Expression of aggressiveness modulates mesencephalic c-fos activation during a social interaction test in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)

It is well known that during a social conflict, interactions are dependent on the animal's propensity to behave aggressively as well as the behavior of the opponent. However, discriminating between these two confounding factors was difficult. Recently, a Social Interaction (SI) test using photocastrated males as non-aggressive stimuli was proposed as a useful tool to evaluate aggressiveness. The avian Intercollicular- Griseum centralis complex (comparable to mammalian periaqueductal gray) has been reported as a crucial node in the descending pathways that organize behavioral and autonomic aspects of defensive responses and aggressiveness. Herein, using the SI test, we evaluated whether mesencephalic areas are activated (expressed c-fos) when photostimulated adult males are confronted with non-responsive (non-aggressive) opponents. Furthermore, we also examined whether mesencephalic activation is related to male performance during the SI test (i.e., aggressive vs. non-aggressive males) in birds reared in enriched or in standard environments. Five mesencephalic areas at two anatomic levels (intermediate and rostral) and locomotion during SI testing were studied. Aggressive males showed increased c-fos expression in all areas studied, and moved at faster speeds in comparison to their non-aggressive and control counterparts. Non-aggressive males and the test controls showed similar c-fos labeling. In general, rearing condition did not appear to influence c-fos expression nor behavior during the SI test. Findings suggest that mesencephalic activation is involved when males are actively expressing aggressive behaviors. This overall phenomenon is shown regardless of both the environmental stimuli provided during the birds´ rearing and the potentially stressful stimuli during the SI trial.publishedVersionCaliva, Jorge Martín. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentina.Caliva, Jorge Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; Argentina.Falkenburger Melleu Fernando. Universidad Federal de Santa Catarina. Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas; BrasilMarino-Neto Jose. Universidad Federal de Santa Catarina. Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas; BrasilMarino-Neto Jose. Universidad Federal de Santa Catarina. Instituto de Ingeniería Biomédica; BrasilMarin, Raúl Hector. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentina.Marin, Raúl Hector. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; Argentina.Kembro, Jackelyn Melissa. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentina.Kembro, Jackelyn Melissa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; Argentina

Taller de Aptitud Vocacional para Arquitectura - AR206 - 202102

Descripción: El Taller de Aptitud Vocacional para Arquitectura es un curso del ciclo 0 de la carrera de Arquitectura, de carácter teórico-práctico dirigido a los estudiantes que no aprobaron o no rindieron la "Prueba de aptitud Vocacional para Arquitectura". En este sentido, el curso brinda el primer acercamiento a los conceptos arquitectónicos básicos y a la historia del arte y arquitectura, a través de ejercicios de diseño (maquetas, exposiciones individuales y grupales, afiches gráficos, entre otros) con los cuales el alumno se entrena (o prepara) para los talleres de diseño y los cursos de historia de la carrera. Propósito: 1El curso permite verificar si el perfil de los estudiantes coincide con lo necesario para el seguimiento de la Carrera de Arquitectura además de corroborar y/o reforzar las aptitudes vocacionales para la misma y de esta manera el estudiante, aumente sus probabilidades de un buen desempeño académico y la exitosa culminación de la carrera. El curso contribuye directamente al desarrollo de la competencia general de Pensamiento Innovador y la competencia específica de Diseño Fundamentado y Cultura Arquitectónica a un nivel novato (nivel 1). No tiene requisitos previos. Aprobar este curso es requisito para llevar los curso de carrera: Expresión Artística y Espacial y TI - Introducción al Diseño Arquitectónico, ambos del Ciclo 1

Taller de Aptitud Vocacional para Arquitectura - AR206 - 202101

Descripción: El Taller de Aptitud Vocacional para Arquitectura es un curso del ciclo 0 de la carrera de Arquitectura, de carácter teórico-práctico dirigido a los estudiantes que no aprobaron o no rindieron la "Prueba de aptitud 1Vocacional para Arquitectura". En este sentido, el curso brinda el primer acercamiento a los conceptos arquitectónicos básicos y a la historia del arte y arquitectura, a través de ejercicios de diseño (maquetas, exposiciones individuales y grupales, afiches gráficos, entre otros) con los cuales el alumno se entrena (o prepara) para los talleres de diseño y los cursos de historia de la carrera. Propósito: El curso permite verificar si el perfil de los estudiantes coincide con lo necesario para el seguimiento de la Carrera de Arquitectura además de corroborar y/o reforzar las aptitudes vocacionales para la misma y de esta manera el estudiante, aumente sus probabilidades de un buen desempeño académico y la exitosa culminación de la carrera. El curso contribuye directamente al desarrollo de la competencia general de Pensamiento Innovador y la competencia específica de Diseño Fundamentado a un nivel novato (nivel 1). No tiene requisitos previos. Aprobar este curso es requisito para llevar los curso de carrera: Expresión Artística y Espacial y TI - Introducción al Diseño Arquitectónico, ambos del Ciclo 1

