Using digital learning technologies to enhance students’ learning experiences in the first year of university

The introduction of a common first year among all health science students at Curtin University in 2011 presented a challenge to engage large classes of students from diverse health disciplines and entry pathways to university. A range of digital learning technologies were trialled in one core compulsory unit of the common first year to increase engagement and collaboration among interprofessional groups of students. Students enrolled in Evidence Informed Health Practice 100 were invited to complete an online survey to evaluate the technologies trialled. Students’ opinions of the technologies trialled were mixed. Audience response devices were highly valued as a tool that engaged students in a large class environment; provided formative feedback, and allowed individuals to share opinions without being identified. Students reported contributing to the student-authored wiki summary of weekly learning concepts did not assist them in understanding the learning concepts. Successful application of learning technologies can be enhanced by supporting teaching staff to confidently use the technology, and ensuring the physical learning space including internet connectivity, can support the technologies

Contextual factors influencing early return to work in the rural and remote sector

Early return to work (RTW) interventions are important in facilitating successful and timely resumption of the worker role following a work-related injury. Early RTW strategies include strong communication between the employer, injured worker and treating physician; maintenance of the worker role, and accommodation of the injured worker through the provision of suitable alternative duties and modification of the workplace. In the State of Western Australia, all regions beyond the capital city are considered rural and remote. Workplace rehabilitation providers working in rural and remote regions face unique challenges in implementing early RTW interventions for injured workers due to issues of geographic distance, work cultures and limited availability of alternative jobduties. This paper discusses some of the factors restricting early RTW interventions and possible strategies to overcome these hurdles

Why do children think they get discomfort related to daily activities?

Children commonly report musculoskeletal discomfort related to different activities such as computer use, playing electronic games, watching TV, reading, and performing physical and hand intensive activities. Discomfort can result in disability and is a strong predictor of future discomfort in adulthood. Adult beliefs regarding discomfort can affect the level of disability and are modifiable. Children's beliefs regarding discomfort could potentially be modified to minimise disability related to musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of this study was to describe children's beliefs about why they experience musculoskeletal discomfort, both in general and related to specific activities. Eighty eight school children completed questionnaires on frequency and usual duration of nine activities, whether they had felt discomfort and what they believed was the cause of any discomfort in relation to those activities. The most common activity was TV watching, and most activities were performed for 1 hour or shorter. Bad posture and doing too much of a certain activity were the most common beliefs regarding reasons for discomfort. This study shows that children are developing beliefs that tend to reflect scientific

Associations between exposure to Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and reported discomfort among adolescents

BACKGROUND: Use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are common among adolescents in their daily activities.Exposure to ICT has been associated with discomfort and musculoskeletal disorders in adults, with growing concern about the potential risks to children and adolescents' physical health. OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to (i) quantify self-reported discomfort and exposure to ICT among adolescents; and (ii) determine if associations exist between discomfort and levels of exposure.PARTICIPANTS: The participant group comprised 33 Australian adolescents aged 12–15 years. METHODS: The study used self-reports by participants for a one week period. Intensity and location of discomfort was reported via a written discomfort log. ICT exposure and physical activity were reported through an electronic time-use diary. RESULTS: The most common ICT types reported by participants were television, mobile phones and desktop and laptop computers. Discomfort was reported by 86% of participants. The most frequently reported areas were the legs, head/neck, back and shoulders. There was no statistical association found between ICT exposure and discomfort. The majority of participants exceeded the recommended 60 minutes per day of moderate to vigorous physical activity.CONCLUSIONS: High exposure to ICT and high prevalence of low level discomfort was reported by the participants. Participating in regular physical activity may have some protective effect against ICT-related discomfort

Posture variation among office workers when using different information and communication technologies at work and away from work

