Diferencias terminológicas sobre el concepto de amparo en derecho constitucional en países de lengua castellana.

In the Hispanic-American constitutional law the legal action or the amparo (remedy) as a legal instrument for the protection of individual rights, is an issue that has received a considerable number of legal related studies showing a somewhat widespread terminological confusion. The following work analyses, through a comparative and epistemological approach, the establishment of seventeen countries of Castilian language, noting that the amparo was not included in all the Magna Chartae and the legal content and therefore the terminology varies. The confusion leads to not only a referential qualitative error of the diversified semantic value, but also to a quantitative one, given that, technicality is used in the jargon of legal terms as a synonym for protection.En el derecho constitucional hispanoamericano la acción o recurso de amparo, como instituto jurídico de protección de las garantías de los derechos de la persona, es un tema al que se dedicaron un sinnúmero de estudios de ámbito jurídico de los que emerge una difundida confusión terminológica. Se analizan aquí con un enfoque comparativo y epistemológico diecisiete constituciones de países de lengua castellana, constatando que el amparo no se halla instituido en todas las Cartas Magnas y que varía el contenido jurídico y, por ende, terminológico. La confusión estriba no solo en un error referencial cualitativo del valor semántico diversificado, sino también en uno cuantitativo, al emplearse el tecnicismo en el lenguaje especial del derecho como sinónimo de protección

Marina Bianchi, <i>Vicente Núñez: Parole come armi</i> : Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto (ME), Edizioni Smasher, 2011, 294 pp.

Marina Bianchi desarma y recompone con rigor crítico y método científico cada eslabón de la vida y de la obra del poeta andaluz, ya que los considera “indivisibles e inseparables” para la correcta comprensión del personaje. De esta manera, la estudiosa cita puntualmente los acontecimientos que marcaron la existencia de Vicente Núñez y que, de alguna manera, lo llevaron a refugiarse en la poesía o a someterse a una ineludible dependencia, tal como él la llama, a la “esclavitud de la Ramera”. De acuerdo con esa actitud, encontramos en la obra del aguilarense la visión metafísica del hombre-escritor que debe abandonar su naturaleza humana por la más pura identidad poética: “El arte poético de Núñez se configura entonces como la expresión de un desarraigo, de una separación de la realidad, de una pérdida de identidad que se refleja en los versos llenos de contrastes y dualismos, en los motivos metafísicos y tradicionales que se mezclan y confunden en el canto”.Centro de Estudios de Teoría y Crítica Literari

Hydrodynamical models of type II plateau supernovae

We present bolometric light curves of Type II plateau supernovae obtained using a newly developed, one-dimensional Lagrangian hydrodynamic code with flux-limited radiation diffusion. Using our code we calculate the bolometric light curve and photospheric velocities of SN 1999em, obtaining a remarkably good agreement with observations despite the simplifications used in our calculation. The physical parameters used in our calculation are E = 1.25foe, M = 19 M ⊙, R = 800 R ⊙, and M Ni = 0.056 M ⊙. We find that an extensive mixing of 56Ni is needed in order to reproduce a plateau as flat as that shown by the observations. We also study the possibility to fit the observations with lower values of the initial mass consistently with upper limits that have been inferred from pre-supernova imaging of SN 1999em in connection with stellar evolution models. We cannot find a set of physical parameters that reproduce well the observations for models with pre-supernova mass of ≤12 M ⊙, although models with 14 M ⊙ cannot be fully discarded.Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísica

Hydrodynamical models of type II plateau supernovae

We present bolometric light curves of Type II plateau supernovae obtained using a newly developed, one-dimensional Lagrangian hydrodynamic code with flux-limited radiation diffusion. Using our code we calculate the bolometric light curve and photospheric velocities of SN 1999em, obtaining a remarkably good agreement with observations despite the simplifications used in our calculation. The physical parameters used in our calculation are E = 1.25foe, M = 19 M ⊙, R = 800 R ⊙, and M Ni = 0.056 M ⊙. We find that an extensive mixing of 56Ni is needed in order to reproduce a plateau as flat as that shown by the observations. We also study the possibility to fit the observations with lower values of the initial mass consistently with upper limits that have been inferred from pre-supernova imaging of SN 1999em in connection with stellar evolution models. We cannot find a set of physical parameters that reproduce well the observations for models with pre-supernova mass of ≤12 M ⊙, although models with 14 M ⊙ cannot be fully discarded.Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísica

