CALLISTO: towards reusability of a rocket stage: current status

JAXA, CNES and DLR have decided to cooperate to develop and fly a scaled reusable VTVL rocket stage called CALLISTO (Cooperative Action Leading to Launcher Innovation in Stage Toss - back Operations). This vehicle is paving the way for future reusable launch vehicles in Europe and in Japan. During phase B important progress in term of methods and operation philosophy specific to RLV have been made. Amongst other progresses, that will ease the development of future operational VTVL, in the domain of aerodynamic modelling, GNC landing leg deployment but also flight domain definitions are presented. These are concrete results which can at least partly be useful for other RLV projects

Preliminary Design of the Hybrid Navigation System (HNS) for the CALLISTO RLV Demonstrator

This paper focuses on the preliminary design of the Hybrid Navigation System (HNS) in development for the CALLISTO vehicle. The requirements and boundary conditions derived from the mission design are briefly introduced and their impact on the navigation design is discussed. Subsequently, the baseline architecture for the CALLISTO HNS including the design considerations for its sensor suite will be presented. The HNS features an approach that overcomes limitations of conventional navigation based on purely inertial solutions by fusion of measurements from different sensors. In order to satisfy the requested high accuracy in terms of estimation of vertical and lateral position as well as the flight altitude w.r.t. the landing pad, the sensor suite will comprise radar altimeters and a Differential GNSS (DGNSS) system along with ground-based reference stations. The paper concludes with a preliminary performance study of this HNS configuration through covariance analysis and an outlook on the further development of the system

Architectures of Hybrid Navigation Systems (HNS) for Reusable Space Transportation Systems

This paper outlines the development of two Hybrid Navigation Systems (HNS) for recent Vertical Takeoff, Horizontal Landing (VTHL) and Vertical Takeoff, Vertical Landing (VTVL) Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) missions and describes the challenges faced for the development of navigation systems for such applications. It provides an overview of the principal HNS architecture, which is commonly developed for both missions, and presents the selected sensor suites with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers, Differential GNSS (DGNSS), Sun sensors, laser and radar altimeters, and Flush Airdata Sensing (FADS) systems as non-inertial sensors including the required ground-based means and infrastructure. It concludes with a preliminary assessment of the achievable navigation performance for each of these missions

Overview of Flight Guidance, Navigation, and Control for the DLR Reusability Flight Experiment (ReFEx)

This paper gives an overview of the proposed GNC architecture for DLR's Reusability Flight Experiment (ReFEx), which is split into two main subsystems: The Guidance and Control (G&C) subsystem, which determines the desired trajectory from the current flight state to a designated target and issues the necessary commands to the actuators (canards and rudder, as well as a reaction control system for flight phases outside the atmosphere) by calculating the necessary forces and torques based on the required changes of velocity and attitude for following this trajectory; the Hybrid Navigation System (HNS), which is responsible for estimating position, velocity, attitude, angular rates, and other parameters of the flight state. It does so by real-time fusion of measurements of inertial sensors (accelerometers and gyroscopes) with the measurements of GNSS receivers, Sun sensors, laser and radar altimeters. The requirements and boundary conditions set by the mission, the current design baseline for both subsystems, the stability analyses for flight control, the basic guidance strategy chosen as well as the navigation performance assessment through covariance analysis are described and discussed

CALLISTO: A Demonstrator for Reusable Launcher Key Technologies

JAXA, CNES and DLR have decided to join their force to develop and fly a scaled reusable VTVL rocket stage called CALLISTO (Cooperative Action Leading to Launcher Innovation in Stage Toss - back Operations). This vehicle will pave the way for future reusable launch vehicles. One of its main goals is to demonstrate the mastering of key techniques and technologies that will be needed later by operational reusable launch vehicles. Indeed in the frame of CALLISTO numerous challenging technologies are being matured for the specific case of reusable launch vehicles. The challenges of a selection of key technologies developed for CALLISTO are discussed and the solutions retained for CALLISTO are presented

CALLISTO: a Demonstrator for Reusable Launcher Key Technologies

JAXA, CNES and DLR have decided to join their force to develop and fly a scaled reusable VTVL rocket stage called CALLISTO (Cooperative Action Leading to Launcher Innovation in Stage Toss - back Operations). This vehicle will pave the way for future reusable launch vehicles. One of its main goals is to demonstrate the mastering of key techniques and technologies that will be needed later by operational reusable launch vehicles. Indeed in the frame of CALLISTO numerous challenging technologies are being matured for the specific case of reusable launch vehicles. The challenges of a selection of key technologies developed for CALLISTO are discussed and the solutions retained for CALLISTO are presented

A novel µ-conopeptide, CnIIIC, exerts potent and preferential inhibition of NaV1.2/1.4 channels and blocks neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

The µ-conopeptide family is defined by its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs), a property that can be used for the development of myorelaxants and analgesics. We characterized the pharmacology of a new µ-conopeptide (µ-CnIIIC) on a range of preparations and molecular targets to assess its potential as a myorelaxant

Effect of Antiplatelet Therapy on Survival and Organ Support–Free Days in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19

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