Draft genome sequences of Escherichia coli O157: H7 strains Rafaela_II (clade 8) and 7.1_Anguil (clade 6) from cattle in Argentina

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a major etiologic agent of diseases in humans that cause diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of two strains isolated from cattle that had high levels of Shiga toxin 2 and high lethality in mice.Fil: Amadio, Ariel Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Amigo, Natalia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Puebla, Andrea Fabiana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Farber, Marisa Diana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Cataldi, Ángel Adrián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentin

Natural Selection for operons depends on genome size

In prokaryotes, genome size is associated with metabolic versatility, regulatory complexity, effective population size and horizontal transfer rates. We therefore analyzed the co-variation of genome size and operon conservation to assess the evolutionary models of operon formation and maintenance. In agreement with previous results, intra-operonic pairs of essential and of highly expressed genes are more conserved. Interestingly, intra-operonic pairs of genes are also more conserved when they encode proteins at similar cell concentrations, suggesting a role of co-transcription in diminishing the cost of waste and shortfall in gene expression. Larger genomes have fewer and smaller operons that are also less conserved. Importantly, lower conservation in larger genomes was observed for all classes of operons in terms of gene expression, essentiality and balanced protein concentration. We reached very similar conclusions in independent analyses of three major bacterial clades (α- and β-Proteobacteria and Firmicutes). Operon conservation is inversely correlated to the abundance of transcription factors in the genome when controlled for genome size. This suggests a negative association between the complexity of genetic networks and operon conservation. These results show that genome size and/or its proxies are key determinants of the intensity of natural selection for operon organization. Our data fits better the evolutionary models based on the advantage of co-regulation than those based on genetic linkage or stochastic gene expression. We suggest that larger genomes with highly complex genetic networks and many transcription factors endure weaker selection for operons than smaller genomes with fewer alternative tools for genetic regulation.Fil: Nuñez, Pablo Alfredo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Centro de Investigación de Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Hector, Romero. Universidad de la Republica; UruguayFil: Farber, Marisa Diana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Centro de Investigación de Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rocha, Eduardo. Instituto Pasteur; Franci

Genetic and morphological evidence reveals the existence of a new family, genus and species of Echinorhynchida (Acanthocephala)

Gymnorhadinorhynchus gen. n. is proposed to accommodate its type species, G. decapteri sp. n., a parasite of the marine fish Decapterus punctatus (Cuvier), caught from the coastal waters of Brazil. Gymnorhadinorhynchus decapteri sp. n. was morphologically most similar to species of two echinorhynchid families, the Rhadinorhynchidae and the Cavisomidae, particularly in the structure of the proboscis and the absence of somatic spines, respectively. This combination of morphological features made it difficult to assign our specimen to an extant family of the Acanthocephala. Therefore, in order to clarify the systematic placement of G. decapteri, a molecular phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the SSU and LSU rDNA and the mitochondrial cox1 gene sequences obtained for the new taxon and other 26 acanthocephalan species. The results of parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses, using individual, combined and concatenated sequence data, consistently indicate that the specimens do not belong to any known family of the Echinorhynchida. Rather, G. decapteri represents a distinct lineage that is closely related to the Transvenidae, but distantly related to both the Rhadinorhynchidae and the Cavisomidae. Gymnorhadinorhynchidae fam. n. is therefore erected. This newly described family can be distinguished from other families of Echinorhynchida by the combination of the following morphological characters: a proboscis cylindrical with 10 rows of 22?26 hooks, dorsoventral differences in proboscis hooks, basal hooks forming a ring and being abruptly larger than anterior hooks, absence of trunk spines and presence of four tubular cement glands. This combination, in addition to several molecular autapomorphies, justifies the erection of a new genus, Gymnorhadinorhynchus gen. n., in order to accommodate this new species.Fil: Braicovich, Paola Elizabeth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Lanfranchi, Ana Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Farber, Marisa Diana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Marvaldi, Adriana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas; ArgentinaFil: Luque, José L.. Universidade Federal Rural Do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Timi, Juan Tomas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentin

Use of molecular tools for the diagnosis of rangeliosis by Rangelia vitalii in Argentina: A case report

