The influence of Brazilian plant extracts on Streptococcus mutans biofilm

Nineteen plant extracts obtained from plants from the Brazilian Amazon showed activity against planktonic Streptococcus mutans, an important bacterium involved in the first steps of biofilm formation and the subsequent initiation of several oral diseases. Objective: Our goal was to verify whether plant extracts that showed activity against planktonic S. mutans could prevent the organization of or even disrupt a single-species biofilm made by the same bacteria. Material and Methods: Plant extracts were tested on a single-bacteria biofilm prepared using the Zürich method. Each plant extract was tested at a concentration 5 times higher than its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Discs of hydroxyapatite were submersed overnight in brain-heart infusion broth enriched with saccharose 5%, which provided sufficient time for biofilm formation. The discs were then submersed in extract solutions for one minute, three times per day, for two subsequent days. The discs were then washed with saline three times, at ten seconds each, after each treatment. Supports were allowed to remain in the enriched medium for one additional night. At the end of the process, the bacteria were removed from the discs by vortexing and were counted. Results: Only two of 19 plant extracts showed activity in the present assay: EB1779, obtained from Dioscorea altissima, and EB1673, obtained from Annona hypoglauca. Although the antibacterial activity of the plant extracts was first observed against planktonic S. mutans, influence over biofilm formation was not necessarily observed in the biofilm model. The present results motivate us to find new natural products to be used in dentistry

Prevalência do defeito ósseo de desenvolvimento da mandíbula em exames de tomografi a computadorizada por feixe cônico

The developmental bone defect of the mandible is a bone cavity presenting as a well-defi ned, radiolucent lesion, located in the posterior region of the mandible, just below the inferior dental canal and above the mandibular base. It is asymptomatic, has a greater predilection for males, and a prevalence between 0.1% and 0.48%. The aim of this study was to conduct a review of the literature on the prevalence of this bone defect and compare the literature data to that of an assessment conducted of routine cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) scans from a radiological clinic. The use of diagnostic resources such as cone-beam volumetric tomography was also highlighted. CBCT routine scans taken from July 1st, 2012 to September 27, 2012 were retrieved from the digital archives of a private dental radiology clinic and evaluated, for a total of 1,344 CBCT images. Stafne’s cavity was observed In 22 cases (0.16%). Among the 19 male cases, 15 were Type I, 3 were Type II and 1 was Type III, according to Ariji’s classifi cation.5 All of the 3 female cases (the male-to-female ratio was 6.33:1) were Ariji Type I. The fi ndings of this study were consistent with those from the literature consulted, in that the highest prevalence rates were observed for unilateral, Ariji Type I lesions and in the male gender.O defeito ósseo de desenvolvimento da mandíbula (DODM) é uma cavidade óssea que se apresenta como uma lesão radio lúcida de limites definidos e corticalizados. É assintomático, apresenta uma maior predileção pelo gênero masculino, e tem uma prevalência de 0.1% a 0.48%. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão de literatura com o intuito de ampliar o conhecimento a respeito da prevalência desse defeito ósseo e comparar os dados da literatura com os obtidos por meio de uma avaliação de 1344 exames de rotina realizados por meio da tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) recuperados dos arquivos de uma clínica privada de radiologia odontológica. As imagens foram analisadas no período de 1o de julho de 2012 a 27 de setembro de 2012. Foram observados 22 casos de DODM (0,16%), sendo que 19 casos eram do gênero masculino, totalizando 15 casos do Tipo I, 3 casos do Tipo II e 1 caso do Tipo III de Ariji.5 Foram também encontrados 3 casos do gênero feminino, todos classificados como Tipo I de Ariji, equivalendo a uma proporção entre os gêneros masculino e feminino de 6,33:1. Os resultados encontrados no presente estudo foram compatíveis com os relatados na literatura consultada. Constatou-se uma maior prevalência de lesões unilaterais, Tipo I de Ariji e envolvendo o gênero masculino

Homeopatia na Senescência / Senilidade: Modelo experimental / Homeopathy in Senescence / Senility: Experimental Model