MicroRNA-155 influences B-cell function through PU.1 in rheumatoid arthritis

MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) is an important regulator of B cells in mice. B cells have a critical role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here we show that miR-155 is highly expressed in peripheral blood B cells from RA patients compared with healthy individuals, particularly in the IgD-CD27- memory B-cell population in ACPA+ RA. MiR-155 is highly expressed in RA B cells from patients with synovial tissue containing ectopic germinal centres compared with diffuse synovial tissue. MiR-155 expression is associated reciprocally with lower expression of PU.1 at B-cell level in the synovial compartment. Stimulation of healthy donor B cells with CD40L, anti-IgM, IL-21, CpG, IFN-α, IL-6 or BAFF induces miR-155 and decreases PU.1 expression. Finally, inhibition of endogenous miR-155 in B cells of RA patients restores PU.1 and reduces production of antibodies. Our data suggest that miR-155 is an important regulator of B-cell activation in RA

A blue point source at the location of supernova 2011DH

We present Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of the field of the Type IIb supernova (SN) 2011dh in M51 performed at ≈1161 rest-frame days after explosion using the Wide Field Camera 3 and near-UV filters F225W and F336W. A star-like object is detected in both bands and the photometry indicates it has negative (F225W-F336W) color. The observed object is compatible with the companion of the now-vanished yellow supergiant progenitor predicted in interacting binary models. We consider it unlikely that the SN is undergoing strong interaction and thus estimate that it makes a small contribution to the observed flux. The possibilities of having detected an unresolved light echo or an unrelated object are briefly discussed and judged unlikely. Adopting a possible range of extinction by dust, we constrain parameters of the proposed binary system. In particular, the efficiency of mass accretion onto the binary companion must be below 50%, if no significant extinction is produced by newly formed dust. Further multiband observations are required in order to confirm the identification of the object as the companion star. If confirmed, the companion star would already be dominant in the UV-optical regime, so it would readily provide a unique opportunity to perform a detailed study of its properties.Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y GeofísicasInstituto de Astrofísica de La Plat

Overweight/obesity affects histological features and inflammatory gene signature of synovial membrane of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Overweight/obesity influence disease burden and clinical outcome of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). The impact of overweight/obesity on synovial tissue (ST) inflammation is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the histological and transcriptional signature of ST obtained from RA in different disease phases (disease onset, failure to first-line conventional DMARDs and in sustained clinical and ultrasound remission) finding that overweight/obese DMARDs naive RA showed higher likelihood of follicular synovitis, higher IHC scores for sublining inflammatory cells (CD68+, CD21+ and CD20+) and higher IL-1RA plasma levels than normal weight RA. Regardless to the synovitis pattern, overweight/obese DMARDs naive RA showed a worse clinical response to "Treat-to-target" (T2T) than normal weight RA at 6 and 12 months follow-up. Conversely, MTX-IR RA did not show significant differences in synovial inflammation based on BMI category. Overweight/obese RA in stable clinical and US remission showed higher degree of residual synovitis in terms of sublining CD68+, CD20+ cells and lining and sublining CD3+ compared to normal weight RA. Finally, gene expression profile analysis revealed that ST of overweight/obese DMARDs naive RA is enriched by CCL3 and MyD88 compared to normal weight RA in sustained disease remission, the latter correlating with BMI and IHC scores for synovial CD68+ cells. These findings suggest that indeed overweight/obese RA show higher degree of synovitis at disease onset and after remission achievement that influences the response rate to T2T and should be considered within the management of patients with RA

A blue point source at the location of supernova 2011DH

We present Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of the field of the Type IIb supernova (SN) 2011dh in M51 performed at ≈1161 rest-frame days after explosion using the Wide Field Camera 3 and near-UV filters F225W and F336W. A star-like object is detected in both bands and the photometry indicates it has negative (F225W-F336W) color. The observed object is compatible with the companion of the now-vanished yellow supergiant progenitor predicted in interacting binary models. We consider it unlikely that the SN is undergoing strong interaction and thus estimate that it makes a small contribution to the observed flux. The possibilities of having detected an unresolved light echo or an unrelated object are briefly discussed and judged unlikely. Adopting a possible range of extinction by dust, we constrain parameters of the proposed binary system. In particular, the efficiency of mass accretion onto the binary companion must be below 50%, if no significant extinction is produced by newly formed dust. Further multiband observations are required in order to confirm the identification of the object as the companion star. If confirmed, the companion star would already be dominant in the UV-optical regime, so it would readily provide a unique opportunity to perform a detailed study of its properties.Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y GeofísicasInstituto de Astrofísica de La Plat

Synovial predictors of differentiation to definite arthritis in patients with seronegative undifferentiated peripheral inflammatory arthritis: MicroRNA signature, histological, and ultrasound features