Vector-borne pathogens are responsible for serious emerging diseases and Rangelia vitalii, the etiologic agent of canine rangeliosis, is one of the most pathogenic tick-borne pathogens for dogs in South America. This protozoan is transmitted by the Amblyomma aureolatum tick bite and the clinical features associated to the disease are fever, hemolytic anemia, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly and bleeding from natural orifices, mainly from the ear egde. The reports of canine rangeliosis in Argentina are scarce. In the present study we report the detection of Rangelia vitalii in a naturally infected dog from Gualeguay, Entre Ríos, Argentina with history of tick infestation and clinical signs compatible with rangeliosis. An initial blood sample was positive to piroplasmids by blood smear examination and the molecular amplification of a fragment of the 18SrRNA gene. Sequencing of the fragment confirmed the pathogen identity. After treatment with imidocarb dipropionate, the clinical signs remitted and the blood smear tested negative.Instituto de BiotecnologíaFil: Borras, Pablo. Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán" (ANLIS). Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo Epidemias (CENDIE); ArgentinaFil: Salvador, F. Laboratorio MF Salvador; ArgentinaFil: Rinaldi, V. Laboratorio MF Salvador; ArgentinaFil: Armitano, Rita Inés. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Servicio Bacteriología Especial; ArgentinaFil: Armitano, Rita Inés. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Farber, Marisa Diana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Biotecnología. Laboratorio de Hemoparásitos; Argentina.Fil: Farber, Marisa Diana. Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán" (ANLIS). INEI. Servicio Bacteriología Especial; ArgentinaFil: Sanchez, R. ROSLAB Diagnostico Veterinario; ArgentinaFil: Mori, L. Laboratorio MF Salvador; ArgentinaFil: Guillemi, Eliana Carolina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Guillemi, Eliana Carolina. Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán" (ANLIS). INEI. Servicio Bacteriología Especial; Argentin

Transcriptome profiling of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata towards useful molecular tools for population management

Background: Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a solitary parasitoid of Tephritidae (Diptera) fruit flies of economic importance currently being mass-reared in bio-factories and successfully used worldwide. A peculiar biological aspect of Hymenoptera is its haplo-diploid life cycle, where females (diploid) develop from fertilized eggs and males (haploid) from unfertilized eggs. Diploid males were described in many species and recently evidenced in D. longicaudata by mean of inbreeding studies. Sex determination in this parasitoid is based on the Complementary Sex Determination (CSD) system, with alleles from at least one locus involved in early steps of this pathway. Since limited information is available about genetics of this parasitoid species, a deeper analysis on D. longicaudata's genomics is required to provide molecular tools for achieving a more cost effective production under artificial rearing conditions. Results: We report here the first transcriptome analysis of male-larvae, adult females and adult males of D. longicaudata using 454-pyrosequencing. A total of 469766 reads were analyzed and 8483 high-quality isotigs were assembled. After functional annotation, a total of 51686 unigenes were produced, from which, 7021 isotigs and 20227 singletons had at least one BLAST hit against the NCBI non-redundant protein database. A preliminary comparison of adult female and male evidenced that 98 transcripts showed differential expression profiles, with at least a 10-fold difference. Among the functionally annotated transcripts we detected four sequences potentially involved in sex determination and three homologues to two known genes involved in the sex determination cascade. Finally, a total of 4674SimpleSequence Repeats (SSRs) were in silico identified and characterized. Conclusion: The information obtained here will significantly contribute to the development of D. longicaudata functional genomics, genetics and population-based genome studies. Thousands of new microsatellite markers were identified as toolkits for population genetics analysis. The transcriptome characterized here is the starting point to elucidate the molecular bases of the sex determination mechanism in this species.Fil: Mannino, Maria Constanza. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Genética; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rivarola, Maximo Lisandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Scannapieco, Alejandra Carla. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Genética; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: González, Sergio Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Farber, Marisa Diana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Cladera, Jorge Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Lanzavecchia, Silvia Beatriz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Genética; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Diagnóstico de Entamoeba polecki y su potencial impacto en las condiciones sanitarias de la producción porcina

