The indigenous constitutional jurisdiction in Oaxaca

Prospectiva Jurídica. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Jurídicas, Justicia Penal y Seguridad Pública, Facultad de Derecho, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México.Los pueblos indígenas han luchado históricamente por sus derechos colectivos. Derechos que le han sido reconocidos en el ámbito internacional, tales como el derecho de libre determinación y autonomía. A nivel nacional, los pueblos indígenas desde 2001, tienen garantizado constitucionalmente el derecho a ejercer dicha autonomía y un aspecto de ésta se puede manifestar en la administración de justicia. Este es el tema que nos refleja el Primer Tribunal Unitario del Décimo Tercer Circuito con sede en Oaxaca al emitir una sentencia, la cual se revisará, en la que se declina jurisdicción a favor de una comunidad indígena para que sus autoridades internas resuelvan el conflicto de acuerdo con su sistema normativo (usos y costumbres). El presente documento abarca los antecedentes fácticos de la sentencia, la sentencia del juzgado de distrito y, acompañados de una base documental, la revisión de la resolución del tribunal federal sobre la declinación de competencia.Prospectiva Jurídica. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Jurídicas, Justicia Penal y Seguridad Pública, Facultad de Derecho, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México

Long term management of obstructive sleep apnea and its comorbidities

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a worldwide highly prevalent disease associated with systemic consequences, including excessive sleepiness, impairment of neurocognitive function and daytime performance, including driving ability. The long-term sequelae of OSA include and increase risk for cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and metabolic syndrome disorders that ultimately lead to premature death if untreated. To ensure optimal long-term outcomes, the assessment and management of OSA should be personalized with the involvement of the appropriate specialist. Most studies have demonstrated inmediate improvement in daytime somnolence and quality of life with CPAP and other therapies, but the effect of long-term treatment on mortality is still under debate. Currently, the long-term management of OSA should be based on a) identifying physiological or structural abnormalities that are treatable at the time of patient evaluation and b) comprehensive lifestyle interventions, especially weight-loss interventions, which are associated with improvements in OSA severity, cardiometabolic comorbidities, and quality of life. In long-term management, attention should be paid to the clinical changes related to a potential reoccurrence of OSA symptoms and it is also necessary to monitor throughout the follow up how the main associated comorbidities evolve

Upper airway and systemic inflammation in obstructive sleep apnoea

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with pharyngeal inflammation, but the coexistence of systemic inflammation is controversial. This study investigated whether local and systemic inflammatory biomarkers are related in patients with OSA. An uncontrolled extension to the study assessed the response to effective treatment. We recruited 89 patients with OSA (apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) =5 events · h-1), 28 snorers and 26 healthy controls. Pharyngeal lavage (PHAL) and plasma samples were collected at baseline and after a 1-year follow-up. Inflammatory cells were evaluated by flow cytometry; interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor-a were evaluated by immunoassay. In PHAL, CD4+ T-cells, IL-6 and IL-8 were higher in OSA patients than in snorers or healthy controls ( p<0.05). The AHI correlated with CD4+, IL-6 and IL-8 in PHAL (all p-values <0.05). There were no differences in the inflammatory biomarkers in plasma between the study groups and no relationship between plasma and PHAL biomarkers. Biomarkers decreased significantly in PHAL but not in plasma after 1 year of therapy with continuous positive airway pressure or surgery. In patients with OSA, increased levels of inflammatory biomarkers were found in PHAL, which were reduced with effective treatment. No simultaneous increase in plasma inflammatory biomarkers was found. Copyrigh

Multi-Sensor Localization and Navigation for Remote Manipulation in Smoky Areas

Abstract When localizing mobile sensors and actuators in indoor  environments  laser  meters,  ultrasonic  meters  or  even image processing techniques are usually used. On  the  other  hand,  in  smoky  conditions,  due  to  a  fire  or  building collapse, once the smoke or dust density grows,  optical  methods  are  not  efficient  anymore.  In  these  scenarios  other  type  of  sensors  must  be  used,  such  as  sonar,  radar  or  radiofrequency  signals.  Indoor  localization in low‐visibility  conditions due to  smoke is  one of the EU GUARDIANS [1] project goals.   The developed method aims to position a robot in front  of doors, fire extinguishers and other points of interest  with  enough  accuracy  to  allow  a  human  operator  to  manipulate the robot’s arm in order to actuate over the  element.  In  coarse‐grain  localization,  a  fingerprinting technique  based  on  ZigBee  and  WiFi  signals  is  used,  allowing  the robot  to  navigate  inside  the  building  in  order  to  get  near  the  point  of  interest  that  requires  manipulation.  In  fine‐grained  localization  a  remotely  controlled  programmable  high  intensity  LED  panel  is  used, which acts as a reference to the system in smoky  conditions.  Then,  smoke  detection  and  visual  fine‐ grained localization are used to position the robot with  precisely in the manipulation point (e.g., doors, valves,  etc.)

