31 research outputs found

    Nasal versus oronasal masks for home non-invasive ventilation in patients with chronic hypercapnia:a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis

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    BACKGROUND: The optimal interface for the delivery of home non-invasive ventilation (NIV) to treat chronic respiratory failure has not yet been determined. The aim of this individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis was to compare the effect of nasal and oronasal masks on treatment efficacy and adherence in patients with COPD and obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS). METHODS: We searched Medline and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for prospective randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of at least 1 month's duration, published between January 1994 and April 2019, that assessed NIV efficacy in patients with OHS and COPD. The main outcomes were diurnal PaCO2, PaO2 and NIV adherence (PROSPERO CRD42019132398). FINDINGS: Of 1576 articles identified, 34 RCTs met the inclusion criteria and IPD were obtained for 18. Ten RCTs were excluded because only one type of mask was used, or mask data were missing. Data from 8 RCTs, including 290 IPD, underwent meta-analysis. Oronasal masks were used in 86% of cases. There were no differences between oronasal and nasal masks for PaCO2 (0.61 mm Hg (95% CI -2.15 to 3.38); p=0.68), PaO2 (-0.00 mm Hg (95% CI -4.59 to 4.58); p=1) or NIV adherence (0·29 hour/day (95% CI -0.74 to 1.32); p=0.58). There was no interaction between the underlying pathology and the effect of mask type on any outcome. INTERPRETATION: Oronasal masks are the most used interface for the delivery of home NIV in patients with OHS and COPD; however, there is no difference in the efficacy or tolerance of oronasal or nasal masks

    Etude des déterminants des fuites non-intentionnelles au cours du traitement des troubles respiratoires du sommeil par pression positive et développement de stratégies innovantes pour le choix des masques et la gestion des fuites