En Argentina, la producción porcina constituye una actividad en constante aumento, en particular, para la pequeña agricultura familiar. No obstante, este tipo de producción posee ciertas limitaciones (estructurales y ambientales) que, entre otras consecuencias, propician la transmisión enzoótica y zoonótica de diversas infecciones. En este sentido, Entamoeba polecki pertenece al grupo de amebas intestinales que tiene como principal hospedero al cerdo y que con base en diferencias nucleotídicas presentes en una pequeña región del gen ARN ribosomal 18S se distinguen cuatro subtipos (ST1, ST2, ST3 y ST4) que estarían relacionados con el hospedero que parasitan. Se especula que la infección por esta ameba contribuiría al agravamiento de cuadros digestivos producidos por otros patógenos. Por lo expuesto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar si distintos sistemas de producción porcina constituyen un factor de riesgo para la adquisición de E. polecki. Con este propósito, se colectaron y procesaron heces de cerdos procedentes de pequeñas producciones rurales de Misión Nueva Pompeya (provincia de Chaco) y de cerdos procedentes de una estación productiva de Marcos Juárez (provincia de Córdoba). Las heces procesadas fueron inspeccionadas por microscopía óptica y utilizadas para el diagnóstico molecular por PCR. Para lo cual un par de cebadores específicos de E. polecki, que amplifica un fragmento del gen ARN ribosomal 18S, fue diseñado. Los fragmentos amplificados y secuenciados del gen ARN ribosomal 18S confirmaron la presencia de E. polecki en las muestras. Además, el análisis filogenético permitió establecer los subtipos circulantes en los cerdos, los cuales correspondieron a ST1 y ST3. A nuestro entender, este es el primer reporte de diagnóstico y caracterización de E. polecki en Argentina, asociado a la producción porcina.In Argentina, pig production on family farms is increasing. The lack of veterinary animal health planning there as well as inefficient facilities may cause environmental risks that conducive to enzootic and zoonotic transmission of various infections. Entamoeba polecki is a uninucleate-cyst producing intestinal parasite and its main host is the pig. Based on the intra-specific variation of small sequence of 18S rRNA gene, the isolates of E. polecki appeared to be divided into four subtypes (ST1, ST2, ST3 y ST4), which would be related to their hosts. It is speculate that this amoeba would have the ability to increase damage brought about by other intestinal pathogens. For this reason, the aim of this work was to determine whether or not different swine production systems constitute a risk factor for acquiring E. polecki. To achieve this goal, pig feces were collected from family farms in Misión Nueva Pompeya (Province of Chaco) and from an experimental station in Marcos Juárez (Province of Córdoba). Microscopic diagnosis of stool samples was performed in order to detect the presence of E. polecki-like cysts. To molecular diagnosis a set of E. polecki-specific primers based on 18S ribosomal RNA gene was designed and used to PCR assay. Results shown that the particular sanitary conditions of production systems studied, would not be a risk factor for acquiring E. polecki. PCR assays and subsequent sequencing of amplified fragments of 18S rRNA gene confirmed the presence of E. polecki in the samples. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis showed that subtypes 1 and 3 of the parasite are circulating in pigs. In particular, ST3 is the most relevant due to its impact on the health of pigs infected with more than one intestinal pathogen. To our knowledge, this is the first diagnostic and characterization report of E. polecki associated with porcine production in Argentina.Instituto de BiotecnologíaFil: Lopez Arias, Ludmila Sol. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Biológica; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Rectorado. Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud Pública; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Guillemi, Eliana Carolina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Bordoni, Noemí. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Rectorado. Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud Pública; ArgentinaFil: Farber, Marisa Diana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Garbossa, Graciela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Biológica; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Rectorado. Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud Pública; Argentin

Argentine Navy Icebreaker Ship “Almirante Irizar” Sludge Microbial Composition Analysis for Biohydrogen Production

Sludge from the wastewater treatment plant of the Argentinean Navy icebreaker ship “Almirante Irizar” was used as inoculum for biohydrogen production. The bacterial community was monitored throughout the fermentation, by sequencing 16S rRNA amplicons, to establish the microbial dynamics of the bioreactor over time. The established operating procedure assured a hydrogen content, along the process, in the range of 59.2–70.0%. The predominant species found were Clostridium sensu stricto and Sporolactobacillus sp. Clostridium showed higher values in the beginning of the fermentation with more than 90% of relative abundance. Conversely, Sporolactobacillus reached values close to 20% at its end. Additional topics discussed are the role of lactic acid bacteria in fermentative biohydrogen production systems and a series of in-process parameters that would allow control of this population. The results obtained allow supporting the use of this type of sludge as a source of hydrogen-producing bacteria.Fil: García, Rodrigo Enrique. Ministerio de Defensa. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa; ArgentinaFil: Pin Viso, Natalia Daniela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Gerosa, Fernando Ariel. Ministerio de Defensa. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa; ArgentinaFil: Nishinakamasu, Verónica Cecilia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Puebla, Andrea Fabiana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Farber, Marisa Diana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Lavorante, Maria Jose. Ministerio de Defensa. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa; Argentin

Transovarial transmission of anaplasma marginale in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks results in a bottleneck for strain diversity