Office workers perform tasks using different information and communication technologies (ICT) involving various postures. Adequate variation in postures and muscle activity is generally believed to protect against musculoskeletal complaints, but insufficient information exists regarding the effect on postural variation of using different ICT. Thus, this study among office workers aimed to determine and compare postures and postural variation associated with using distinct types of ICT. Upper arm, head and trunk postures of 24 office workers were measured with the Physiometer R over a whole day in their natural work and away-from-work environments. Postural variation was quantified using two indices: APDF(90-10) and EVA(sd). Various ICT had different postural means and variation. Paper-based tasks had more non-neutral, yet also more variable postures. Electronics-based tasks had more neutral postures, with less postural variability. Tasks simultaneously using paper- and electronics-based ICT had least neutral and least variable postures. Tasks without ICT usually had the most posture variability. Interspersing tasks involving different ICT could increase overall exposure variation among office workers and may thus contribute to musculoskeletal risk reduction

Managing children's postural risk when using mobile technology at home: Challenges and strategies

Maintaining the musculoskeletal health of children using mobile information and communication technologies (ICT) at home presents a challenge. The physical environment influences postures during ICT use and can contribute to musculoskeletal complaints. Few studies have assessed postures of children using ICT in home environments. The present study investigated the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) scores determined by 16 novice and 16 experienced raters. Each rater viewed 11 videotaped scenarios of a child using two types of mobile ICT at home. The Grand Scores and Action Levels determined by study participants were compared to those of an ergonomist experienced in postural assessment. All postures assessed were rated with an Action Level of 2 or above; representing a postural risk that required further investigation and/or intervention. The sensitivity of RULA to assess some of the unconventional postures adopted by children in the home is questioned

To Chase or not to Chase: A Study on the Role of Mentalization and Alcohol Consumption in Chasing Behavior

Background and aims: Chasing is a behavioral marker and a diagnostic criterion for gambling disorder. Although chasing has been recognized to play a central role in gambling disorder, research on this topic is relatively scarce. This study investigated the association between chasing, alcohol consumption, and mentalization among habitual gamblers. Method: A total of 132 adults took part in the study. Participants were administered the South Oaks Gambling Screen, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire, and a laboratory task assessing chasing behavior. Participants were randomly assigned to three experimental conditions (Control, Loss, and Win). To deeply investigate chasing behavior, participants were requested to indicate the reasons for stopping or continuing playing at the end of the experimental session. Results: Logistic regression analysis showed that the choice to stop or continue playing depended on experimental condition and alcohol use. Hierarchical linear regression indicated that chasing propensity was affected by experimental condition, alcohol consumption, and deficit in mentalization. The results of path analysis showed that hypermentalizing predicts chasing not only directly, but also indirectly via alcohol consumption. Conclusions: Overall, these results for the first time showed that hypermentalization plays a key role in chasing behavior over and above gambling severity. Since these findings support the idea that chasers and non-chasers are different subtypes of gamblers, clinical interventions should consider the additive role of chasing in gambling disorder

Relationship between nutritional status, consumption of non nutritive foods and stress perception in perimenopausal women