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    Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) is the first-line treatment for moderate to severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) syndrome. Unintentional leakage and its annoying consequences are the most frequently reported adverse effects. However, the causes of unintentional leaks are poorly understood. This thesis aimed at identifying the determining factors of unintentional leaks during CPAP treatment in OSA and developping innovative strategies for the selection of masks and leaks management.In our systematic review we have arbitrarily split the potential determining factors of leaks into two categories: 1) the non evolving factors overnight: nasal obstruction, age, high body mass index, central fat distribution and male sex were potential contributing factors associated with unintentional leakage. The oronasal mask was associated with higher unintentional leaks than the nasal mask; and 2) the evolving factors overnight such as sleep stages, body position, mouth opening and CPAP level. We studied these evolving factors in 74 OSA patients treated with auto-adjusting CPAP: mouth opening, CPAP level, body position and REM sleep were independently associated with an increased risk of unintentional leakage. We also highlighted that oronasal masks reduced the risk of unintentional leaks in cases of mouth opening and REM sleep. Since the CPAP level is a determining factor of leakage we evaluated through an ancillary analysis of a randomised controlled trial whether the type of CPAP (fixed versus auto-adjusting) could contribute to leakage. In this study, there was no effect of type of CPAP on leaks or the type of interface used after 4 month of treatment. Finally, in 214 patients, we prospectively evaluated the relevance of the Nasal Obstruction Syndrom Evaluation (NOSE) score as a simple decision-making tool to guide the choice of mask during CPAP initiation. A NOSE score > 50/100 at the initiation was independently associated with the use of an oronasal mask at 4 month. This score could be a simple tool for the objective assessment of nasal obstruction related to symptoms, facilitating the choice of an appropriate interface. As a conclusion, during this thesis we have developed a novel methodology to characterise and analyse the overnight determinants of unintentional leakage. Its clinical application could lead to individualised corrective measures of leaks. Further studies are needed to prospectively validate this model, as well as the clinical relevance of the NOSE score to guide the choice of mask in daily practice.Au cours du traitement du syndrome d’apnĂ©es obstructives du sommeil (SAOS) par pression positive continue (PPC), les fuites non-intentionnelles sont un des effets indĂ©sirables les plus frĂ©quents mais leur Ă©tiologie est mal comprise. Les objectifs de cette thĂšse Ă©taient d’identifier les facteurs dĂ©terminants des fuites non-intentionnelles au cours du traitement du SAOS par PPC et de proposer des stratĂ©gies pour le choix du masque et la gestion des fuites.Dans notre revue de la littĂ©rature, nous avons arbitrairement classifiĂ© les dĂ©terminants potentiels Ă  l’origine de fuites non-intentionnelles en deux catĂ©gories. 1) les dĂ©terminants non Ă©volutifs au cours de la nuit : l’obstruction nasale, l’ñge, un indice de masse corporel Ă©levĂ©, une distribution centrale des masses adipeuses et le genre masculin Ă©taient des dĂ©terminants potentiels des fuites non-intentionnelles. Le masque naso-buccal Ă©tait Ă©galement associĂ© Ă  des fuites non-intentionnelles plus Ă©levĂ©es que le masque nasal ; et 2) les dĂ©terminants Ă©volutifs au cours du sommeil tels que les stades de sommeil, la position, l’ouverture buccale. Nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© ces dĂ©terminants Ă©volutifs dans une population de 74 patients SAOS traitĂ©s par PPC auto-pilotĂ©e : l’ouverture buccale, le niveau de pression de la PPC, la position du sujet et le sommeil paradoxal contribuaient au risque de fuite non-intentionnelle. Nous avons Ă©galement mis en Ă©vidence que le masque naso-buccal rĂ©duisait le risque de fuite non-intentionnelle en cas d’ouverture buccale et au cours du sommeil paradoxal. Puisque le niveau de pression est un dĂ©terminant des fuites non-intentionnelles, nous avons Ă©valuĂ© par une analyse ancillaire d’un essai randomisĂ© contrĂŽlĂ©, si le mode de PPC (fixe versus autopilotĂ©) pouvait contribuer aux fuites : nous n’avons pas montrĂ© d’association entre le mode et le niveau de fuites aprĂšs 4 mois de traitement. Le mode PPC n’influençait pas le type de masque utilisĂ© par les patients. Enfin, au cours d’une Ă©tude prospective incluant de 214 patients, nous avons Ă©valuĂ© l’intĂ©rĂȘt du questionnaire Nasal Obstruction Syndrom Evaluation (NOSE) comme outil pour guider le choix du masque. Un score NOSE > 50/100 Ă  l’initiation de la PPC Ă©tait indĂ©pendamment associĂ© Ă  l’utilisation d’un masque naso-buccal aprĂšs 4 mois de traitement. Ce score est un outil simple pour Ă©valuer objectivement les symptĂŽmes d’obstruction nasale et faciliter le choix de l’interface la plus appropriĂ©e. En conclusion, au cours de cette thĂšse nous avons dĂ©veloppĂ© une mĂ©thode innovante d’analyse des dĂ©terminants des fuites non-intentionnelles dont l’application clinique pourrait permettre la mise en place des stratĂ©gies de corrections individualisĂ©es des fuites. Cela devra faire l’objet d’une Ă©valuation prospective, tout comme l’intĂ©rĂȘt clinique de l’utilisation en routine du score NOSE pour guide le choix du masque.Mots clĂ©s : syndrome d’apnĂ©es obstructives du sommeil, pression positive continue, fuites, masque, interface, obstruction nasale, sommeil

    Etude des déterminants des fuites non-intentionnelles au cours du traitement des troubles respiratoires du sommeil par pression positive et développement de stratégies innovantes pour le choix des masques et la gestion des fuites

