Sustentabilidade dos sistemas de produção dos agricultores familiares e produtores de queijo em Nossa Senhora da Glória, semiárido sergipano.

As propriedades no município de Nossa Senhora da Glória, região semiárida de Sergipe, se caracterizam por uma agricultura familiar onde predomina a atividade leiteira, com a fabricação de queijo associada à suinocultura e a criação de outros animais. Para analisar a sustentabilidade dos sistemas de produção dos queijeiros do município, foram identificados indicadores sociais, econômicos, ambientais e político-institucionais. Os indicadores foram mensurados através de pesquisas bibliográficas, observações participantes e aplicação de entrevistas nas unidades de produção. Após sistematização, análise e discussão dos dados levantados, a sustentabilidade foi determinada e, através dos dados representados em biogramas, pode se observar que os sistemas de produção apresentam baixos índices sociais para a moradia e nível educacional; baixos índices ambientais, em decorrência dos dejetos suínos e utilização de lenha; baixos índices políticos em virtude da escassez de assistência técnica e financiamentos; e baixos índices econômicos devido à clandestinidade da produção queijeira, entretanto, os índices de responsabilidade intergeracional e de diversidade foram elevados

Equine Rabies in the Southern Region of Piauí State

Background: Rabies is an infectious disease that is important in the "One Health" worldwide with high lethality rate. The etiological agent is a neurotropic virus, genus Lyssavirus, transmitted mainly through the saliva of infected animals. For equines, the bite of hematophagous bats is the main source of infection. Piauí is an important state for equestrian sports and the increase in the number of horses with neurological clinical signs without diagnosis has increased in recent years. In this context, the aim of this study is to report to the scientific community a confirmed case of equine rabies in the Santa Luz county, Southernmost state of Piauí, Brazil.Case: A 3-year-old female non-defined breed horse, was admitted to the Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI/CPCE). The equine had difficulty walking 2 days ago, in the panoramic inspection was restless and disoriented in the paddock. Rectal temperature of 38.2oC, heart rate of 60 bpm, respiratory rate of 40 mpm, congested mucosa and dyspnea were verified. With the progression of the neurological signals, it positioned itself in a lateral decubitus with pedaling movements, hyperesthesia, dysphagia and paralysis of the hindlimbs. The clinical suspicion was rabies and the Agência de Defesa Agropecuária do Piauí (ADAPI) was communicated to euthanize the animal and collect samples for diagnosis in accordance with official standards of the Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA). At necropsy, there was slight brain hyperemia, with no other significant organ changes. Fragments of the cerebellum, cortex, hippocampus and spinal cord were collected and sent at a temperature of 4oC to perform the Direct Immunofluorescence (DIF) assay. Samples for histopathology were not collected because they do not include assay for confirmatory diagnosis of rabies. The DIF technique with antigen-labeled antibodies were performed in the imprint lamina of these fragments. The fragments were treated according to specific protocol. The results were negative for DIF in the collected equine fragments. For complementary exam, the samples were homogenized, clarified and inoculated intracranial in BALB/C mice, being observed for up to 30 days. The samples were positive after the bioassay.Discussion: Piauí is a state with great equestrian activity that expose the animals to the risks of transmission of infectious diseases. Among these diseases, rabies is important for affecting horses, but also humans (veterinarians and owners). In the present report, the equine showed clinical signs of furious rabies for a short period, rapidly evolving to paralytic form. This clinical aspect must be carefully evaluated by the veterinarian, in order to avoid false clinical suspicions such as tetanus or other non-infectious diseases. The official diagnosis of the rabies is DIF technique, with high sensitive (80-100%). According to the results of the DIF technique, it was possible to confirm the clinical suspicion of rabies in mice previously inoculated with emulsion of fragments of the equine central nervous system (CNS). This fact demonstrates that in negative results for CNS samples from the horse, the bioassay increases the sensitivity of the test and avoids false negative diagnoses. Thus, it was possible to prove that rabies is affecting the equines in the southern region of Piauí state and alerts the breeders and the community to intensify surveillance and control of the hematophagous bats. For the authors, this is the first scientific report of rabies in the region studied

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PORCINE TOXOPLASMOSIS IN THE “ALTO SERTÃO” REGION OF SERGIPE, NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL

Toxoplasma gondii is the etiological agent of toxoplasmosis.Serological studies have demonstrated the parasite occurrence in swine from different regions; however there are no studies that can demonstrate epidemiological status of porcine toxoplasmosis in the Brazilian state of Sergipe. The study purposes were to verify the anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies presence and identify risk factors associated with infection in pigs. An amount of 230 blood samples of pigs over four months of age from 45 farms were collected and analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied on the properties of origin of the animals to identify risk factors associated with theinfection. A seroprevalence of 8.3% with the titre ranging from 64 (15/230) to 1024 (02/230) was found. Animals from the municipalities of Poço Redondo and Canindé de São Francisco showed the highest prevalences, 18.52% (5/27) and 12.90% (4/31), respectively. The seroprevalence found was considered low when compared to previous studies performed in Brazil, particularly in the northeast region. The age of slaughtered animals should be considered and positive association between the variables age and T. gondii infection was found. Most of swine sampled (194/230) were up to six months which may also influence in the seroprevalence. A low anti-T.gondii seroprevalence was observed in the present study, however it is concluded that T. gondii infection is present in pigs population. The knowledge about its frequency contributes to the establishment of strategies for disease control by appliance of prevention measures in livestock production

Occurrence of natural infection by Giardia sp. in goats and sheep reared in extensive system in cerrado of Piauí, Brazil / Ocorrência da infecção natural por Giardia sp. em caprinos e ovinos criados em sistema extensivo no cerrado do Piauí, Brasil

The present study aimed to identify natural infection by Giardia sp. in fecal samples collected from goats and sheep raised in an extensive system in the Cerrado biome of Piauí, Brazil. Two hundred fecal samples from goats and sheep (100 for each species) were collected from 6 properties located in the municipality of Bom Jesus, Piauí, Brazil. In addition, data regarding properties and animals, including species, age, sex, and identification number, were collected. The samples were processed using the centrifugal-flotation technique in zinc sulfate and analyzed using optical microscopy (magnification 40×). Of the 200 samples analyzed, 70 (35%) were positive for Giardia sp., with goats exhibiting an absolute and relative frequency of 37/100 (37%) and adult females being more affected (25/62 [40.32%]), while 33/100 (33%) sheep were positive, with greater positivity also observed in adult females (17/55 [30.90%]). Results of this study demonstrate for what is to our knowledge the first time that goats and sheep raised extensively are exposed to infection by Giardia sp. in Bom Jesus, Piauí. This is also presumably the first report to describe giardiasis in goats and sheep in the state of Piauí, Brazil