ECUval project: a feasible system to recover salts and reduce water consumption in textile industry

ECUVal system is based on the in situ degradation of organic compounds contained in saline effluents. ECUVal achieves the partial or total degradation of organic compounds by means of an electrochemical treatment combined with ultraviolet irradiation. The removal of organic matter is carried out only by means of electricity, without the addition of chemical reagents because the salts contained in the effluents are used as an electrolyte. After the electrochemical+UV treatment, the effluent still contains all the initial salts and it can be reused in a new production process. Thus, ECUVal process enables to reduce both water and salt consumption, with the subsequent economical and environmental benefits: saving of raw materials and process water, diminution of wastewater salinity and reduction of wastewater discharge taxes. ECUVal system can be applied to remove organic compounds from any type of industrial wastewater with a high content of salts. The use of ECUVal process to treat textile wastewater is especially interesting because dyeing and washing effluents contain chemical additives and residual dyes, which cannot be easily degraded. In general, treatments based on biological processes are inefficient to remove dyes due to their low biodegradability. Physicochemical treatments such as coagulation-flocculation or membrane filtration are used with this purpose but these treatments generate a waste that requires a further treatment. In this sense, the main advantages of the ECUVal system are that no residues are generated and no chemicals are should be added. In addition, the reuse process allows saving 70-100% dyeing water and 15-60% dyeing electrolyte

Relaxation time distribution from time and frequency domain dielectric spectroscopy in poly(aryl ether ether ketone)

A new application of the simulated annealing Monte Carlo procedure is presented and applied to the extraction of the relaxation time distribution from dielectric spectroscopy either in time or frequency domain. This decomposition method named simulated annealing direct signal analysis~SADSA!, is applied to computer generated curves, e(t), e8(v), and e9(v), by using the most widely accepted empirical distributions. The discretized distribution fits exactly the analytical expression which can be evaluated in these cases for the set of parameters used in the simulation. Also, both distribution functions are found to be identical which proves that the method is certainly converging to the right solution in both cases. Experimental results on amorphous poly~aryl ether ether ketone! for e(t), e8(v), and e9(v) are analyzed with SADSA and the obtained relaxation time distribution is used to go from time to frequency domain and reciprocally. The results are compared to those obtained by assuming a Havriliak–Negami profile for the distribution function. © 2000 American Institute of PhysicsConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICIT G97-000594). Comunidad de Madrid 07N/0063/1998! and to DGICYT (Grant No. PB 94-0049) Spain. FPI program of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Culture (MEC).Peer Reviewe