Gestão territorial em Unidades de Conservação de Uso Sustentável e incoerências no snuc

Este artigo analisa o modelo de gestão estabelecido pelo Estado brasileiro para as UCUS. Tais territórios, que são usufruídos pelas populações tradicionais agroextrativistas, apresentam estrutura jurídica construída desde a década de 1980 e que cria diretrizes e princípios para sua gestão. As atividades do Grupo de Pesquisa Costeiros vinculado ao programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia da UFBA foram essenciais para as conclusões aqui apresentadas. Reflexões que consideram a relevância das geograficidades locais para o entendimento da organização do tecido social e das ações políticas para a gestão das UCUS. Tem-se no diálogo e na autonomia fenômenos sociais intimamente ligados às práticas da ação política, essencial às transformações necessárias no atual modelo de cogestão para um modelo de autogestão. Esse processo de construção social e política não prescinde da parceria do Estado, o que se questiona é a necessidade de uma parceria emancipatória e não de controle territorial e/ou ideológico

The association of maternal nutrition and children's pre-primary experience with over-age attendance in secondary school: evidence from lowland Nepal.

•Over-age attendance is increasing but remains under-studied in South Asia.•Children fall behind by entering pre-primary or primary late, and by repeating a grade during/after primary school.•Rural location, thin and uneducated mothers predicted late pre-primary entry.•Educational research and interventions need to focus on the earlier time-point of pre-primary.•Improving maternal nutrition and education may ensure timely progression of children in school

Participatory Women's Groups with Cash Transfers Can Increase Dietary Diversity and Micronutrient Adequacy during Pregnancy, whereas Women's Groups with Food Transfers Can Increase Equity in Intrahousehold Energy Allocation.

Background: There is scarce evidence on the impacts of food transfers, cash transfers, or women's groups on food sharing, dietary intakes, or nutrition during pregnancy, when nutritional needs are elevated. Objective: This study measured the effects of 3 pregnancy-focused nutrition interventions on intrahousehold food allocation, dietary adequacy, and maternal nutritional status in Nepal. Methods: Interventions tested in a cluster-randomized controlled trial (ISRCTN 75964374) were "Participatory Learning and Action" (PLA) monthly women's groups, PLA with transfers of 10 kg fortified flour ("Super Cereal"), and PLA plus transfers of 750 Nepalese rupees (∼US$7.5) to pregnant women. Control clusters received usual government services. Primary outcomes were Relative Dietary Energy Adequacy Ratios (RDEARs) between pregnant women and male household heads and pregnant women and their mothers-in-law. Diets were measured by repeated 24-h dietary recalls. Results: Relative to control, RDEARs between pregnant women and their mothers-in-law were 12% higher in the PLA plus food arm (log-RDEAR coefficient = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.21; P = 0.014), but 10% lower in the PLA-only arm between pregnant women and male household heads (-0.11; 95% CI: -0.19, -0.02; P = 0.020). In all interventions, pregnant women's energy intakes did not improve, but odds of pregnant women consuming iron-folate supplements were 2.5-4.6 times higher, odds of pregnant women consuming more animal-source foods than the household head were 1.7-2.4 times higher, and midupper arm circumference was higher relative to control. Dietary diversity was 0.4 food groups higher in the PLA plus cash arm than in the control arm. Conclusions: All interventions improved maternal diets and nutritional status in pregnancy. PLA women's groups with food transfers increased equity in energy allocation, whereas PLA with cash improved dietary diversity. PLA alone improved diets, but effects were mixed. Scale-up of these interventions in marginalized populations is a policy option, but researchers should find ways to increase adherence to interventions. This trial was registered at www.controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN 75964374

Isabelle Moulier, Namibie : Ganupt (1989-1990), Paris, Pedone, 2002

Prost Mario. Isabelle Moulier, Namibie : Ganupt (1989-1990), Paris, Pedone, 2002. In: Revue Québécoise de droit international, volume 16-1, 2003. pp. 269-272