Analisis Pemilihan Program UPM di Kalangan Pemohon yang Ingin Memasuki Universiti / Institusi Pengajian Tinggi di Malaysia

Kajian bertujuan untuk mengkaji pola pemilihan program-program yang ditawarkan oleh UPM di kalangan calon-calon yang ingin memasuki Universiti/Institusi Pengajian Tinggi. Kajian dikhususkan kepada calon-calon lepasan Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM ) dan Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia (STPM) yang memohon masuk keprogram - program diploma, matrikulasi dan program ijazah.Kajian menggunakan data yang diambil secara rawak daripada senarai merit sesi 1992-93 yang merangkumi kedua-dua jenis peperiksaan,SPM dan STPM, aliran Sains dan aliran Sastera, Bumiputera dan Bukan Bumiputera. Kajian dibantu oleh data-data yang diperolehi daripada Unit Pusat Universiti (UPU) meliputi jumlah permohonan masuk ke Universiti bagi tempoh lima tahun kebelakangan (1980/89- 1992/93). Data-data yang diperolehi dianalisa secara statistik am seperti peratusan dan purata. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa jumlah permohonan ke UPM bagi tempoh lima tahun kebelakangan ini adalah semakin berkurangan, meskipun jumlah permohonan ke Universiti-Universiti secara kesaluruhannya semakin meningkat

The Opportunities of the Application of Islamic Criminal Law According to Indonesian Constitution

Islamic Criminal Law explains criminal offence and the punishments based on Islamic Law. The aim of Islamic criminal law is to maintain peace in the societies, whether for Muslim and non-Muslim, and reform the offenders. Running the Islamic criminal law is the right of every Muslim. The Indonesian Constitution guarantees the citizen’s freedom to run their own religion. In this context, running Islamic criminal law is part of Islamic religion. The objective of this paper is to know the opportunities of the application of Islamic criminal law according to Indonesian Constitution. This qualitative study will analyze the library data by referring to the books, the regulation in Indonesia and other sources that support this issue. Thus this paper is expected to generate the information about the possibility of the application of Islamic criminal law in Indonesia according to the Indonesian Constitution which is the highest law in Indonesia

A legal analysis of successful and problematic Build Operate and Transfer (BOT) projects in Malaysia

The Malaysian government has adopted the Build Operate Transfer (BOT) project contractual arrangement for developing public infrastructure projects like highways and railways. In an effort to balance the economic and social needs of the community, the government has introduced a policy and legal framework to address the issue. The aim of this article is to study factors contributing to both successful and problematic BOT projects in Malaysia. The analysis reveals that there are common underlying factors contributing to the success of BOT projects such as: sound policy and regulatory framework, strong government support, clarity of project formulation and documentation, responsible sponsors and fair deals for all parties. On the other hand, the factors contributing to the problematic projects are individualised. Finally, steps to overcome the problems are elucidated to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of both BOT legal technique and privatisation in general

Nilai-nilai tradisi dalam Buddhisme, Konfusianisme dan Islam : Sumbangannya dalam menghadapi fenomena globalisasi

Nilai-nilai tradisi memainkan peranan yang penting dalam pembentukan identiti negara-negara di Asia Tenggara. Singapura dikenali sebagai sebuah negara Konfisianisrne. Thailand pula adalah sebuah negara yang mengamalkan nilai- nilai tradisi yang berpegang kepada nilai-nilai Buddhisme. Malaysia dengan masyarakat majmuk sebagai sebuah negara Islam, Buddhisme dan Konfisianisme. Unsur-unsur nilai tradisi dalam ketiga-tiga tamadun merupakan nilai-nilai universal yang boleh dipartikularisasikan dalam konteks globalisasi

Gender-Konstruktionen in der "Nation of Islam"

'Dieser Artikel beschäftigt sich mit unterschiedlichen Perspektiven auf Geschlechterverhältnisse in der US-amerikanischen 'Nation of Islam', einer 1930 entstandenen Religionsform des 'African American Islam'. Die AnhängerInnen glauben an die 'Black Race' als das von Allah auserwählte Volk. Durch die Separation von Weißen würden 'African Americans' Würde und Stärke, aber auch Autonomie in allen Lebensbereichen erlangen. In diesem Kontext soll die Relevanz von Gender-Konstruktionen mit ihren Bezügen zu Rassismen, Sexismen und Nationalismen sichtbar gemacht werden. Frauen wird in der 'Nation of Islam' eine passive Rolle im Hintergrund - im Sinne der 'natürlichen' Bestimmung der Frau - zugeschrieben. Jedoch resultieren ihre gesellschaftlichen und politischen Bedeutungen sowohl innerhalb der Organisation als auch im öffentlichen Raum aus vielfältigen Positionierungen, und nicht, wie oft angenommen, aus einem fremdbestimmten, allumfassenden Lebenskonzept.' (Autorenreferat)'This article discusses different aspects of gender roles in the 'Nation of Islam', a religion of 'African American Islam', founded in 1930. The 'Nation of Islam' believes that the 'Black Race' represents the chosen people of Allah and that 'African Americans' should develop their dignity, strength and autonomy through separation from the 'Whites'. In this context the importance of gender roles in reference to racism, sexism and nationalism is being displayed. The 'Nation of Islam' assigns a passive role to women - proposing a 'natural destiny'. However, women demand a multiple positioning due to their social and political relevance for organisations and public space, which is at conflict with such an external, comprehensive life concept claim.' (author's abstract)

