THE CAPITAL STRUCTURE OF COMPANIES LISTED IN THE GREEK STOCK EXCHANGE

The paper’s aim is to review the capital structure theories, and especially signalling theory. It investigates whether the capital structure signalling theory is reliable in cases of companies listed at the Athens Stock Exchange. The companies used in the sample, raised new equity from 2004 until 2006, and the paper examines their stock price reaction to the announcement.Capital structure, signalling theory

The capital structure of companies listed in the greek stock exchange

The paper’s aim is to review the capital structure theories, and especially signalling theory. It investigates whether the capital structure signalling theory is reliable in cases of companies listed at the Athens Stock Exchange. The companies used in the sample, raised new equity from 2004 until 2006, and the paper examines their stock price reaction to the announcement

Capital structure signaling theory : evidence from the greek stock exchange

The paper's aim is to review the capital structure theories, and especially signaling theory. It inves­tigates whether the capital structure signaling theory is reliable in cases of companies listed at the Athens Stock Exchange. The companies used in the sample, raised new equity from 2004 until 2006, and the paper examines their stock price reaction to the announcement

A discrete, unitary, causal theory of quantum gravity

A discrete model of Lorentzian quantum gravity is proposed. The theory is completely background free, containing no reference to absolute space, time, or simultaneity. The states at one slice of time are networks in which each vertex is labelled with two arrows, which point along an adjacent edge, or to the vertex itself. The dynamics is specified by a set of unitary replacement rules, which causally propagate the local degrees of freedom. The inner product between any two states is given by a sum over histories. Assuming it converges (or can be Abel resummed), this inner product is proven to be hermitian and fully gauge-degenerate under spacetime diffeomorphisms. At least for states with a finite past, the inner product is also positive. This allows a Hilbert space of physical states to be constructed.Comment: 38 pages, 9 figures, v3 added to exposition and references, v4 expanded prospects sectio

Gravitational Constraint Combinations Generate a Lie Algebra

We find a first--order partial differential equation whose solutions are all ultralocal scalar combinations of gravitational constraints with Abelian Poisson brackets between themselves. This is a generalisation of the Kucha\v{r} idea of finding alternative constraints for canonical gravity. The new scalars may be used in place of the hamiltonian constraint of general relativity and, together with the usual momentum constraints, replace the Dirac algebra for pure gravity with a true Lie algebra: the semidirect product of the Abelian algebra of the new constraint combinations with the algebra of spatial diffeomorphisms.Comment: 10 pages, latex, submitted to Classical and Quantum Gravity. Section 3 is expanded and an additional solution provided, minor errors correcte

The linearization of the Kodama state

We study the question of whether the linearization of the Kodama state around classical deSitter spacetime is normalizable in the inner product of the theory of linearized gravitons on deSitter spacetime. We find the answer is no in the Lorentzian theory. However, in the Euclidean theory the corresponding linearized Kodama state is delta-functional normalizable. We discuss whether this result invalidates the conjecture that the full Kodama state is a good physical state for quantum gravity with positive cosmological constant.Comment: 14 pages, statement on the corresponding Yang-Mills case correcte

The fermionic contribution to the spectrum of the area operator in nonperturbative quantum gravity

The role of fermionic matter in the spectrum of the area operator is analyzed using the Baez--Krasnov framework for quantum fermions and gravity. The result is that the fermionic contribution to the area of a surface $S$ is equivalent to the contribution of purely gravitational spin network's edges tangent to $S$. Therefore, the spectrum of the area operator is the same as in the pure gravity case.Comment: 10 pages, revtex file. Revised versio

A candidate for a background independent formulation of M theory

A class of background independent membrane field theories are studied, and several properties are discovered which suggest that they may play a role in a background independent form of M theory. The bulk kinematics of these theories are described in terms of the conformal blocks of an algebra G on all oriented, finite genus, two-surfaces. The bulk dynamics is described in terms of causal histories in which time evolution is specified by giving amplitudes to certain local changes of the states. Holographic observables are defined which live in finite dimensional states spaces associated with boundaries in spacetime. We show here that the natural observables in these boundary state spaces are, when G is chosen to be Spin(D) or a supersymmetric extension of it, generalizations of matrix model coordinates in D dimensions. In certain cases the bulk dynamics can be chosen so the matrix model dynamics is recoverd for the boundary observables. The bosonic and supersymmetric cases in D=3 and D=9 are studied, and it is shown that the latter is, in a certain limit, related to the matrix model formulation of M theory. This correspondence gives rise to a conjecture concerning a background independent form of M theory in terms of which excitations of the background independent membrane field theory that correspond to strings and D0 branes are identified.Comment: Latex 46 pages, 21 figures, new results included which lead to a modification of the statement of the basic conjecture. Presentation improve