Objectives: To examine synovial tissue (ST) predictors of clinical differentiation in patients with seronegative undifferentiated peripheral inflammatory arthritis (UPIA). Methods: Fourty-two patients with IgA/IgM-Rheumatoid Factor and anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies negative UPIA, naive to Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs, underwent Gray Scale (GSUS) and power Doppler (PDUS) evaluation and Ultrasound (US) guided ST biopsy. CD68, CD 3 , CD 21 , CD 20 , and CD 31 synovial expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Whole ST microRNA expression was assessed using miScript miRNA PCR Array. Peripheral blood (PB) and synovial fluid (SF) IL-6, VEGF-A, and VEGF-D levels were measured by ELISA and ST TNF expression was assessed by RT-PCR. Each patient was prospectively monitored and classified at baseline and within 1 year as UPIA, Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Spondyloarthritis (SpA) or Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA), respectively. Results: At baseline, CD68 + cells were the most common cells within the lining layer (p &lt; 0.001) in seronegative UPIA, directly correlating with GSUS (R = 0.36; p = 0.02) and PDUS (R = 0.55; p &lt; 0.001). Synovial CD 31+ vessels count directly correlated with GSUS (R = 0.41; p = 0.01) and PDUS (R = 0.52; p &lt; 0.001). During the follow-up, 6 (14.3%) UPIA reached a definite diagnosis (2 RA, 2 SpA and 2 PsA, respectively). At baseline, UPIA who differentiated had higher GSUS (p = 0.01), PDUS scores (p = 0.02) and higher histological scores for CD68+ (p = 0.005 and p = 0.04 for lining and sublining respectively), sublining CD 3+ cells (p = 0.002), CD 31+ vessels count (p &lt; 0.001) and higher IL-6 PB levels (p = 0.01) than patients who remained as UPIA. MiRNA PCR Array showed that among the 86 tested miRNA species, at baseline, miR-346 and miR-214 were significantly down-regulated (p = 0.02 for both) in ST of UPIA who differentiated than in patients who remained as UPIA, inversely correlating with the lining CD68+ cells IHC score (R = -0.641; p = 0.048) and CD 31+ vessels count (R = -0.665; p = 0.036) and with higher baseline ST expression of TNF (p = 0.014). Finally, logistic regression analysis demonstrated that baseline GSUS and PDUS scores 651.5 [OR:22.93 (95%CI:0.98-534.30)] and CD 31+ vessels count 6524.3 [OR:23.66 (95%CI:1.50-373.02)] were independent factors associated with the development of definite arthritis. Conclusions: MiRNA signature, histological and US features of ST may help in the identification of seronegative UPIA with high likelihood of clinical differentiation toward definite seronegative arthritis

Association of CSF and PET markers of neurodegeneration with electroclinical progression in Lafora disease

PurposeTo evaluate the electro-clinical features in association with laboratory and instrumental correlates of neurodegeneration to detect the progression of Lafora disease (LD).MethodsWe investigated the electro-clinical longitudinal data and CSF Aβ42, p-tau181 and t-tauAg, amyloid, and 18F-FDG PET of five unrelated LD families.ResultsThree progressive electro-clinical stages were identified. The early phase was characterized by rare, generalized tonic-clonic and focal visual seizures, followed by the occurrence of myoclonus after a period ranging from 2 to 12 months. The intermediate stage, usually occurring 2 years after the onset of epilepsy, is characterized by a worsening of epilepsy and myoclonus associated with progressive dementia and cerebellar signs. Finally, the late stage, evolving after a mean period of 7 ± 1.41 years from the onset of the disease, was characterized by gait ataxia resulting in bedriddenness, severe dementia, daily/pluri-daily myoclonus, drug-resistant epilepsy, clusters of seizures or status epilepticus, and medical complications. Amyloid (CSF Aβ42, amyloid PET) and neurodegenerative (CSF p-tau181 and t-tauAg, FDG-PET) biomarkers indicate a pattern of cognitive impairment of the non-Alzheimer's disease type. A total of 80% of the LD patients showed more severe hypometabolism in the second FDG-PET scan compared to the first scan performed in a lower phase; the lateral temporal lobe and the thalamus hypometabolism were associated with the presence of intermediate or late phase.ConclusionsThree electroclinical and 18F-FDG PET evolutive stages are useful biomarkers for the progression of LD and could help to evaluate the efficacy of new disease-modifying treatments. The combination of traditional CSF biomarkers improves the diagnostic accuracy of cognitive decline in LD patients, indicating a cognitive impairment of the non-Alzheimer's disease type