Influence of Altitude on Pulmonary Function

Variation in lung function at high altitude (HA) impacts the working capacity of individuals and may predispose body towards hypoxia induced illness. So, we investigated the changes in pulmonary function of healthy human male volunteers belonging to two different ethnicities i.e. Indian and Kyrgyz. Twenty, age and BMI matched, volunteers (Indian=10 and Kyrgyz=10) were recruited for the study. Measurement for pulmonary functions (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, PEF, FEF 25-75%, MEF 25%, MEF 50%, MEF 75%, MVV) were performed on each individual at basal (800 m) and high altitude (4,111 m) on day 3,7,14 and 21. Results indicate that Kyrgyz has comparatively higher FVC, FEV1, PEF and MVV values and lower FEV1/FVC ratio upon altitude induction than those of Indian counterparts. Mid expiratory flow FEF25-75% was significantly increased in Kyrgyz upon altitude induction indicate more proficient lung emptying while only moderate increase at day 7 in Indian. MEF25% was significantly increased in Kyrgyz, while no change is observed in Indians at high altitude which indicates that 75% of lung emptying through small airways is better in Kyrgyz. MEF 50% and MEF 75% increased with altitude in both groups. For MVV, the maximum increase was ~17% in Indian at HA14 (p<0.01) and in Kyrgyz ~33% (p<0.001) at HA14 as compared to basal. Difference in lung function response observed, indicates that Kyrgyz has better pulmonary dynamics during altitude exposure as compared to Indian counterparts. The varied result observed may be due to different ethnic origin of the groups

Clinical features of post-COVID-19 period. Results of the international register “Dynamic analysis of comorbidities in SARS-CoV-2 survivors (AKTIV SARS-CoV-2)”. Data from 6-month follow-up

Aim. To study the clinical course specifics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and comorbid conditions in COVID-19 survivors 3, 6, 12 months after recovery in the Eurasian region according to the AKTIV register. Material and methods.The AKTIV register was created at the initiative of the Eurasian Association of Therapists. The AKTIV register is divided into 2 parts: AKTIV 1 and AKTIV 2. The AKTIV 1 register currently includes 6300 patients, while in AKTIV 2 — 2770. Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 receiving in- and outpatient treatment have been anonymously included on the registry. The following 7 countries participated in the register: Russian Federation, Republic of Armenia, Republic of Belarus, Republic of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Republic of Moldova, Republic of Uzbekistan. This closed multicenter register with two nonoverlapping branches (in- and outpatient branch) provides 6 visits: 3 in-person visits during the acute period and 3 telephone calls after 3, 6, 12 months. Subject recruitment lasted from June 29, 2020 to October 29, 2020. Register will end on October 29, 2022. A total of 9 fragmentary analyzes of the registry data are planned. This fragment of the study presents the results of the post-hospitalization period in COVID-19 survivors after 3 and 6 months. Results. According to the AKTIV register, patients after COVID-19 are characterized by long-term persistent symptoms and frequent seeking for unscheduled medical care, including rehospitalizations. The most common causes of unplanned medical care are uncontrolled hypertension (HTN) and chronic coronary artery disease (CAD) and/or decompensated type 2 diabetes (T2D). During 3- and 6-month follow-up after hospitalization, 5,6% and 6,4% of patients were diagnosed with other diseases, which were more often presented by HTN, T2D, and CAD. The mortality rate of patients in the post-hospitalization period was 1,9% in the first 3 months and 0,2% for 4-6 months. The highest mortality rate was observed in the first 3 months in the group of patients with class II-IV heart failure, as well as in patients with cardiovascular diseases and cancer. In the pattern of death causes in the post-hospitalization period, following cardiovascular causes prevailed (31,8%): acute coronary syndrome, stroke, acute heart failure. Conclusion. According to the AKTIV register, the health status of patients after COVID-19 in a serious challenge for healthcare system, which requires planning adequate health system capacity to provide care to patients with COVID-19 in both acute and post-hospitalization period

Features Of Anthropocentric Study Of Sacred Texts

In modern psycholinguistics, a single model of textual semantic perception recognized by all researchers has not yet been developed. However, one point can be confidently confirmed: several receptive networks are involved in the understanding of speech at the same time. Linguistics alone is not enough to fully understand the content of the text. The process of semantic perception of the speech structure means that the student interprets the foreign text, understands the main content, finds hidden ideas, and therefore creates his own alternative text based on the addressee's text

FEATURES OF ANTHROPOCENTRIC STUDY OF SACRED TEXTS

In modern psycholinguistics, a single model of textual semantic perception recognized by all researchers has not yet been developed. However, one point can be confidently confirmed: several receptive networks are involved in the understanding of speech at the same time. Linguistics alone is not enough to fully understand the content of the text. The process of semantic perception of the speech structure means that the student interprets the foreign text, understands the main content, finds hidden ideas, and therefore creates his own alternative text based on the addressee's text

SINTILLYATOR STUDY OF THE PROPERTIES OF SEMICONDUCTOR Si (Li) AND Ge (Li) BASED PHOTODETECTOR

This study is devoted to the study of the principle and basic characteristics (efficiency, separation) of x-ray and gamma detectors. The advantage of scintillation Ge (Li) and Si (Li) detectors over other detectors is its high particle detection efficiency and small bandwidth, as well as its practicality. Ge (Li) detectors are designed to measure the spectrum of gamma rays. The maximum possible value of the detector power distribution has been reached. Observations show that the shape of the spectral line and the uniformity of the electric field play an important role in the accumulation of charges per unit time. Si (Li) detectors. Designed to measure the spectra of beta particles and gamma values. Surface Si (Li) obstacle detectors. mainly for measuring alpha, low energy beta and x-ray spectrum. Despite the high separation ability of Si (Li) energy detectors, their scope in precision beta and X-ray spectroscopy is limited. The detection of metal semiconductor metal structures is widely used in science and technology. In nuclear medicine, a radioactive element is usually injected into the patient’s circulatory system and can be detected by localization in the affected organ, which is widely used to monitor kidney function, bone density and the treatment of atherosclerosis