    No full text
    Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) is the first-line treatment for moderate to severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) syndrome. Unintentional leakage and its annoying consequences are the most frequently reported adverse effects. However, the causes of unintentional leaks are poorly understood. This thesis aimed at identifying the determining factors of unintentional leaks during CPAP treatment in OSA and developping innovative strategies for the selection of masks and leaks management.In our systematic review we have arbitrarily split the potential determining factors of leaks into two categories: 1) the non evolving factors overnight: nasal obstruction, age, high body mass index, central fat distribution and male sex were potential contributing factors associated with unintentional leakage. The oronasal mask was associated with higher unintentional leaks than the nasal mask; and 2) the evolving factors overnight such as sleep stages, body position, mouth opening and CPAP level. We studied these evolving factors in 74 OSA patients treated with auto-adjusting CPAP: mouth opening, CPAP level, body position and REM sleep were independently associated with an increased risk of unintentional leakage. We also highlighted that oronasal masks reduced the risk of unintentional leaks in cases of mouth opening and REM sleep. Since the CPAP level is a determining factor of leakage we evaluated through an ancillary analysis of a randomised controlled trial whether the type of CPAP (fixed versus auto-adjusting) could contribute to leakage. In this study, there was no effect of type of CPAP on leaks or the type of interface used after 4 month of treatment. Finally, in 214 patients, we prospectively evaluated the relevance of the Nasal Obstruction Syndrom Evaluation (NOSE) score as a simple decision-making tool to guide the choice of mask during CPAP initiation. A NOSE score > 50/100 at the initiation was independently associated with the use of an oronasal mask at 4 month. This score could be a simple tool for the objective assessment of nasal obstruction related to symptoms, facilitating the choice of an appropriate interface. As a conclusion, during this thesis we have developed a novel methodology to characterise and analyse the overnight determinants of unintentional leakage. Its clinical application could lead to individualised corrective measures of leaks. Further studies are needed to prospectively validate this model, as well as the clinical relevance of the NOSE score to guide the choice of mask in daily practice.Au cours du traitement du syndrome d’apnĂ©es obstructives du sommeil (SAOS) par pression positive continue (PPC), les fuites non-intentionnelles sont un des effets indĂ©sirables les plus frĂ©quents mais leur Ă©tiologie est mal comprise. Les objectifs de cette thĂšse Ă©taient d’identifier les facteurs dĂ©terminants des fuites non-intentionnelles au cours du traitement du SAOS par PPC et de proposer des stratĂ©gies pour le choix du masque et la gestion des fuites.Dans notre revue de la littĂ©rature, nous avons arbitrairement classifiĂ© les dĂ©terminants potentiels Ă  l’origine de fuites non-intentionnelles en deux catĂ©gories. 1) les dĂ©terminants non Ă©volutifs au cours de la nuit : l’obstruction nasale, l’ñge, un indice de masse corporel Ă©levĂ©, une distribution centrale des masses adipeuses et le genre masculin Ă©taient des dĂ©terminants potentiels des fuites non-intentionnelles. Le masque naso-buccal Ă©tait Ă©galement associĂ© Ă  des fuites non-intentionnelles plus Ă©levĂ©es que le masque nasal ; et 2) les dĂ©terminants Ă©volutifs au cours du sommeil tels que les stades de sommeil, la position, l’ouverture buccale. Nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© ces dĂ©terminants Ă©volutifs dans une population de 74 patients SAOS traitĂ©s par PPC auto-pilotĂ©e : l’ouverture buccale, le niveau de pression de la PPC, la position du sujet et le sommeil paradoxal contribuaient au risque de fuite non-intentionnelle. Nous avons Ă©galement mis en Ă©vidence que le masque naso-buccal rĂ©duisait le risque de fuite non-intentionnelle en cas d’ouverture buccale et au cours du sommeil paradoxal. Puisque le niveau de pression est un dĂ©terminant des fuites non-intentionnelles, nous avons Ă©valuĂ© par une analyse ancillaire d’un essai randomisĂ© contrĂŽlĂ©, si le mode de PPC (fixe versus autopilotĂ©) pouvait contribuer aux fuites : nous n’avons pas montrĂ© d’association entre le mode et le niveau de fuites aprĂšs 4 mois de traitement. Le mode PPC n’influençait pas le type de masque utilisĂ© par les patients. Enfin, au cours d’une Ă©tude prospective incluant de 214 patients, nous avons Ă©valuĂ© l’intĂ©rĂȘt du questionnaire Nasal Obstruction Syndrom Evaluation (NOSE) comme outil pour guider le choix du masque. Un score NOSE > 50/100 Ă  l’initiation de la PPC Ă©tait indĂ©pendamment associĂ© Ă  l’utilisation d’un masque naso-buccal aprĂšs 4 mois de traitement. Ce score est un outil simple pour Ă©valuer objectivement les symptĂŽmes d’obstruction nasale et faciliter le choix de l’interface la plus appropriĂ©e. En conclusion, au cours de cette thĂšse nous avons dĂ©veloppĂ© une mĂ©thode innovante d’analyse des dĂ©terminants des fuites non-intentionnelles dont l’application clinique pourrait permettre la mise en place des stratĂ©gies de corrections individualisĂ©es des fuites. Cela devra faire l’objet d’une Ă©valuation prospective, tout comme l’intĂ©rĂȘt clinique de l’utilisation en routine du score NOSE pour guide le choix du masque.Mots clĂ©s : syndrome d’apnĂ©es obstructives du sommeil, pression positive continue, fuites, masque, interface, obstruction nasale, sommeil