Protection against creditors, indemnity and No Claim Benefits (NCB) under life insurance and family takaful

This is a doctrinal and comparative research between the traditional law and the Shariah with regard to issues of protection against creditors, indemnity and no claim benefits (NCB) under life insurance and family takaful. The aim is to find similarities and dissimilarities between life insurance and family takaful vis-à-vis the issues based on Maqasid al-Shariah. It is found that both the traditional law and the Shariah assert that creditors have priority over the life policy and family takaful benefits even if the beneficiaries will get nothing from it. Again, under both systems, it is submitted that although ‘Indemnity’ and ‘No claim benefits’ are paid but the Shariah does not allow forfeiture of the indemnity because of lack of utmost good faith (uberimae fidei) or discontinuing payment of the premiums/contributions by the policyholder or participant. It is further submitted that under takaful the No Claim Benefits (NCB) should be paid based on al-Mudarabah agreement and not interest and uncertainty. And all these ensure protection of religion and property

Cryptocurrency: A Currency or Investment Asset?

As most countries use currencies to denote paper money created as a medium of exchange for buying and selling goods or services. Nevertheless, there are attempts from several entities to create a crypto asset named cryptocurrencies which aims to replace the functions of paper money. The issue arises whether cryptocurrency is valid to be used as a currency or investment asset according to Shariah’s perspective. This article aims to clarify the Shariah views on the legality of cryptocurrency, analyze the suitability of cryptocurrencies as a currency or investment assets, and finally, suggest that cryptocurrency is one of the investment assets or commodities in line with the requirements of Shariah. The research adopts pure legal research methodology utilizing content analysis on the primary and secondary sources. The research findings revealed that Islamic scholars have conflicting views regarding the legality of cryptocurrency as a means of exchange to replace the function of paper money and as an investment asset. Nevertheless, cryptocurrency and crypto assets are required today because of Maqasid Shariah, maslahah, and qawaid fiqhiyyah. Future research should focus on the usage and practice of cryptocurrency worldwide and its legal application in specific countries. Keywords: cryptocurrency, currency, investmen

The current practices of Islamic Build Operate Transfer (BOT) financing contracts: A legal analysis

Build Operate Transfer (BOT) is a kind of legal mechanism of privatisation. It is a business venture between the government and the concessionaire, with the ownership of the project asset transferred to the government at the end of the concession period. In Malaysia, a decade after the beginning of privatisation was marked by the emergence of capital market which consisted of conventional and Islamic capital market. Both Islamic and conventional capital markets facilitate the privatisations and infrastructure projects by the issuance of bonds, equity financing securities and Islamic securities. Islamic BOT financing is a new type of contract in contemporary Islamic law, and it is resulted from the modern infrastructure development needs. Although the financing of BOT is new to the Islamic law, the specific contracts used in the structure are common to the Islamic principles of muamalat (i.e. Islamic transactions) like sale, partnership and lease contract. The objective of this work was to study the current practices of the Islamic BOT financing contracts in Malaysia and other countries. The study adopted an analytical approach by assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the financing contracts via the sale, partnership, and lease contract. Finally, the findings showed that sale-based financing is more popular to the Project Company of BOT in Malaysia due to the fixed return and deferred payment mechanism. On the other hand, the mudarabah and musharakah contract provides an alternative to the project since both structures are in the form of business venture and lease-based financing which exploit the beneficial interest of an asset

Wasatiyyah Values Appreciation in the Syariah Governance as Consumer Understanding Education Mechanisme Towards Islamic Banking System

The concept and values of wasatiyyah are fundamental in Islamic banking practice as the syariahlaw has delineated basic muamalat principles as an operation guideline for the banking industry.So that, all kind of extreme characteristics may be prevented. The principles of wasatiyyah prohibitany element which overlooks the permitted limit namely gambling, uncertainty (gharar), usury,fraud and so on. These elements have to be avoided in life because they were clearly prohibited byAllah SWT due to their oppressive nature especially towards the unfortunate such as the poor orlow-income group. This prohibition is also attached with the heavy intimidation in the hereafter.The Islamic banking system upholds the concept of wasatiyyah through the values of fairness,trust, transparency and accountability which are instilled through the syariah governance system.The appreciation of these values is proposed to be a part of the new curriculum for the financialawareness subject has been presented by the Malaysia government in the 13th Parliamentarysession. It is important to educate and enhance the understanding of the public especially the youngabout the Islamic banking system as an alternative to avoid the prohibited conventional bankingsystem

The roles of public relations in an environmental awareness campaign: a case study of SWM Environment Sdn Bhd

Conducting an environmental awareness campaign by using the qualitative research method exemplifies how public relations (PR) can boost the impact towards audience‟s behavior. Generally, PR practitioners have their own strategies in delivering messages, but there are certain roles that influence the audience‟s behavior, attitude and mentality. This warrants further investigation on the failure factors of current environmental awareness campaigns which revolve around communication theories in obtaining more enlightening and reasonable facts. This study examines the professionalism of PR practitioners and personnel using in-depth interviews and content analysis by reviewing related documentation to understand underlying dynamic practices. The findings will construct the real challenges that implicate the PR practitioners‟ role and the audience‟s reaction towards environmental awareness campaigns in Malaysia