1,837 research outputs found
Spectroscopic and physical parameters of Galactic O-type stars. II. Observational constraints on projected rotational and extra broadening velocities as a function of fundamental parameters and stellar evolution
Rotation is of key importance for the evolution of hot massive stars,
however, the rotational velocities of these stars are difficult to determine.
Based on our own data for 31 Galactic O stars and incorporating similar data
for 86 OB supergiants from the literature, we aim at investigating the
properties of rotational and extra line-broadening as a function of stellar
parameters and at testing model predictions about the evolution of stellar
rotation. Fundamental stellar parameters were determined by means of the code
FASTWIND. Projected rotational and extra broadening velocities originate from a
combined Ft + GOF method. Model calculations published previously were used to
estimate the initial evolutionary masses. The sample O stars with Minit > 50
Msun rotate with less that 26% of their break-up velocity, and they also lack
objects with v sin i 35 Msun on the
hotter side of the bi-stability jump, the observed and predicted rotational
rates agree quite well; for those on the cooler side of the jump, the measured
velocities are systematically higher than the predicted ones. In general, the
derived extra broadening velocities decrease toward cooler Teff, whilst for
later evolutionary phases they appear, at the same v sin i, higher for
high-mass stars than for low-mass ones. None of the sample stars shows extra
broadening velocities higher than 110 km/s. For the majority of the more
massive stars, extra broadening either dominates or is in strong competition
with rotation. Conclusions: For OB stars of solar metallicity, extra broadening
is important and has to be accounted for in the analysis. When appearing at or
close to the zero-age main sequence, most of the single and more massive stars
rotate slower than previously thought. Model predictions for the evolution of
rotation in hot massive stars may need to be updated.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in A &
Temperature Dependence of Exciton Diffusion in Conjugated Polymers
The temperature dependence of the exciton dynamics in a conjugated polymer is studied using time-resolved spectroscopy. Photoluminescence decays were measured in heterostructured samples containing a sharp polymer-fullerene interface, which acts as an exciton quenching wall. Using a 1D diffusion model, the exciton diffusion length and diffusion coefficient were extracted in the temperature range of 4-293 K. The exciton dynamics reveal two temperature regimes: in the range of 4-150 K, the exciton diffusion length (coefficient) of ~3 nm (~1.5 × 10-4 cm2/s) is nearly temperature independent. Increasing the temperature up to 293 K leads to a gradual growth up to 4.5 nm (~3.2 × 10-4 cm2/s). This demonstrates that exciton diffusion in conjugated polymers is governed by two processes: an initial downhill migration toward lower energy states in the inhomogenously broadened density of states, followed by temperature activated hopping. The latter process is switched off below 150 K.
Zel'dovich states with very small mass and charge in nonlinear electrodynamics coupled to gravity
It is shown that in non-linear electrodynamics (in particular, Born-Infeld
one) in the framework of general relativity there exist "weakly singular"
configurations such that (i) the proper mass M is finite in spite of
divergences of the energy density, (ii) the electric charge q and Schwarzschild
mass m ~ q can be made as small as one likes, (iv) all field and energy
distributions are concentrated in the core region. This region has an almost
zero surface area but a finite longitudinal size L=2M. Such configurations can
be viewed as a new version of a classical analogue of an elementary particle.Comment: 11 pages. 1 reference added. To appear in Grav. Cosm
Mode-locking of incommensurate phase by quantum zero point energy in the Frenkel-Kontorova model
In this paper, it is shown that a configuration modulated system described by
the Frenkel-Kontorova model can be locked at an incommensurate phase when the
quantum zero point energy is taken into account. It is also found that the
specific heat for an incommensurate phase shows different parameter-dependence
in sliding phase and pinning phase. These findings provide a possible way for
experimentalists to verify the phase transition by breaking of analyticity.Comment: 6 pages in Europhys style, 3 eps figure
Study of the characteristics of photoresistors based on hydrochemically deposited films of Pb0.902Sn0.098Se solid solution
Experimental samples of photoresistors based on a Pb0. 902Sn0. 098Se-solid solution semiconductor films obtained by the layer-by-layer deposition of individual selenides of lead and tin(II) with subsequent thermal activation are developed. The structure and morphology of the thin-film compositions (SnSe-PbSe)2 are studied. The temperature dependences of the dark resistance, signal, noise and its ratio, as well as the frequency and spectral characteristics of photoresistors fabricated on the basis of Pb0. 902Sn0. 098Se films in the range of 205-300 K are studied. The optimal bias voltages are determined. It is shown that the location of the maximum and the right boundary of the photoresponse for Pb0. 902Sn0. 098Se-based photoresistors is shifted, in comparison with PbSe, toward the long-wavelength region by 0. 7 μm. The maximal detectivity of the studied photoresistors (2. 0 × 2. 0 mm) obtained at 230 K was 9 × 109 cm W-1 Hz1/2. The advantages of using the Pb0. 902Sn0. 098Se-based photoresistors in the spectral range of 3. 0-5. 5 μm compared with PbSe-based ones are shown. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd
Coherent Stranski-Krastanov growth in 1+1 dimensions with anharmonic interactions: An equilibrium study
The formation of coherently strained three-dimensional islands on top of the
wetting layer in Stranski-Krastanov mode of growth is considered in a model in
1+1 dimensions accounting for the anharmonicity and non-convexity of the real
interatomic forces. It is shown that coherent 3D islands can be expected to
form in compressed rather than in expanded overlayers beyond a critical lattice
misfit. In the latter case the classical Stranski-Krastanov growth is expected
to occur because the misfit dislocations can become energetically favored at
smaller island sizes. The thermodynamic reason for coherent 3D islanding is the
incomplete wetting owing to the weaker adhesion of the edge atoms. Monolayer
height islands with a critical size appear as necessary precursors of the 3D
islands. The latter explains the experimentally observed narrow size
distribution of the 3D islands. The 2D-3D transformation takes place by
consecutive rearrangements of mono- to bilayer, bi- to trilayer islands, etc.,
after exceeding the corresponding critical sizes. The rearrangements are
initiated by nucleation events each next one requiring to overcome a lower
energetic barrier. The model is in good qualitative agreement with available
experimental observations.Comment: 12 pages text, 15 figures, Accepted in Phys.Rev.B, Vol.61, No2
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