Anaplasma marginale is an obligate intraerythrocytic bacterium of bovines, responsible for large economic losses worldwide. It is mainly transmitted by Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks and, despite mounting evidence suggesting transovarial transmission, the occurrence of this phenomenon remains controversial. We evaluated the vector competence of R. microplus larvae vertically infected with A. marginale to transmit the bacterium to a naïve bovine. A subgroup of engorged female ticks collected from an A. marginale-positive animal was dissected and the presence of the pathogen in its tissues was confirmed. A second subgroup of ticks was placed under controlled conditions for oviposition. After confirming the presence of A. marginale in the hatched larvae, an experimental infestation assay was conducted. Larvae were placed on an A. marginale-free splenectomized calf. The bacterium was detected in the experimentally infested bovine 22 days post-infestation. We analyzed the A. marginale diversity throughout the transmission cycle using the molecular marker MSP1a. Different genotypes were detected in the mammalian and arthropod hosts showing a reduction of strain diversity along the transmission process. Our results demonstrate the vertical transmission of A. marginale from R. microplus females to its larvae, their vector competence to transmit the pathogen, and a bottleneck in A. marginale strain diversity.Instituto de BiotecnologíaFil: De La Fourniere, Sofía. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO); ArgentinaFil: De La Fourniere, Sofía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Guillemi, Eliana Carolina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO); ArgentinaFil: Guillemi, Eliana Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Paoletta, Martina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO); ArgentinaFil: Paoletta, Martina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Pérez, Agustina Ericlee. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO); ArgentinaFil: Pérez, Agustina Ericlee. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Obregón, Dasiel. University of Guelph. School of Environmental Sciences; CanadáFil: Cabezas-Cruz, Alejandro. Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation (ANSES). Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE). Ecole Nationale Vétérinarie d’Alfort. Laboratoire de Santé Animale; FranciaFil: Sarmiento, Nestor Fabian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mercedes; ArgentinaFil: Farber, Marisa Diana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO); ArgentinaFil: Farber, Marisa Diana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Closing the gaps to understand the tick transmission of Anaplasma marginale among giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) in Argentina

Anaplasma marginale, a well-known cattle pathogen of tropical and subtropical world regions, has been previously molecularly characterized in a giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) from Corrientes, Argentina. Ticks or other hematophagous arthropod involved in the wild transmission cycle remained unknown. The aim of the present study was to analyze the simultaneous occurrence of A. marginale in blood samples and ticks from giant anteaters from Corrientes in order to investigate if ticks could be relevant in the transmission among these mammals. Blood samples from 50 giant anteaters collected in different years and 26 ticks Amblyomma dubitatum and A. sculptum were studied through the molecular amplification of two unequivocal species-specific genes from A. marginale: msp5 and msp1β. Twenty five giant anteaters and tick organs (salivary glands, gut and oviduct) from 11 ticks tested positive to the A. marginale DNA amplification. The further molecular characterization through MSP1a tandem repeats analysis revealed the presence of genotypes circulating among giant anteaters that had been previously identified in cattle blood samples from the same geographical region. These results confirm the presence of A. marginale in giant anteaters in Corrientes and suggests that A. dubitatum and A. sculptum ticks could be involved in the transmission among giant anteaters. Future studies will determine the role of these tick species in the wild transmission cycle in the study area and the eventual connection with the domestic cycle.Fil: Guillemi, Eliana Carolina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Imbert, Mélody. Université Paul Sabatier; FranciaFil: de la Fourniere, Sofía Ana María. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Orozco, Maria Marcela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Peña Martínez, Jorge. The Conservation Land Trust; ArgentinaFil: Rosas, Ana Carolina. The Conservation Land Trust; ArgentinaFil: Montenegro, Valeria Noely. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Farber, Marisa Diana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentin

The first complete genomic structure of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and its chromid

Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens forms part of the gastrointestinal microbiome of ruminants and other mammals, including humans. Indeed, it is one of the most common bacteria found in the rumen and plays an important role in ruminal fermentation of polysaccharides, yet, to date, there is no closed reference genome published for this species in any ruminant animal. We successfully assembled the nearly complete genome sequence of B. fibrisolvens strain INBov1 isolated from cow rumen using Illumina paired-end reads, 454 Roche single-end and mate pair sequencing technology. Additionally, we constructed an optical restriction map of this strain to aid in scaffold ordering and positioning, and completed the first genomic structure of this species. Moreover, we identified and assembled the first chromid of this species (pINBov266). The INBov1 genome encodes a large set of genes involved in the cellulolytic process but lacks key genes. This seems to indicate that B. fibrisolvens plays an important role in ruminal cellulolytic processes, but does not have autonomous cellulolytic capacity. When searching for genes involved in the biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids, no linoleate isomerase gene was found in this strain. INBov1 does encode oleate hydratase genes known to participate in the hydrogenation of oleic acids. Furthermore, INBov1 contains an enolase gene, which has been recently determined to participate in the synthesis of conjugated linoleic acids. This work confirms the presence of a novel chromid in B. fibrisolvens and provides a new potential reference genome sequence for this species, providing new insight into its role in biohydrogenation and carbohydrate degradation.Fil: Rodríguez Hernáez, Javier. Universidad Argentina de la Empresa; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Cerón Cucchi, Maria Esperanza. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Cravero, Silvio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Martinez, Maria Carolina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez, Sergio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Puebla, Andrea. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Dopazo, Joaquin. Hospital Virgen del Rocío; EspañaFil: Farber, Marisa Diana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Paniego, Norma Beatriz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rivarola, Maximo Lisandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin