Белорусская культура: традиционные и новые ценности

Материалы IV Республик. науч. конф. студентов, магистрантов и аспирантов, Гомель, 12 мая 2011 г

The impact of radiotherapy in the treatment of desmoid tumours. An international survey of 110 patients. A study of the Rare Cancer Network

PURPOSE: A multi-centre study to assess the value of combined surgical resection and radiotherapy for the treatment of desmoid tumours. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred and ten patients from several European countries qualified for this study. Pathology slides of all patients were reviewed by an independent pathologist. Sixty-eight patients received post-operative radiotherapy and 42 surgery only. Median follow-up was 6 years (1 to 44). The progression-free survival time (PFS) and prognostic factors were analysed. RESULTS: The combined treatment with radiotherapy showed a significantly longer progression-free survival than surgical resection alone (p smaller than 0.001). Extremities could be preserved in all patients treated with combined surgery and radiotherapy for tumours located in the limb, whereas amputation was necessary for 23% of patients treated with surgery alone. A comparison of PFS for tumour locations proved the abdominal wall to be a positive prognostic factor and a localization in the extremities to be a negative prognostic factor. Additional irradiation, a fraction size larger than or equal to 2 Gy and a total dose larger than 50 Gy to the tumour were found to be positive prognostic factors with a significantly lower risk for a recurrence in the univariate analysis. This analysis revealed radiotherapy at recurrence as a significantly worse prognostic factor compared with adjuvant radiotherapy. The addition of radiotherapy to the treatment concept was a positive prognostic factor in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Postoperative radiotherapy significantly improved the PFS compared to surgery alone. Therefore it should always be considered after a non-radical tumour resection and should be given preferably in an adjuvant setting. It is effective in limb preservation and for preserving the function of joints in situations where surgery alone would result in deficits, which is especially important in young patients

Response of extraabdominal desmoid tumors to therapy with imatinib mesylate

BACKGROUND Desmoid tumor represents a rare monoclonal neoplasm arising from deep musculoaponeurotic structures and may occur sporadically or in association with the familial adenomatous polyposis and Gardner syndromes. Desmoid tumors do not appear to demonstrate metastatic potential; however, local infiltrative growth results in significant morbidity and potential mortality. Although the delineation of optimal therapy for desmoid tumors has been confounded by several factors, surgical resection with adjuvant radiotherapy for a positive surgical margin remains the standard approach. Responses have been demonstrated to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents, antiestrogen compounds, and a variety of other agents in small series. Imatinib mesylate appears to demonstrate inhibitory activity against multiple class 3 receptor tyrosine kinases, including platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-Α and PDGFR-Β, as well as c- kit . METHODS The authors performed immunohistochemical and qualitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis on nine desmoid tumor specimens that demonstrated consistent positivity for c- kit as well as PDGFR-Α and PDGFR-Β. At the time of last follow-up, 2 patients had received therapy with imatinib mesylate at a dose of 400 mg twice daily. RESULTS Both patients demonstrated ongoing radiographic and clinical responses with a duration of 9 months and 11 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Imatinib mesylate has been reported to have activity against desmoid tumor, most likely because of c- kit and PDGFR receptor tyrosine kinase activity inhibition, and warrants further study. The relative novelty of this agent and the lack of long-term toxicity data should prompt its use only in the salvage setting in which established local and systemic approaches fail to control disease. In addition, the use of imatinib mesylate in the treatment of this neoplasm preferably should be in the context of a formal prospective clinical trial. Cancer 2002;95:2373–9. © 2002 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.11029Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/34360/1/11029_ftp.pd

Tre livsberättelser – tre hivbärare

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur individen upplevde sitt liv som hivbärare. Genom en narrativ utgångspunkt ville vi strukturera och förstå livsberättelsernas innehåll samt vilken betydelse informanternas bakgrund haft. Följande frågeställningar formulerades för att uppfylla detta syfte: - Vad säger individen om sitt liv? – Om barndom, tonårstid, tiden för hivbeskedet, tiden efter hivbeskedet samt om framtiden? - Hur kan individernas livsberättelser förstås och tolkas med hjälp av valda teorier? Studien är av ett kvalitativt slag, baserad på tre semistrukturerade intervjuer med tre hivbärare. Vi har genom en narrativ utgångspunkt analyserat empirin i tre steg: genom den narrativa teorin har vi strukturerat individernas livsberättelser utifrån deras beskrivningar om barndom, tonårstid, tiden för hivbesked, tiden efter hivbesked samt om framtiden. För det andra har vi analyserat utsagorna i berättelserna genom att applicera de övriga teorier vi valt – stämplingsteori, KASAM, kristeori samt intersektionalitet – på empirin. Slutligen har vi gjort en sammanhängande narrativ analys av individernas livsberättelser genom att fokusera på intriger och vändpunkter i deras livsberättelser, vilka strukturerar berättelserna. Samtliga informanters livsberättelser vittnar om att det existerar en stigmatisering kring hiv i samhälle, vilket påverkar livet som hivbärare kraftigt – där ensamhetskänslor och en hämmad sexualitet lyfts fram som särskilt påtagliga effekter i individernas liv. Det framkom i vår studie att då individen konfronteras med liv och död – en sammanstötning ett hivbesked ofta innebär – infinner sig ett nytt perspektiv på livet där individen inser livets värde. Trots den påverkan hivbärandet har på individernas liv, finner vi i denna studie att individerna hittar möjligheter att hantera livet

