tetrazolium salts, the hMLuc viability assay had a broader linear range of detection, was applicable to large tissue culture vessels, and allowed the same sample to be repeatedly measured over several days. Additional studies confirmed that MLuc activity was inhibited by serum, but demonstrated that assay activity remained linear and was measurable in the serum of mice bearing subcutaneous hMLuc-expressing tumors. In summary, these comparative studies demonstrate the value of humanized Metridia luciferase as an inexpensive and non-invasive method for analyzing viable cell number, growth, tumor volume, and therapeutic response in real time

MN112: a new Galactic candidate Luminous Blue Variable

We report the discovery of a new Galactic candidate Luminous Blue Variable (cLBV) via detection of an infrared circular nebula and follow-up spectroscopy of its central star. The nebula, MN112, is one of many dozens of circular nebulae detected at $24 \mu$m in the {\it Spitzer Space Telescope} archival data, whose morphology is similar to that of nebulae associated with known (c)LBVs and related evolved massive stars. Specifically, the core-halo morphology of MN112 bears a striking resemblance to the circumstellar nebula associated with the Galactic cLBV GAL 079.29+00.46, which suggests that both nebulae might have a similar origin and that the central star of MN112 is a LBV. The spectroscopy of the central star showed that its spectrum is almost identical to that of the bona fide LBV P Cygni, which also supports the LBV classification of the object. To further constrain the nature of MN112, we searched for signatures of possible high-amplitude (\ga 1 mag) photometric variability of the central star using archival and newly obtained photometric data covering a 45 year period. We found that the B magnitude of the star was constant ($\simeq$ 17.1$\pm$0.3 mag) over this period, while in the I band the star brightened by $\simeq 0.4$ mag during the last 17 years. Although the non-detection of large photometric variability leads us to use the prefix `candidate' in the classification of MN112, we remind that the long-term photometric stability is not unusual for genuine LBVs and that the brightness of P Cygni remains relatively stable during the last three centuries.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, accepted to MNRA

X-ray fluorescence determination of bromine in lake sediments for paleoclimatic studies

Оценена возможность использования традиционного рентгенофлуоресцентного метода анализа (РФА) с волновой дисперсией (РФА ВД) и РФА с полным внешним отражением (РФА ПВО) для изучения распределения брома по глубине керна на примере донных отложений о. Байкал и о. Хара-Нур. Для проведения РФА ВД излучатели массой 200-300 мг и диаметром 10 мм прессовали в виде таблеток на подложке из борной кислоты; содержания брома рассчитывали способом внутреннего стандарта с коррекцией с использованием фундаментальных параметров. Для РФА ПВО из измельченной пробы массой 20 мг готовили суспензию на основе поверхностно-активного вещества Triton X-100, в которую добавляли внутренний стандарт - раствор Ge. Пределы обнаружения брома равны 1 мг/кг и 0.4 мг/кг для РФА ВД и РФА ПВО соответственно. Показано, что результаты определения брома, полученные с помощью разных вариантов РФА, сопоставимы между собой и могут быть использованы при палеоклиматических реконструкциях. Одним из основных преимуществ предлагаемых методик РФА ВД и РФА ПВО является отсутствие необходимости наличия стандартных образцов донных отложений с аттестованным содержанием брома.One of the signals of changing paleoclimate is the concentration of bromine which is increased in the warm periods and correlated with the content of organic matter in sediments. A conventional wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis (WDXRF) and total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis (TXRF) have been applied to study the bromine distributions in the sediments of Lake Baikal and Lake Khara-Nur. In order to carry out WDXRF, the samples weighing about 200-300 mg with diameter of 10 mm were pressed as tablets on the boric acid base; the bromine concentrations were calculated by the internal standard method with correction using fundamental parameters. For TXRF measurements the powdered sample weighing 20 mg was suspended in the surface-active solution of Triton X-100 and Ge solution was added for the internal standardization. The detection limits of bromine were 1 mg/kg and 0.4 mg/kg for WDXRF and TXRF respectively. It was shown that the results of the bromine determination obtained with different XRF techniques were comparable to each other and can be used for palaeoclimatic reconstruction. One of the main advantages of the offered WDXRF and TXRF techniques is the lack of necessity for the standard reference materials of sediments with certified content of bromine