    Study of the Determinants of unintentional leaks in the treatment of sleep disordered breathing with continuous positive pressure and development of innovative strategies for the selection of masks and leak management

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    Au cours du traitement du syndrome d’apnĂ©es obstructives du sommeil (SAOS) par pression positive continue (PPC), les fuites non-intentionnelles sont un des effets indĂ©sirables les plus frĂ©quents mais leur Ă©tiologie est mal comprise. Les objectifs de cette thĂšse Ă©taient d’identifier les facteurs dĂ©terminants des fuites non-intentionnelles au cours du traitement du SAOS par PPC et de proposer des stratĂ©gies pour le choix du masque et la gestion des fuites.Dans notre revue de la littĂ©rature, nous avons arbitrairement classifiĂ© les dĂ©terminants potentiels Ă  l’origine de fuites non-intentionnelles en deux catĂ©gories. 1) les dĂ©terminants non Ă©volutifs au cours de la nuit : l’obstruction nasale, l’ñge, un indice de masse corporel Ă©levĂ©, une distribution centrale des masses adipeuses et le genre masculin Ă©taient des dĂ©terminants potentiels des fuites non-intentionnelles. Le masque naso-buccal Ă©tait Ă©galement associĂ© Ă  des fuites non-intentionnelles plus Ă©levĂ©es que le masque nasal ; et 2) les dĂ©terminants Ă©volutifs au cours du sommeil tels que les stades de sommeil, la position, l’ouverture buccale. Nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© ces dĂ©terminants Ă©volutifs dans une population de 74 patients SAOS traitĂ©s par PPC auto-pilotĂ©e : l’ouverture buccale, le niveau de pression de la PPC, la position du sujet et le sommeil paradoxal contribuaient au risque de fuite non-intentionnelle. Nous avons Ă©galement mis en Ă©vidence que le masque naso-buccal rĂ©duisait le risque de fuite non-intentionnelle en cas d’ouverture buccale et au cours du sommeil paradoxal. Puisque le niveau de pression est un dĂ©terminant des fuites non-intentionnelles, nous avons Ă©valuĂ© par une analyse ancillaire d’un essai randomisĂ© contrĂŽlĂ©, si le mode de PPC (fixe versus autopilotĂ©) pouvait contribuer aux fuites : nous n’avons pas montrĂ© d’association entre le mode et le niveau de fuites aprĂšs 4 mois de traitement. Le mode PPC n’influençait pas le type de masque utilisĂ© par les patients. Enfin, au cours d’une Ă©tude prospective incluant de 214 patients, nous avons Ă©valuĂ© l’intĂ©rĂȘt du questionnaire Nasal Obstruction Syndrom Evaluation (NOSE) comme outil pour guider le choix du masque. Un score NOSE > 50/100 Ă  l’initiation de la PPC Ă©tait indĂ©pendamment associĂ© Ă  l’utilisation d’un masque naso-buccal aprĂšs 4 mois de traitement. Ce score est un outil simple pour Ă©valuer objectivement les symptĂŽmes d’obstruction nasale et faciliter le choix de l’interface la plus appropriĂ©e. En conclusion, au cours de cette thĂšse nous avons dĂ©veloppĂ© une mĂ©thode innovante d’analyse des dĂ©terminants des fuites non-intentionnelles dont l’application clinique pourrait permettre la mise en place des stratĂ©gies de corrections individualisĂ©es des fuites. Cela devra faire l’objet d’une Ă©valuation prospective, tout comme l’intĂ©rĂȘt clinique de l’utilisation en routine du score NOSE pour guide le choix du masque.Mots clĂ©s : syndrome d’apnĂ©es obstructives du sommeil, pression positive continue, fuites, masque, interface, obstruction nasale, sommeil.Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) is the first-line treatment for moderate to severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) syndrome. Unintentional leakage and its annoying consequences are the most frequently reported adverse effects. However, the causes of unintentional leaks are poorly understood. This thesis aimed at identifying the determining factors of unintentional leaks during CPAP treatment in OSA and developping innovative strategies for the selection of masks and leaks management.In our systematic review we have arbitrarily split the potential determining factors of leaks into two categories: 1) the non evolving factors overnight: nasal obstruction, age, high body mass index, central fat distribution and male sex were potential contributing factors associated with unintentional leakage. The oronasal mask was associated with higher unintentional leaks than the nasal mask; and 2) the evolving factors overnight such as sleep stages, body position, mouth opening and CPAP level. We studied these evolving factors in 74 OSA patients treated with auto-adjusting CPAP: mouth opening, CPAP level, body position and REM sleep were independently associated with an increased risk of unintentional leakage. We also highlighted that oronasal masks reduced the risk of unintentional leaks in cases of mouth opening and REM sleep. Since the CPAP level is a determining factor of leakage we evaluated through an ancillary analysis of a randomised controlled trial whether the type of CPAP (fixed versus auto-adjusting) could contribute to leakage. In this study, there was no effect of type of CPAP on leaks or the type of interface used after 4 month of treatment. Finally, in 214 patients, we prospectively evaluated the relevance of the Nasal Obstruction Syndrom Evaluation (NOSE) score as a simple decision-making tool to guide the choice of mask during CPAP initiation. A NOSE score > 50/100 at the initiation was independently associated with the use of an oronasal mask at 4 month. This score could be a simple tool for the objective assessment of nasal obstruction related to symptoms, facilitating the choice of an appropriate interface. As a conclusion, during this thesis we have developed a novel methodology to characterise and analyse the overnight determinants of unintentional leakage. Its clinical application could lead to individualised corrective measures of leaks. Further studies are needed to prospectively validate this model, as well as the clinical relevance of the NOSE score to guide the choice of mask in daily practice