TVII - Taller de Integración - AR324 - 202101

Descripción: El curso TVII Taller de Integración es un curso perteneciente al séptimo nivel de los talleres de diseño arquitectónico que constituyen la columna vertebral de la carrera. en el que el estudiante Desarrollará propuestas arquitectónicas en las que las consideraciones específicas que fueron materia principal de los anteriores talleres estén satisfactoriamente atendidas. En los niveles precedentes, cada taller ha tenido un tema de inflexión (explicitado en el propio nombre del taller) Introducción al diseño de la Arquitectura, Arquitectura y Arte, Arquitectura y Entorno, Arquitectura y Función, Arquitectura y Medio Ambiente y Arquitectura y Construcción) En este nivel se pretende hacer que el estudiante adquiera una experiencia en la que aplique de manera integral los 06 temas anteriores en un proyecto arquitectónico. Este curso permite comprender la importancia que tiene cada una de las inflexiones en el Proceso de Diseño. En este nivel se trabajan proyectos con mayor envergadura y complejidad como Edificaciones Hospitalarias, Edificios Híbridos, Teatros de gran escala, entre otros. El curso de taller se basa en la búsqueda y ensayo de una metodología de diseño, mediante la rigurosidad y compromiso, que le permite al estudiante transitar por los distintos niveles de un método y acercarse al logro de los objetivos. Propósito: El curso Taller VII ¿Taller de integración tiene como propósito que el estudiante trabaje y desarrolle las herramientas necesarias para su desenvolvimiento en el campo profesional. En él se concientiza, refuerza y consolida en el estudiante, la importancia de las ideas detrás de un proyecto arquitectónico, una arquitectura pensada y no arbitraria, la importancia del desarrollo de un buen lenguaje, en el caso de la arquitectura, planos profesionales bien dibujados y expresados, imágenes en 03 dimensiones, esquemas. Por ello, se puede afirmar que los temas a trabajar son una excusa para desarrollar estas habilidades que finalmente aseguran el logro del nivel de las competencias. La asignatura contribuye al desarrollo de la competencia general Pensamiento innovador y la competencia específica de la carrera: Diseño Fundamentado que corresponde a los criterios NAAB : PC2, PC3, PC8, PC5, SC3, SC5 , ambas en el nivel de logro A2. Tiene como pre requisito la asignatura de AR313 Taller VI - Arquitectura y Construcció

TVII - Taller de Integración - AR324 - 202102

Descripción: El curso TVII Taller de Integración es un curso perteneciente al séptimo nivel de los talleres de diseño arquitectónico que constituyen la columna vertebral de la carrera. en el que el estudiante Desarrollará propuestas arquitectónicas en las que las consideraciones específicas que fueron materia principal de los anteriores talleres estén satisfactoriamente atendidas. En los niveles precedentes, cada taller ha tenido un tema de inflexión (explicitado en el propio nombre del taller) Introducción al diseño de la Arquitectura, Arquitectura y Arte, Arquitectura y Entorno, Arquitectura y Función, Arquitectura y Medio Ambiente y Arquitectura y Construcción) En este nivel se pretende hacer que el estudiante adquiera una experiencia en la que aplique de manera integral los 06 temas anteriores en un proyecto arquitectónico. Este curso permite comprender la importancia que tiene cada una de las inflexiones en el Proceso de Diseño. En este nivel se trabajan proyectos con mayor envergadura y complejidad como Edificaciones Hospitalarias, Edificios Híbridos, Teatros de gran escala, entre otros. El curso de taller se basa en la búsqueda y ensayo de una metodología de diseño, mediante la rigurosidad y compromiso, que le permite al estudiante transitar por los distintos niveles de un método y acercarse al logro de los objetivos. Propósito: El curso Taller VII ¿Taller de integración tiene como propósito que el estudiante trabaje y desarrolle las herramientas necesarias para su desenvolvimiento en el campo profesional. En él se concientiza, refuerza y consolida en el estudiante, la importancia de las ideas detrás de un proyecto arquitectónico, una arquitectura pensada y no arbitraria, la importancia del desarrollo de un buen lenguaje, en el caso de la arquitectura, planos profesionales bien dibujados y expresados, imágenes en 03 dimensiones, esquemas. Por ello, se puede afirmar que los temas a trabajar son una excusa para desarrollar estas habilidades que finalmente aseguran el logro del nivel de las competencias. La asignatura contribuye al desarrollo de la competencia general Pensamiento innovador y la competencia específica de la carrera: Diseño Fundamentado que corresponde a los criterios NAAB : PC2, PC3, PC8, PC5, SC3, SC5 , ambas en el nivel de logro A2. Tiene como pre requisito la asignatura de AR313 Taller VI - Arquitectura y Construcció

Weaning from mechanical ventilation in intensive care units across 50 countries (WEAN SAFE): a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study

International audienceBackground: Current management practices and outcomes in weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation are poorly understood. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, management, timings, risk for failure, and outcomes of weaning in patients requiring at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods: WEAN SAFE was an international, multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study done in 481 intensive care units in 50 countries. Eligible participants were older than 16 years, admitted to a participating intensive care unit, and receiving mechanical ventilation for 2 calendar days or longer. We defined weaning initiation as the first attempt to separate a patient from the ventilator, successful weaning as no reintubation or death within 7 days of extubation, and weaning eligibility criteria based on positive end-expiratory pressure, fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired air, and vasopressors. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients successfully weaned at 90 days. Key secondary outcomes included weaning duration, timing of weaning events, factors associated with weaning delay and weaning failure, and hospital outcomes. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03255109. Findings: Between Oct 4, 2017, and June 25, 2018, 10 232 patients were screened for eligibility, of whom 5869 were enrolled. 4523 (77·1%) patients underwent at least one separation attempt and 3817 (65·0%) patients were successfully weaned from ventilation at day 90. 237 (4·0%) patients were transferred before any separation attempt, 153 (2·6%) were transferred after at least one separation attempt and not successfully weaned, and 1662 (28·3%) died while invasively ventilated. The median time from fulfilling weaning eligibility criteria to first separation attempt was 1 day (IQR 0–4), and 1013 (22·4%) patients had a delay in initiating first separation of 5 or more days. Of the 4523 (77·1%) patients with separation attempts, 2927 (64·7%) had a short wean (≤1 day), 457 (10·1%) had intermediate weaning (2–6 days), 433 (9·6%) required prolonged weaning (≥7 days), and 706 (15·6%) had weaning failure. Higher sedation scores were independently associated with delayed initiation of weaning. Delayed initiation of weaning and higher sedation scores were independently associated with weaning failure. 1742 (31·8%) of 5479 patients died in the intensive care unit and 2095 (38·3%) of 5465 patients died in hospital. Interpretation: In critically ill patients receiving at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation, only 65% were weaned at 90 days. A better understanding of factors that delay the weaning process, such as delays in weaning initiation or excessive sedation levels, might improve weaning success rates. Funding: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, European Respiratory Society

Weaning from mechanical ventilation in intensive care units across 50 countries (WEAN SAFE): a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study

Background Current management practices and outcomes in weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation are poorly understood. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, management, timings, risk for failure, and outcomes of weaning in patients requiring at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods WEAN SAFE was an international, multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study done in 481 intensive care units in 50 countries. Eligible participants were older than 16 years, admitted to a participating intensive care unit, and receiving mechanical ventilation for 2 calendar days or longer. We defined weaning initiation as the first attempt to separate a patient from the ventilator, successful weaning as no reintubation or death within 7 days of extubation, and weaning eligibility criteria based on positive end-expiratory pressure, fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired air, and vasopressors. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients successfully weaned at 90 days. Key secondary outcomes included weaning duration, timing of weaning events, factors associated with weaning delay and weaning failure, and hospital outcomes. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03255109. Findings Between Oct 4, 2017, and June 25, 2018, 10 232 patients were screened for eligibility, of whom 5869 were enrolled. 4523 (77·1%) patients underwent at least one separation attempt and 3817 (65·0%) patients were successfully weaned from ventilation at day 90. 237 (4·0%) patients were transferred before any separation attempt, 153 (2·6%) were transferred after at least one separation attempt and not successfully weaned, and 1662 (28·3%) died while invasively ventilated. The median time from fulfilling weaning eligibility criteria to first separation attempt was 1 day (IQR 0–4), and 1013 (22·4%) patients had a delay in initiating first separation of 5 or more days. Of the 4523 (77·1%) patients with separation attempts, 2927 (64·7%) had a short wean (≤1 day), 457 (10·1%) had intermediate weaning (2–6 days), 433 (9·6%) required prolonged weaning (≥7 days), and 706 (15·6%) had weaning failure. Higher sedation scores were independently associated with delayed initiation of weaning. Delayed initiation of weaning and higher sedation scores were independently associated with weaning failure. 1742 (31·8%) of 5479 patients died in the intensive care unit and 2095 (38·3%) of 5465 patients died in hospital. Interpretation In critically ill patients receiving at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation, only 65% were weaned at 90 days. A better understanding of factors that delay the weaning process, such as delays in weaning initiation or excessive sedation levels, might improve weaning success rates