A visually-guided position control method, in underwater conditions, using an inexpensive remotely operated vehicle

Ponència presentada a 9th Martech International Workshop on Marine Technology (MARTECH 2021), Vigo, 16-18 juny, 202

Long term management of obstructive sleep apnea and its comorbidities

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a worldwide highly prevalent disease associated with systemic consequences, including excessive sleepiness, impairment of neurocognitive function and daytime performance, including driving ability. The long-term sequelae of OSA include and increase risk for cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and metabolic syndrome disorders that ultimately lead to premature death if untreated. To ensure optimal long-term outcomes, the assessment and management of OSA should be personalized with the involvement of the appropriate specialist. Most studies have demonstrated inmediate improvement in daytime somnolence and quality of life with CPAP and other therapies, but the effect of long-term treatment on mortality is still under debate. Currently, the long-term management of OSA should be based on a) identifying physiological or structural abnormalities that are treatable at the time of patient evaluation and b) comprehensive lifestyle interventions, especially weight-loss interventions, which are associated with improvements in OSA severity, cardiometabolic comorbidities, and quality of life. In long-term management, attention should be paid to the clinical changes related to a potential reoccurrence of OSA symptoms and it is also necessary to monitor throughout the follow up how the main associated comorbidities evolve

Long-Term Stroke Risk Prediction in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation:Comparison of the ABC-Stroke and CHA2DS2-VASc Scores

Background The ABC ‐stroke score (age, biomarkers [N‐terminal fragment B‐type natriuretic peptide, high‐sensitivity troponin], and clinical history [prior stroke/transient ischemic attack]) was proposed to predict stroke in atrial fibrillation ( AF ). This score was derived/validated in 2 clinical trial cohorts in which patients with AF were highly selected and carefully followed‐up. However, the median follow‐up was 1.9 years in the trial cohort; therefore, its long‐term predictive performance remains uncertain. This study aimed to compare the long‐term predictive performances of the ABC ‐stroke and CHA 2 DS 2 ‐ VAS c (cardiac failure or dysfunction, hypertension, age ≥75 [doubled], diabetes mellitus, stroke [doubled]—vascular disease, age 65 to 74 years and sex category [female]) scores in a cohort of anticoagulated patients with AF. Methods and Results We recruited 1125 consecutive patients with AF who were stable on vitamin K antagonists and followed‐up for a median of 6.5 years. ABC ‐stroke and CHA 2 DS 2 ‐ VAS c (cardiac failure or dysfunction, hypertension, age ≥75 [doubled], diabetes mellitus, stroke [doubled]—vascular disease, age 65 to 74 years and sex category [female]) scores were calculated and compared. Median CHA 2 DS 2 ‐ VAS c and ABC ‐stroke scores were 4 (interquartile range 3–5) and 9.1 (interquartile range 7.3–11.3), respectively. There were 114 ischemic strokes (1.55% per year) at 6.5 years. The C‐index of ABC ‐stroke at 3.5 years was significantly higher than CHA 2 DS 2 ‐ VAS c (0.663 versus 0.600, P =0.046), but both C‐indexes were nonsignificantly different at 6.5 years. Integrated discrimination improvement showed a small improvement (&lt;2%) in sensitivity at 3.5 and 6.5 years with ABC ‐stroke. For ABC ‐stroke, net reclassification improvement was nonsignificantly different at 3.5 years, and showed a negative reclassification at 6.5 years compared with CHA 2 DS 2 ‐ VAS c. Decision curve analyses did not show a marked improvement in clinical usefulness of the ABC ‐stroke score over the CHA 2 DS 2 ‐ VAS c score. Conclusions In anticoagulated patients with AF followed‐up over a long‐term period, the novel ABC ‐stroke score does not offer significantly better predictive performance compared with the CHA 2 DS 2 ‐ VAS c score. </jats:sec

CompaRob: the shopping cart assistance robot

Technology has recently been developed which offers an excellent opportunity to design systems with the ability to help people in their own houses. In particular, assisting elderly people in their environments is something that can significantly improve their quality of life. However, helping elderly people outside their usual environment is also necessary, to help them to carry out daily tasks like shopping. In this paper we present a person-following shopping cart assistance robot, capable of helping elderly people to carry products in a supermarket. First of all, the paper presents a survey of related systems that perform this task, using different approaches, such as attachable modules and computer vision. After that, the paper describes in detail the proposed system and its main features. The cart uses ultrasonic sensors and radio signals to provide a simple and effective person localization and following method. Moreover, the cart can be connected to a portable device like a smartphone or tablet, thus providing ease of use to the end user. The prototype has been tested in a grocery store, while simulations have been done to analyse its scalability in larger spaces where multiple robots could coexist.This work was partly supported by Spanish Ministry under Grant DPI2014-57746-C3 (MERBOTS Project) and by Universitat Jaume I Grants P1-1B2015-68 and PID2010-12