O processo de envelhecimento é contínuo para humanos e animais e é de importância o estudo de medicamentos que possam auxiliar nesta fase. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ação de medicamentos homeopáticos na melhora de tarefas cognitivas, locomoção e avaliação da densidade mineral óssea. Foram utilizados 32 ratos Wistar, machos, com 22 a 23 meses de idade, divididos em 4 grupos e os medicamentos ministrados foram: Calcarea carbônica 30 cH; Baryta muriática 30 cH; Solução hidroalcoólica 10%; Controle Branco. Os animais passaram pelo Campo Aberto (CA), no dia 1 do experimento e após 40 dias de medicação pelos testes Campo Aberto (CA), Labirinto em “T” e reconhecimento de objetos. Após a retirada do fêmur, a densidade mineral foi determinada por números em uma escala de cinza 8 bits em 13 pontos normalizados em 3 áreas do fêmur. No início do experimento não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos no CA. Após a medicação, foi observado aumento dos quadrantes andados no CA (p?0.05), na locomoção total e diminuição do Freezing dos grupos da Calcarea carbônica e Baryta muriática em comparação aos grupos Controle branco e Solução hidroalcoólica. O grupo Baryta muriatica demonstrou maior número de acertos no Teste do Labirinto em T. Não foram observados efeitos significativos do tratamento sobre a densidade mineral óssea na região proximal, distal e média. Os medicamentos foram capazes de aumentar a locomoção dos animais mesmo sem alteração na densidade óssea e a Baryta muriática agiu na melhora cognitiva dos animais em comparação aos outros grupos

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

The influence of Brazilian plant extracts on Streptococcus mutans biofilm

Nineteen plant extracts obtained from plants from the Brazilian Amazon showed activity against planktonic Streptococcus mutans, an important bacterium involved in the first steps of biofilm formation and the subsequent initiation of several oral diseases. Objective: Our goal was to verify whether plant extracts that showed activity against planktonic S. mutans could prevent the organization of or even disrupt a single-species biofilm made by the same bacteria. Material and Methods: Plant extracts were tested on a single-bacteria biofilm prepared using the Zürich method. Each plant extract was tested at a concentration 5 times higher than its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Discs of hydroxyapatite were submersed overnight in brain-heart infusion broth enriched with saccharose 5%, which provided sufficient time for biofilm formation. The discs were then submersed in extract solutions for one minute, three times per day, for two subsequent days. The discs were then washed with saline three times, at ten seconds each, after each treatment. Supports were allowed to remain in the enriched medium for one additional night. At the end of the process, the bacteria were removed from the discs by vortexing and were counted. Results: Only two of 19 plant extracts showed activity in the present assay: EB1779, obtained from Dioscorea altissima, and EB1673, obtained from Annona hypoglauca. Although the antibacterial activity of the plant extracts was first observed against planktonic S. mutans, influence over biofilm formation was not necessarily observed in the biofilm model. The present results motivate us to find new natural products to be used in dentistry

Prevalence of the developmental bone defect of the mandible in cone-beam computed tomography scans

O defeito ósseo de desenvolvimento da mandíbula (DODM) é uma cavidade óssea que se apresenta como uma lesão radio lúcida de limites definidos e corticalizados. É assintomático, apresenta uma maior predileção pelo gênero masculino, e tem uma prevalência de 0.1% a 0.48%. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão de literatura com o intuito de ampliar o conhecimento a respeito da prevalência desse defeito ósseo e comparar os dados da literatura com os obtidos por meio de uma avaliação de 1344 exames de rotina realizados por meio da tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) recuperados dos arquivos de uma clínica privada de radiologia odontológica. As imagens foram analisadas no período de 1o de julho de 2012 a 27 de setembro de 2012. Foram observados 22 casos de DODM (0,16%), sendo que 19 casos eram do gênero masculino, totalizando 15 casos do Tipo I, 3 casos do Tipo II e 1 caso do Tipo III de Ariji.5 Foram também encontrados 3 casos do gênero feminino, todos classificados como Tipo I de Ariji, equivalendo a uma proporção entre os gêneros masculino e feminino de 6,33:1. Os resultados encontrados no presente estudo foram compatíveis com os relatados na literatura consultada. Constatou-se uma maior prevalência de lesões unilaterais, Tipo I de Ariji e envolvendo o gênero masculino.The developmental bone defect of the mandible is a bone cavity presenting as a well-defi ned, radiolucent lesion, located in the posterior region of the mandible, just below the inferior dental canal and above the mandibular base. It is asymptomatic, has a greater predilection for males, and a prevalence between 0.1% and 0.48%. The aim of this study was to conduct a review of the literature on the prevalence of this bone defect and compare the literature data to that of an assessment conducted of routine cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) scans from a radiological clinic. The use of diagnostic resources such as cone-beam volumetric tomography was also highlighted. CBCT routine scans taken from July 1st, 2012 to September 27, 2012 were retrieved from the digital archives of a private dental radiology clinic and evaluated, for a total of 1,344 CBCT images. Stafne’s cavity was observed In 22 cases (0.16%). Among the 19 male cases, 15 were Type I, 3 were Type II and 1 was Type III, according to Ariji’s classifi cation.5 All of the 3 female cases (the male-to-female ratio was 6.33:1) were Ariji Type I. The fi ndings of this study were consistent with those from the literature consulted, in that the highest prevalence rates were observed for unilateral, Ariji Type I lesions and in the male gender

