Mass Justice: The Limited and Unlimited Power of Courts

The role of courts in mass tort litigation is examined. The courts\u27 interests in such cases, the power that courts have to aggregate claims, limits on that power and the flexibility that courts have to get around limits are discussed. Ways that courts\u27 interests in resolving mass tort litigation interfere with judicial promulgation and consistent application of legal rules are also discussed

Detection and Description of Sulfonylurea Herbicide Breakdown in Soil

Corn (Zea mays L. \u27Sakata TS60’), grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Merr. \u27Sokota 844\u27], and flax (Linum usitatissimum L. \u27Culbert 79\u27) were tested to determine suitability for petri dish bioassays of chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[ (4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3, 5-triazin-2-yl) amino]carbonyl]benzenesulfonamide}, metsulfuron {2-[[[[ (4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) amino] carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl-]benzoic acid} and chlorimuron {2-[[ (4-chloro-6-methoxypyrimidine-2-yl) amino carbonyl] aminosulfonyl]benzoic acid, ethyl ester}. Sorghum was not an acceptable bioassay species. Corn had a significant response to all three herbicides. Flax was the best indicator species in both soil types tested. The effects of herbicide concentration, temperature, moisture, and pH on decomposition rate of chlorsulfuron and metsulfuron were studied. Both chlorsulfuron and metsulfuron deviated from first-order kinetics. The Arrhenius equation was used to describe temperature influence and gave thermal activation values of 21.1 and 22.8 kcal/mole for chlorsulfuron and metsulfuron, respectively. Moisture response was curvilinear for both compounds as was pH response. The influence of the factors examined in this work was almost identical for both herbicides.The objectives of these studies were: 1) Establish a sensitive sulfonylurea bioassay. 2) Determine what kinetics law should be applied to chlorsulfuron and metsulfuron decomposition in soil. 3) Determine the quantitative effects of soil temperature, moisture, and pH on chlorsulfuron and metsulfuron decomposition in soil. 4) Compare the relative decomposition rates of chlorsulfuron and metsulfuron

Assessing strength and power in resistance training

Maximal Dynamic Strength is usually assessed either by the one repetition maximum test (1-RM) or by a repetition maximum test with submaximal loads, which requires the application of a formula to estimate the value of 1-RM. This value is needed to establish the objective of resistance training: such as maximum strength, endurance strength, and/or explosive strength. However, both 1-RM and submaximal tests are unable to highlight the changes produced on power and velocity. This manuscript summarizes and reviews several common strength testing protocols and proposes a novel approach that may offer greater insight to hierarchical muscle functionalit

Diagnosis and Placement Variables Affecting the Outcome of Adolescents with Behavioral Disorders

The treatment of adolescents with behavior disorders represents significant challenges. This article reviews some of the most effective behavioral and pharmacological treatments identified in the research. The study used outcome data from a residential treatment program to identify variables that predicted level of functioning post-discharge. Significant variables included diagnosis (mood vs. behavior disorder spectrum), co-morbidity and discharge placement

Singular Laplacian Growth

The general equations of motion for two dimensional Laplacian growth are derived using the conformal mapping method. In the singular case, all singularities of the conformal map are on the unit circle, and the map is a degenerate Schwarz-Christoffel map. The equations of motion describe the motions of these singularities. Despite the typical fractal-like outcomes of Laplacian growth processes, the equations of motion are shown to be not particularly sensitive to initial conditions. It is argued that the sensitivity of this system derives from a novel cause, the non-uniqueness of solutions to the differential system. By a mechanism of singularity creation, every solution can become more complex, even in the absence of noise, without violating the growth law. These processes are permitted, but are not required, meaning the equation of motion does not determine the motion, even in the small.Comment: 8 pages, Latex, 4 figures, Submitted to Phys. Rev.