SINTILLYATOR STUDY OF THE PROPERTIES OF SEMICONDUCTOR Si (Li) AND Ge (Li) BASED PHOTODETECTOR

This study is devoted to the study of the principle and basic characteristics (efficiency, separation) of x-ray and gamma detectors. The advantage of scintillation Ge (Li) and Si (Li) detectors over other detectors is its high particle detection efficiency and small bandwidth, as well as its practicality. Ge (Li) detectors are designed to measure the spectrum of gamma rays. The maximum possible value of the detector power distribution has been reached. Observations show that the shape of the spectral line and the uniformity of the electric field play an important role in the accumulation of charges per unit time. Si (Li) detectors. Designed to measure the spectra of beta particles and gamma values. Surface Si (Li) obstacle detectors. mainly for measuring alpha, low energy beta and x-ray spectrum. Despite the high separation ability of Si (Li) energy detectors, their scope in precision beta and X-ray spectroscopy is limited. The detection of metal semiconductor metal structures is widely used in science and technology. In nuclear medicine, a radioactive element is usually injected into the patient’s circulatory system and can be detected by localization in the affected organ, which is widely used to monitor kidney function, bone density and the treatment of atherosclerosis

Mast Cells in Cardiac Remodeling: Focus on the Right Ventricle

In response to various stressors, cardiac chambers undergo structural remodeling. Long-term exposure of the right ventricle (RV) to pressure or volume overload leads to its maladaptive remodeling, associated with RV failure and increased mortality. While left ventricular adverse remodeling is well understood and therapeutic options are available or emerging, RV remodeling remains underexplored, and no specific therapies are currently available. Accumulating evidence implicates the role of mast cells in RV remodeling. Mast cells produce and release numerous inflammatory mediators, growth factors and proteases that can adversely affect cardiac cells, thus contributing to cardiac remodeling. Recent experimental findings suggest that mast cells might represent a potential therapeutic target. This review examines the role of mast cells in cardiac remodeling, with a specific focus on RV remodeling, and explores the potential efficacy of therapeutic interventions targeting mast cells to mitigate adverse RV remodeling

PENETRATION OF IMPURITIES INTO THE CRYSTAL LATTICE OF SOLID BODIES WITH THE HELP OF ION IMPLANTATION AND BOMBARDMENT

The article explains that by methods of ion implantation or bombardment it is possible to inject foreign impurities into the crystal lattice of metal substrates. For this purpose, a special experimental setup with a high vacuum condition is used. Under normal conditions, atoms or molecules of the atmosphere interact with the surface of solids. As a result of the diffusion process, atoms or molecules of the atmosphere penetrate into the near-surface region, into the crystal lattice of solids and form a connection of some type. Usually, this diffusion process occurs very slowly and for a long time, as a result, the penetration of foreign atoms or molecules into the crystal lattice of solids occurs in very small quantities. Various methods can be used to accelerate the diffusion of foreign atoms and molecules of matter, gas or solid body atoms, by ion implantation or bombardment. These methods make it possible without breaking the crystal lattice of solids or metals, introduces them in large quantities and at a sufficiently high speed, foreign impurities. This process can be carried out in special experimental facilities with high vacuum conditions. In order to obtain samples, the method of simultaneous bombardment with inert gas ions and thermal spraying of various metal materials on the surface of a substrate made of other metal materials was used. As a result of bombardment with inert gas ions, cathodic sputtering of the substrate material occurs and cascading collisions of gas ions with the atoms of the film and substrate materials, resulting in a process of mixing the atoms of the film and substrate material. The article describes the mechanisms of individual modes and prikryvaem cascading collisions. During the simultaneous bombardment of inert gas ions and thermal deposition of various metallic materials on the surface of the substrate, surface and near-surface areas of the crystal lattice of the film-substrate system, radiation-stimulated diffusion, defects, recombination of defects, particle annihilation, vacancies, migration of defects, etc. occur. The film-substrate systems obtained by this method change the physicochemical, mechanical, electrical, corrosion resistance, adhesion, mechanical hardening and other properties. Thus, the use of this method makes it possible to obtain a new type of materials for the needs of science and technolog

Right Ventricular Remodeling and Dysfunction in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Meta-Analysis

Background. Recent studies have reported that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients present alterations in right ventricular (RV) structure and function. However, large randomized controlled trials evaluating the impact of OSA on the right ventricle are lacking. Methods. A comprehensive electronic database (PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) and reference search up to October 30, 2016, was performed. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to assess RV structure and function in OSA patients based on conventional echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging. Results. Twenty-five studies with 1,503 OSA patients and 796 controls were included in this study. OSA patients exhibited an increase in RV internal diameter (weighted mean difference (WMD) (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) 2.49 (1.62 to 3.37); p=0.000) and RV wall thickness (WMD (95% CIs) 0.82 (0.51 to 1.13); p=0.000). Furthermore, OSA patients had a significantly elevated RV myocardial performance index (WMD (95% CI) 0.08 (0.06 to 0.10); p=0.000), decreased RV S’ (WMD (95% CI) −0.95 (−1.59 to −0.32); p=0.003), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (WMD (95% CI) −1.76 (−2.73 to −0.78); p=0.000), and RV fractional area change (WMD (95% CI) −3.16 (−5.60 to −0.73); p=0.011). Conclusion. OSA patients display RV dilatation, increased wall thickening, and altered RV function