    Aides instrumentales mécaniques au désencombrement : définition, aide aux réglages et indications

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    Les techniques de dĂ©sencombrement utilisĂ©es par les kinĂ©sithĂ©rapeutes respiratoires ont pour but de favoriser la migration des sĂ©crĂ©tions bronchiques de la pĂ©riphĂ©rie pulmonaire vers la sphĂšre ORL. Les mĂ©thodes de dĂ©sencombrement usuelles impliquent des techniques manuelles ou le recours Ă  des outils gĂ©nĂ©rant une pression expiratoire positive (oscillante ou non). Toutefois, ces mĂ©thodes peuvent s’avĂ©rer inefficaces dans certaines situations cliniques, motivant le kinĂ©sithĂ©rapeute Ă  recourir Ă  des dispositifs plus volumineux et onĂ©reux. En corollaire, ces derniers nĂ©cessitent souvent une expertise de la part du thĂ©rapeute et sont dĂšs lors utilisĂ©s par une faible proportion de praticiens. Cet article dĂ©crit les principales aides instrumentales au dĂ©sencombrement disponibles actuellement sur le marchĂ©. Il en dresse une description, le fonctionnement et les indications de chacune ainsi que les rĂ©glages de base en fonction de diffĂ©rentes indications.[Pneumatic instrumental airway clearance techniques: Description, settings and indications] Airway clearance techniques aim to eliminate excess of bronchopulmonary secretions. Common airway clearance methods involve manual techniques or the use of (oscillatory) positive expiratory pressure systems. In some clinical situations, these techniques may be ineffective, and the physiotherapist will require pneumatic instrumental support. Unfortunately, these devices are expensive and burdensome. Moreover, as their utilization requires specialized expertise, they are seldom used by practitioners. This article describes the pneumatic instrumental supports mainly used in France for airway clearance techniques currently available. We explain their key characteristics, how they function, and their basic settings according to different indications