La perimenopausia puede afectar el peso corporal, la ingesta alimentaria y el estado anímico de las mujeres. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir la relación entre estado nutricional, consumo de alimentos no nutritivos y percepción de estrés en mujeres adultas (40-65años) habitantes de Vedia, Provincia de Bs. As (Argentina). Estudio descriptivo transversal, muestra no probabilística a las mujeres, se las clasificó según etapa biológica en pre y postmenopáusicas y se controló el consumo de ansiolíticos. Se evaluó estado nutricional mediante índice de masa corporal (IMC) y riesgo cardio-metabólico (RCM) según circunferencia de cintura (CC). La percepción de estrés (PS) se valoró por escala de estrés percibido (PSS-10). Se estimó el consumo de alimentos no nutritivos, bebidas azucaradas y alimentos ricos en grasas. Se incluyeron 91 mujeres, edad media de 52,1 años (DS= 7,7) (40% premenopáusicas; 60% posmenopáusicas). El 62,6% presentó sobrepeso u obesidad y 70,3% RCM. La media de PS fue 15 puntos (DS= 6,0), siendo mayor en las postmenopáusicas (p= 0,03) y en las que consumían ansiolíticos (p< 0,001). La PS no se asoció al IMC (p= 0,83) ni a la distribución adiposa (p= 0,95). El consumo de alimentos no nutritivos fue similar en ambos grupos, sólo se registró un consumo mayor de chocolates en posmenopáusicas (p= 0,03). Así, el climaterio y la menopausia se deberían abordar por un equipo interdisciplinario, capacitados desde una perspectiva biopsicosocial y no solo desde la óptica clínica.Perimenopause is a critical period that can affect body weight, food intake and mood. Our objective was to describe the relationship between nutritional status, nonnutritive food consumption and perception of psychological stress in adult women (40-65 years old) from Vedia, Province of Buenos Aires (Argentina). A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out using a non-probabilistic sample. Women were classified according to the biological stage in pre-and postmenopausal and anxiolytic consumption was controlled. Nutritional status was measured by body mass index (BMI) and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) by waist circumference (WC). The perception of stress (PS) was assessed using the PSS-10 scale. Consumption of non-nutritive foods, sugary drinks and high-fat foods was estimated. Ninety-one women were included with a mean age of 52,1 years (SD= 7,7) (40% premenopausal; 60% postmenopause); 62,6% were overweight or obese” and 70,3% had CMR according to WC. The mean of PS for the sample was 15 points (SD= 6,0), which was higher in postmenopausal women (p= 0,03) and in those who consumed anxiolytics (p<0,001). PS was not associated with BMI (p= 0,83) nor with adipose distribution (p= 0,95). The consumption of non-nutritive foods was similar among women in both biological stages, except the consumption of chocolate that was higher in the postmenopausal (p= 0,03). Thus, the climacteric and menopause should be addressed by an interdisciplinary team, trained from a biopsychosocial perspective and not only from a clinical perspective.Fil: Rossi, María Laura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Nutrición; ArgentinaFil: Janjetic, Mariana Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Nutrición; ArgentinaFil: Ferreyra, Marina Alexandra. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Nutrición; ArgentinaFil: Ciccarelli, Maria Albertina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Nutrición; ArgentinaFil: Matioli, María. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Nutrición; ArgentinaFil: Vásquez, Felisa. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Nutrición; ArgentinaFil: Torresani, María Elena. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Nutrición; Argentin

Attachment dimensions and adolescent gambling: The mediating role of mentalization

Background: Several studies demonstrated that insecure attachment style represents a risk factor for gambling behavior. The recent literature strongly argues that attachment could be better described as a dimensional construct, in as much as variations in attachment seem to exist on a graded continuum rather than in categories, better grasped by dimensional models. However, only a few studies have investigated the role of specific attachment dimensions in adolescent gambling. Moreover, even if the role of attachment style on mentalization abilities and their influence on gambling are well established, no studies have so far investigated how attachment dimensions and mentalization interact each other in influencing gambling behavior. The present study was aimed to clarify the role of specific dimensions of attachment in adolescent gambling and to explore, for the first time, the causal relationships between attachment, mentalization, and adolescent gambling. Methods: Four hundred and eighty-two adolescents aged 16-20 years were administered the South Oaks Gambling Screen Revised for Adolescents (SOGS-RA), the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ), and the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ-8). Results: The results of the hierarchical linear regression analysis showed that high scores on Uncertainty about mental states (RFQ-8) and Preoccupation with relationships (ASQ) were significant predictors of gambling severity. Moreover, mediational analysis revealed that the effect of Preoccupation with relationships on gambling severity was totally mediated by Uncertainty about mental states. Conclusion: The present study provided, for the first time, insight into the interrelationships between attachment dimensions, mentalization, and gambling severity, and suggested that preoccupation with relationships may be an important precursor to gambling and support the hypothesis that adolescents preoccupied with relationships have more severe gambling involvement due to poor mentalization abilities. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed