Measurement and monitoring of atheromatous lesions of the femoral artery by duplex ultrasound.

In Western Societies atheromatous stenosis and occlusion of the superficial femoral artery cause intermittent claudication in up to 5% of the population over 55 years of age, and the associated morbidity and disability are considerable. A foreknowledge of impending lesion progression might allow prevention of clinical deterioration by early intervention. However, the natural history of these lesions needs to be more fully evaluated. Critical to the monitoring of early lesions is the need for accurate, repeatable and non-invasive investigations. The role of duplex ultrasound in this area is largely unexplored. In this thesis clinical and laboratory data demonstrate the accuracy and repeatability of duplex ultrasound in the measurement of femoral stenoses. A prospective study was carried out to determine the incidence of progression from stenosis to occlusion. There has been an enormous increase in the use of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in the treatment of patients with claudication. However, the relative benefits of PTA over conventional treatment have not been established. A study to determine the role of duplex in screening patients with claudication prior to PTA was carried out. The results demonstrate its accuracy and the consequent clinical benefits. A randomised controlled trial of PTA for patients with intermittent claudication has been established and the early patient data at trial entry are presented

Economic implications of alternative trade relationships: post-Brexit options for the UK

YesThis chapter discuss several key issues for the UK in relation to Brexit. Firstly, how new directions could be initiated to fund infrastructure aimed at boosting the UK's future growth potential and/or promote reindustrialisation by nurturing strategic industries through the early and unknowable stages of their development until they achieve their own international competitive advantage. Secondly, we contest the belief that globalisation has created a new environment eroding the efficiency of traditional policy instruments and with it the relevance of individual nation states. Finally, in this context we conclude by arguing that Brexit offers a unique opportunity to negotiate of a new trade relationship with the EU, together with the rest of the world to both replace previous trade deals concluded by the EU, but also to establish a new set of relationships with a wider set of potential trade partners

Late Roman Britain in transition, A.D. 300-500 : a ceramic perspective from East Yorkshire.

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN042032 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Categorising the past: lessons from the archaeological resource assessment for Yorkshire

This article will consider the implications of the Yorkshire regional assessment for how we categorise, analyse and synthesise the past. It argues that we must transcend the existing frameworks, especially their chronological elements, if we are to fully engage with the evidence currently at our disposal, and do so in a way which takes account of all of its lacunae and limitations, yet details and potentials. This has implications not only for the UK, but for problems facing archaeologists across the world: how to organise, within a coherent framework, the rapidly accumulating masses of data generated by developer-led archaeology and its international equivalents in cultural resource management, and how to forge a stronger relationship between the academic and curatorial spheres of archaeological endeavour

Towards a Settlement

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Britain, the Euro and Beyond

This important book provides an analysis of the economic relationship between Britain and the EU and discusses the future direction in which this relationship might develop. It examines the historic and contemporary costs and benefits of EU membership and assesses whether this has been a burden or a benefit for the British economy. In addition the authors assess current trends and developments, most notably in the area of participation in Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the consequences that this would have. Questions of fiscal federalism, the development of a minimum level of social policy for Europe, together with the likely impact on business and trade unions are also considered. The authors then discuss potential future scenarios, including a more flexible loose membership arrangement or complete withdrawal, and the affect that a range of options might have on the British economy

Crisis in the Eurozone: Causes, Dilemmas and Solutions

NoThis book discusses how the global financial crisis induced the 'Great Recession' and triggered problems within the eurozone regarding sovereign debt. It explores the background of the eurozone crisis, as well as outlines a number of potential solutions. The authors argue that the failure of the eurozone to meet any convergence criteria, together with unjustified emphasis placed upon unproven rules and institutions derived from contemporary neoliberal macroeconomic thinking, was an accident waiting to happen. Additionally, a series of potential remedies is proposed, ranging from a critical evaluation of solutions that the EU has already instigated (moral persuasion and financial relief measures), together with a series of alternative propositions (fiscal federalism and a 'European Clearing Union'). Moreover, the analysis is extended to the collapse of the eurozone and to options for national economic self-governance. This study, with its comprehensive analysis of the eurozone crisis, is essential reading for students, researchers and scholars of monetary economics, European economics, political science and international relations

Demand for religion in the British Isles

This paper analyses, for the first time, consumer preferences for religion within the British Isles. We examine the characteristics of the leading denominations on a cross-sectional basis for 1994 in relation to their membership. It is found that significant factors determining religious membership include the geographical location and period of foundation, specialized regional and ethnic indicators, attributes of ministers, whether 'established' or 'disestablished' and supply-side factors. These findings have repercussions on the future marketing of religion in an increasingly secular and multi-cultural society, together with the debate on the future of the established, or state, churches.