Cram\'er-Rao Bounds for Polynomial Signal Estimation using Sensors with AR(1) Drift

We seek to characterize the estimation performance of a sensor network where the individual sensors exhibit the phenomenon of drift, i.e., a gradual change of the bias. Though estimation in the presence of random errors has been extensively studied in the literature, the loss of estimation performance due to systematic errors like drift have rarely been looked into. In this paper, we derive closed-form Fisher Information matrix and subsequently Cram\'er-Rao bounds (upto reasonable approximation) for the estimation accuracy of drift-corrupted signals. We assume a polynomial time-series as the representative signal and an autoregressive process model for the drift. When the Markov parameter for drift \rho<1, we show that the first-order effect of drift is asymptotically equivalent to scaling the measurement noise by an appropriate factor. For \rho=1, i.e., when the drift is non-stationary, we show that the constant part of a signal can only be estimated inconsistently (non-zero asymptotic variance). Practical usage of the results are demonstrated through the analysis of 1) networks with multiple sensors and 2) bandwidth limited networks communicating only quantized observations.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures, This paper will appear in the Oct/Nov 2012 issue of IEEE Transactions on Signal Processin

India’s Revenue Deficit: A Challenge Ahead

A developing country like India needs revenue surplus for the capital investment at the same time to pursue the economic development through demand expansion it needs expenditure especially in the social sectors such as health, education etc,. The recent global economic crisis also compels India to induce the expenditure for sustainability of the growth that it has achieved recently. This also needs enormous expenditure. On the other hand, current expenditure over current revenue of an economy makes revenue deficit. India’s Thirteenth Finance Commission’s one of the recommendation is that revenue deficit (as % of GDP) of the Centre needs to be progressively reduced and eliminated, followed by emergence of a revenue surplus by 2014-15 and a long term and permanent target for the Central Government should be to maintain, at the minimum, a zero revenue deficit. In the light of the above recommendation analyzing revenue deficit is imperative at this hour.India; Revenue Deficit; Revenue Receipts; Revenue Expenditure; Thirteenth Finance Commission

Radiobiological studies of plants orbited in biosatellite 2

Radiation induced mutation rates and cyotlogical changes in plants orbited on Biosatellite

A rare case of xanthogranulomatous cervicitis in post radiation radical hysterectomy

Xanthogranulomatous inflammation is a distinguished form of chronic inflammation affecting several organs, predominantly the kidney and gallbladder. Involvement of female genital tract is rare. So far only one case of xanthogranulomatous inflammation of cervix has been reported in Indian literature. We report a case of xanthogranulomatous cervicitis in a 38 year female who had undergone radiotherapy for carcinoma cervix. Probably this is the first case in Indian literature to be reported in the setting of carcinoma of cervix

Continuous light inside a cave abolishes the social synchronization of the circadian rhythm in a bat

The bat Hipposideros speoris regulates its flight activity rhythm in the absence of time cues in a totally dark natural cave. The flight activity rhythm even of captive bats in total darkness entrained to the social cues available from free flying conspecifics. The social synchronization of the circadian rhythm was abolished in continuous illumination (LL) of 10-20 lx. All the captive bats 'feerun' in LL with τ longer than 24 h. The social entrainment was re-established following a few cycles of transients when total darkness was restored

Establishing monoxenic culture of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices through root organ culture

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are soil fungi distributed worldwide, forming symbiosis with most of the vascular plants for their growth and survival, which is used for sustainable agriculture and ecosystem management. This study investigated the establishment of monoxenic cultures of Glomus intraradices in association with transformed carrot hairy root. The G.intraradices spores were isolated from sugarcane rhizosphere by wet sieving and decanting technique and propagated in open pot culture. Transformation in to carrot hairy root was done using Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Surface sterilization of G.intraradices spores co-cultured with transformed carrot hairy root in Modified Strulla and Romand (MSR) medium was found the host root growth as well as for germination AM spores. After three months of incubation in dark condition, significant production of extensive hyphal growth on MSR medium and an average of 8500-9000 spores per petri dish was observed. The in vitro inoculum exhibited higher potential of root colonization due to numerous intraradices mycelium with extensive spore load. The produced monoxenic inoculum can be used in place of traditional system where it has a advantage of producing contaminant free propagulas. Thus the monoxenic culture system, a powerful tool, of AM sporulation, can be used for the mass production of monoxenic inoculum of AM fungi besides studying its biology

Genetic analysis on three South Indian sympatric hipposiderid bats (Chiroptera, Hipposideridae)

In mitochondrial DNA, variations in the sequence of 16S rRNA region were analyzed to infer the genetic relationship and population history of three sympatric hipposiderid bats, Hipposideros speoris, H. fulvus and H. ater. Based on the DNA sequence data, we observed relatively lower haplotype and higher nucleotide diversity in H. speoris than in the other two species. The pairwise comparisons of the genetic divergence inferred a genetic relationship between the three hipposiderid bats. We used haplotype sequences to construct a phylogenetic tree. Maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference analysis generated a tree with similar topology. H. fulvus and H. ater formed one cluster and H. speoris formed another cluster. Analysis of the demographic history of populations using Jajima’s D test revealed past changes in populations. Comparison of the observed distribution of pairwise differences in the nucleotides with expected sudden expansion model accepts for H. fulvus and H. ater but not for H. speoris populations

Social entrainment of the circadian rhythm in the flight activity of the microchiropteran bat Hipposideros speoris

1. We investigated the problem of how members of the microchiropteran bat species Hipposideros speoris that live in a true cave clock their flight activity rhythms in the absence of time cues. 2. The bats become restless well in advance of sunset and then fly towards the cavemouth to sample light. 3. We investigated whether each bat roosting 40 m from the cave entrance must sample outside light levels for itself in order to emerge at the appropriate time. Three captive bats were tested and each began activity when the conspecifics left the cave in the evenings. 4. In another series of experiments a solitary bat was held captive in a solitary cave for 50 days and its circadian rhythm was recorded. In the absence of other conspecifics the circadian rhythm 'free ran' with a period shorter than 24 h. 5. We concluded from the results of our studies that there exists a clear-cut case for social synchronization of the circadian rhythms of this cave-dwelling bat

Single-stage parallel coupled microstrip line bandpass filter using weak coupling technique

The frequency-dispersive characteristic of a two-port parallel coupled microstrip line (PCML) can be obtained using equivalent J-inverter network parameters. The latter is obtained from its corresponding admittance parameters. Hence, the behaviour of transmission zero frequency, fundamental response frequency and harmonic response frequency of the PCML can be shown. The former is realigned by varying a centrally located single groove size to suppress the first spurious harmonic passband of the filter. Using the J-inverter parameters, the transmission zero of J-susceptance null of a PCML can be realigned by employing a single groove with specific dimension. This simultaneously cancels the first harmonic resonance. In this paper, the behaviour of the J-inverter parameters with varying coupling gaps is presented. The effect of having weak coupling characteristic is then presented. The proposed technique is then justified by two single-stage bandpass filters of PCML with weak coupling characteristic