    Now is the time to take the next step

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    Detection of Simulated Pediatric Breathing by CPAP/Noninvasive Ventilation Devices

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    International audienceBACKGROUND: Home CPAP and noninvasive ventilation (NIV) are increasingly used in children. An appropriate choice of the CPAP/NIV device, according to the manufacturer recommendations, should guarantee accurate data collection software. However, not all devices display accurate patient data. We hypothesized that the detection of patient breathing may be expressed as a minimal tidal volume (VTmin ) rather than a minimal weight. The aim of the study was to estimate the VTmin detected by home ventilators when set on CPAP. METHODS: Twelve level I-III devices were analyzed using a bench test. Pediatric profiles were simulated with increasing VT values to determine the VTmin that the ventilator may detect. The duration of CPAP use and the presence/absence of waveform tracings on the built-in software were also gathered. RESULTS: VTmin varied according to the device, ranging from 16-84 mL, independent of level category. The duration of CPAP use was underestimated in all level I devices, which were either not able to display any waveform or only intermittently, until VTmin was reached. The duration of CPAP use was overestimated for the level II and III devices, with the display of different waveforms according to the device as soon as the device was switched on. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the VTmin detected, some level I and II devices may be suitable for infants. A careful testing of the device should be done at CPAP initiation, with a review of data generated from ventilator software. Copyrigh

    Correspondence: High positive airway pressure could shorten the drainage period in haemothorax but not physiotherapy intervention.

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    Dos Santos et al conducted a thorough randomised controlled trial with high methodological quality, in which they attempted to evaluate whether mobilisation and respiratory techniques shorten the drainage period and length of hospital stay in patients with pleural effusion. Their second objective was to evaluate whether such a strategy combined with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) could further improve the benefits. [...

    Effect of Intensity of Home Noninvasive Ventilation in Individuals With Neuromuscular and Chest Wall Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data

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    Introduction: Home noninvasive ventilation (NIV), targeting a reduction of carbon dioxide with a combination of sufficient inspiratory support and backup-rate improves outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The aim of this systematic review with individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of intensity of home NIV on respiratory outcomes in individuals with slowly progressive neuromuscular (NMD) or chest-wall disorders (CWD).Methods: Controlled, non-controlled and cohort studies indexed between January-2000 and December 2020 were sought from Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register. Outcomes were diurnal PaCO2, PaO2, daily NIV usage, and interface type (PROSPERO-CRD 42021245121). NIV intensity was defined according to the Z-score of the product of pressure support (or tidal volume) and backup-rate.Results: 16 eligible studies were identified; we obtained IPD for 7 studies (176 participants: 113-NMD; 63-CWD). The reduction in PaCO2 was greater with higher baseline PaCO2. NIV intensity per se was not associated with improved PaCO2 except in individuals with CWD and the most severe baseline hypercapnia. Similar results were found for PaO2. Daily NIV usage was associated with improvement in gas exchange but not with NIV intensity. No association between NIV intensity and interface type was found.Conclusion: Following home NIV initiation in NMD or CWD patients, no relationship was observed between NIV intensity and PaCO2, except in individuals with the most severe CWD. The amount of daily NIV usage, rather than intensity, is key to improving hypoventilation in this population during the first few months after introduction of therapy.& COPY; 2023 SEPAR. Published by Elsevier Espan & SIM;a, S.L.U. All rights reserved
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