Prevalence of the developmental bone defect of the mandible in cone-beam computed tomography scans

O defeito ósseo de desenvolvimento da mandíbula (DODM) é uma cavidade óssea que se apresenta como uma lesão radio lúcida de limites definidos e corticalizados. É assintomático, apresenta uma maior predileção pelo gênero masculino, e tem uma prevalência de 0.1% a 0.48%. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão de literatura com o intuito de ampliar o conhecimento a respeito da prevalência desse defeito ósseo e comparar os dados da literatura com os obtidos por meio de uma avaliação de 1344 exames de rotina realizados por meio da tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) recuperados dos arquivos de uma clínica privada de radiologia odontológica. As imagens foram analisadas no período de 1o de julho de 2012 a 27 de setembro de 2012. Foram observados 22 casos de DODM (0,16%), sendo que 19 casos eram do gênero masculino, totalizando 15 casos do Tipo I, 3 casos do Tipo II e 1 caso do Tipo III de Ariji.5 Foram também encontrados 3 casos do gênero feminino, todos classificados como Tipo I de Ariji, equivalendo a uma proporção entre os gêneros masculino e feminino de 6,33:1. Os resultados encontrados no presente estudo foram compatíveis com os relatados na literatura consultada. Constatou-se uma maior prevalência de lesões unilaterais, Tipo I de Ariji e envolvendo o gênero masculino.The developmental bone defect of the mandible is a bone cavity presenting as a well-defi ned, radiolucent lesion, located in the posterior region of the mandible, just below the inferior dental canal and above the mandibular base. It is asymptomatic, has a greater predilection for males, and a prevalence between 0.1% and 0.48%. The aim of this study was to conduct a review of the literature on the prevalence of this bone defect and compare the literature data to that of an assessment conducted of routine cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) scans from a radiological clinic. The use of diagnostic resources such as cone-beam volumetric tomography was also highlighted. CBCT routine scans taken from July 1st, 2012 to September 27, 2012 were retrieved from the digital archives of a private dental radiology clinic and evaluated, for a total of 1,344 CBCT images. Stafne’s cavity was observed In 22 cases (0.16%). Among the 19 male cases, 15 were Type I, 3 were Type II and 1 was Type III, according to Ariji’s classifi cation.5 All of the 3 female cases (the male-to-female ratio was 6.33:1) were Ariji Type I. The fi ndings of this study were consistent with those from the literature consulted, in that the highest prevalence rates were observed for unilateral, Ariji Type I lesions and in the male gender

One-year clinical performance of self-etch adhesives in posterior restorations

Purpose: To evaluate the 1-year clinical performance of three self-etching adhesives (Adper Prompt L-Pop, Clearfil S-3 Bond, iBond) in posterior composite restorations using one etch&rinse adhesive (One-Step Plus) as control. Methods: Upon approval by the Institutional Review Board, 121 restorations were inserted in 38 subjects. The adhesives were applied as per manufacturers' instructions. Preparations were restored with a nanofilled resin composite (Filtek Supreme) and evaluated at baseline, 6 months, and 1 year. Statistical analyses included the Chi-square distribution with the McNemar non-parametric test (P< 0.05). Results: At 1 year, 111 restorations in 35 subjects were evaluated using the USPHS modified criteria. No significant changes were observed for the etch&rinse adhesive One-Step Plus. At 1 year the number of Alfa ratings decreased significantly for Clearfil S-3 Bond and for iBond in the categories color match, marginal staining, and marginal adaptation. For Adper Prompt L-Pop, marginal adaptation at 1 year was significantly worse than at baseline. Postoperative sensitivity to air improved significantly for Adper Prompt L-Pop, Clearfil S-3 Bond, and iBond. When the evaluation criteria were paired at 1 year, iBond resulted in a significantly lower number of Alfa ratings than any of the other adhesives for color match, marginal staining, and marginal adaptation. One-Step Plus resulted in a greater number of Alfa ratings for marginal adaptation than either Adper Prompt L-Pop or Clearfil S-3 Bond. Marginal adaptation was significantly better for Clearfil S-3 Bond than for Adper Prompt L-Pop. The post-operative sensitivity measured at 1 year for Adper Prompt L-Pop was statistically better than that for One-Step Plus