Spatial positioning : method development for spatial analysis of interaction in buildings

In offices, knowledge sharing largely depends on everyday face-to-face interaction patterns. These interaction patterns may depend on how employees move through the office space. This thesis explores how these spatial relations influence individual choices with respect to employee movements or routes. Space syntax related research has shown a strong relationship between spatial configuration and pedestrian movement in cities, yet field of space syntax has not applied spatial analysis to the office environment. Although several many space syntax researchers have suggested a connection between spatial configuration of offices and movement patterns of employees, no studies have developed methods to address this issue specifically. Our initial results suggest that organizational borders sometimes work as well as walls regarding movement related to face-to-face interaction in offices. This has led us to perform analysis using occupied spatial positions as a complement to the regular space syntax analysis. Using spatial positioning analysis, we incorporate organizational aspects into space syntax analysis and shift focus from analysis of movement to analysis of interaction. Our papers develop both observational methods and software for spatial modelling. We conclude that rational choice theory and actor network theory can provide useful conceptions and models for how to perform spatial analysis of interactions. Future research should focus on software development and new interpretations related to rational choice, actor networks, and symbolic interactionism.  QC 2010110

Microsoft Word - 102 - Markhede Carranza.doc

Abstract Spatial Positioning tool (SPOT) is an isovist-based spatial analysis software, and is written in Java working as a stand-alone program. SPOT differs from regular Space syntax software as it can produce integration graphs and intervisibility graphs from a selection of positions. The concept of the software originates from a series of field studies on building interiors highly influenced by organizations and social groups. These studies indicated a need for a tool to be developed that can produce graphs using a specific selection of position as starting point for the isovists. Now we have developed spot as a prototype, only for academic use. Basic SPOT operations use selections of positions and creations of isovist sets. The sets can be colour-coded and layered; the layers can be activated and visible by being turned on or off. At this point, there are two graphs produced in SPOT, the isovist overlap graph that shows intervisibility between overlapping isovist fields and the network integration analysis built on visibility relations. The graphs for correlation studies are made using workstations as origin for the isovists. We use data from an office case study regarding face-to-face interaction. The correlation study shows how central positions have more face-to-face interaction sitting at their workstations than the periphery positions. It also shows that walking face-to-face interaction is evenly distributed, and that organizational boarders sometimes work as strong as walls. The program aims to be used as a fast and interactive sketch tool as well as a precise analysis tool. Data, images, and diagrams can be exported for use in conjunction with other CAD or illustration programs. The first stage of development is to have a functioning prototype with the implementation of all the basic algorithms and a minimal basic functionality in respect to user interaction

Positioning Analysis : social structures in configurative modelling

The most common way to model space syntax is to use an even distribution of lines or isovists. In positioning analysis, an uneven distribution of isovists is used in order to integrate social structures into the spatial analysis. These models can be used to analyse spaces highly influenced by social or cultural organisations. In offices, organisational structures can produce a constant bias in patterns of, for example, face-to-face interaction. Furthermore, labelling space according to organisational structure has sometimes been found to be as powerful a barrier as physical walls. In this study, these ‘constant biases’ are treated as being more important as origins rather than as mere biases. Positioning analysis is based on examination of spatial configuration of selected positions that enable these biases to be turned into parts of the analytic model. The selected positions should represent the organised entity of interest and form a subset within the general integration model. This set of points can be analysed configurationally through their spatial relationships, which can then be used together with traditional space syntax models. Thus the subset is described both from internal and external relationships, a fruitful approach in many cases. Applying this methodology when analysing face-to-face interaction in offices has provided strong correlations, which have produced two interesting results: face-to-face interaction correlates both with subsets of spatial distribution and with the integration patterns within the subset. At the same time, our analyses of how department stores and libraries spatially organise commodities and categories provide further support for how an analysis of spatial positioning answers key spatial strategy questions. Brands, types, and other categories position themselves in relation to one another as well as to a general integration and control patterns using modulations of a small set of spatial relations. Basing the configurative models on spatial relations of categories rather than on general spatial relations of an evenly distributed grid provides remarkably clear information. These findings are used to argue for working with positioning analysis parallel to traditional space syntax analysis, especially regarding examining spaces that are highly influenced by social or cultural organisation, such as offices, department stores, libraries, and museums.QC 20150828</p