Weaning from mechanical ventilation in intensive care units across 50 countries (WEAN SAFE): a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study

Background: Current management practices and outcomes in weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation are poorly understood. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, management, timings, risk for failure, and outcomes of weaning in patients requiring at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods: WEAN SAFE was an international, multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study done in 481 intensive care units in 50 countries. Eligible participants were older than 16 years, admitted to a participating intensive care unit, and receiving mechanical ventilation for 2 calendar days or longer. We defined weaning initiation as the first attempt to separate a patient from the ventilator, successful weaning as no reintubation or death within 7 days of extubation, and weaning eligibility criteria based on positive end-expiratory pressure, fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired air, and vasopressors. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients successfully weaned at 90 days. Key secondary outcomes included weaning duration, timing of weaning events, factors associated with weaning delay and weaning failure, and hospital outcomes. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03255109. Findings: Between Oct 4, 2017, and June 25, 2018, 10 232 patients were screened for eligibility, of whom 5869 were enrolled. 4523 (77·1%) patients underwent at least one separation attempt and 3817 (65·0%) patients were successfully weaned from ventilation at day 90. 237 (4·0%) patients were transferred before any separation attempt, 153 (2·6%) were transferred after at least one separation attempt and not successfully weaned, and 1662 (28·3%) died while invasively ventilated. The median time from fulfilling weaning eligibility criteria to first separation attempt was 1 day (IQR 0-4), and 1013 (22·4%) patients had a delay in initiating first separation of 5 or more days. Of the 4523 (77·1%) patients with separation attempts, 2927 (64·7%) had a short wean (≤1 day), 457 (10·1%) had intermediate weaning (2-6 days), 433 (9·6%) required prolonged weaning (≥7 days), and 706 (15·6%) had weaning failure. Higher sedation scores were independently associated with delayed initiation of weaning. Delayed initiation of weaning and higher sedation scores were independently associated with weaning failure. 1742 (31·8%) of 5479 patients died in the intensive care unit and 2095 (38·3%) of 5465 patients died in hospital. Interpretation: In critically ill patients receiving at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation, only 65% were weaned at 90 days. A better understanding of factors that delay the weaning process, such as delays in weaning initiation or excessive sedation levels, might improve weaning success rates. Funding: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, European Respiratory Society

Anomalous evolution of the near-side jet peak shape in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV

The measurement of two-particle angular correlations is a powerful tool to study jet quenching in a pT region inaccessible by direct jet identification. In these measurements pseudorapidity (Δη) and azimuthal (Δφ) differences are used to extract the shape of the near-side peak formed by particles associated to a higher pT trigger particle (1<pT,trig< 8 GeV/c). A combined fit of the near-side peak and long-range correlations is applied to the data allowing the extraction of the centrality evolution of the peak shape in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√ = 2.76 TeV. A significant broadening of the peak in the Δη direction at low pT is found from peripheral to central collisions, which vanishes above 4 GeV/c, while in the Δφ direction the peak is almost independent of centrality. For the 10% most central collisions and 1<pT,assoc< 2 GeV/c, 1<pT,trig< 3 GeV/c a novel feature is observed: a depletion develops around the centre of the peak. The results are compared to pp collisions at the same centre of mass energy and to AMPT model simulations. The comparison to the investigated models suggests that the broadening and the development of the depletion is connected to the strength of radial and longitudinal flow