Human Deprivation Index: A Measure of Multidimensional Poverty

Poverty is multidimensional in nature. Poverty is associated not only with insufficient income or consumption but also with insufficient outcomes with respect to health, nutrition, and literacy and deficient social relations, insecurity, and low self-esteem and powerlessness. Since poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon, measurement of poverty must cover many dimensions. So far, the income and/or consumption indicator has received most attention. But, now the focus is shifted towards deprivation in different dimensions for example income, health and education. The human development and human deprivation studies have opened new perspectives on measuring and analysing poverty and development with the help of multidimensional concept. The present study, in this context will serve to enrich useful knowledge about human deprivation which analysis the poverty multi dimensionally.Human Deprivation; Poverty; Multi dimension; Health; Infant Mortality; Education; Illiteracy; India

Rural Perspective towards Financial Inclusion

Financial Inclusion or inclusive financing is the delivery of financial services at affordable costs to sections of disadvantaged and low-income segments of society, in contrast to financial exclusion where those services are not available or affordable. For the purpose of giving such financial services in easy and convenient way government has developed many financial plans in the rural areas. These plans are helpful for people who want to access financial services. The availability of banking and payment services to the entire population without discrimination is the prime objective of this public policy. Thus the term Financial Inclusion can be defined as the process of ensuring access to financial services and timely and adequate credit where needed by vulnerable groups such as weaker sections and low income groups at an affordable cost. The nations should takeover and remedy to reach the financial services to the weaker sections. So, this study has been undertaken to analyse the prospects of financial inclusion in rural areas.Keywords. Bank, Financial Services, Financial Inclusion, Rural Perspective.JEL. G20, G29, G30

Gender Discrimination and Women's Development in India

Gender is a common term where as gender discrimination is meant only for women, because females are the only victims of gender discrimination. Females are nearly 50 percent of the total population but their representation in public life is very low. Recognizing women's right and believing their ability are essential for women's empowerment and development. This paper deals with gender discrimination in India, its various forms and causes. Importance of women in devleopment, legislation for women and solution for gender discrimination are also discussed in this paper.gender discrimination, women's development, legislation for women, education, employment, economic independece, empowerment, decision making and self confidence

Low Power Shift and Add Multiplier Design

Today every circuit has to face the power consumption issue for both portable device aiming at large battery life and high end circuits avoiding cooling packages and reliability issues that are too complex. It is generally accepted that during logic synthesis power tracks well with area. This means that a larger design will generally consume more power. The multiplier is an important kernel of digital signal processors. Because of the circuit complexity, the power consumption and area are the two important design considerations of the multiplier. In this paper a low power low area architecture for the shift and add multiplier is proposed. For getting the low power low area architecture, the modifications made to the conventional architecture consist of the reduction in switching activities of the major blocks of the multiplier, which includes the reduction in switching activity of the adder and counter. This architecture avoids the shifting of the multiplier register. The simulation result for 8 bit multipliers shows that the proposed low power architecture lowers the total power consumption by 35.25% and area by 52.72 % when compared to the conventional architecture. Also the reduction in power consumption increases with the increase in bit width.Comment: 11 page

Cram\'er-Rao Bounds for Polynomial Signal Estimation using Sensors with AR(1) Drift

We seek to characterize the estimation performance of a sensor network where the individual sensors exhibit the phenomenon of drift, i.e., a gradual change of the bias. Though estimation in the presence of random errors has been extensively studied in the literature, the loss of estimation performance due to systematic errors like drift have rarely been looked into. In this paper, we derive closed-form Fisher Information matrix and subsequently Cram\'er-Rao bounds (upto reasonable approximation) for the estimation accuracy of drift-corrupted signals. We assume a polynomial time-series as the representative signal and an autoregressive process model for the drift. When the Markov parameter for drift \rho<1, we show that the first-order effect of drift is asymptotically equivalent to scaling the measurement noise by an appropriate factor. For \rho=1, i.e., when the drift is non-stationary, we show that the constant part of a signal can only be estimated inconsistently (non-zero asymptotic variance). Practical usage of the results are demonstrated through the analysis of 1) networks with multiple sensors and 2) bandwidth limited networks communicating only quantized observations.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures, This paper will appear in the Oct/Nov 2012 issue of IEEE Transactions on Signal Processin

Jeeva: Enterprise Grid-enabled Web Portal for Protein Secondary Structure Prediction

This paper presents a Grid portal for protein secondary structure prediction developed by using services of Aneka, a .NET-based enterprise Grid technology. The portal is used by research scientists to discover new prediction structures in a parallel manner. An SVM (Support Vector Machine)-based prediction algorithm is used with 64 sample protein sequences as a case study to demonstrate the potential of enterprise Grids.Comment: 7 page

Application-Oriented Flow Control: Fundamentals, Algorithms and Fairness

This paper is concerned with flow control and resource allocation problems in computer networks in which real-time applications may have hard quality of service (QoS) requirements. Recent optimal flow control approaches are unable to deal with these problems since QoS utility functions generally do not satisfy the strict concavity condition in real-time applications. For elastic traffic, we show that bandwidth allocations using the existing optimal flow control strategy can be quite unfair. If we consider different QoS requirements among network users, it may be undesirable to allocate bandwidth simply according to the traditional max-min fairness or proportional fairness. Instead, a network should have the ability to allocate bandwidth resources to various users, addressing their real utility requirements. For these reasons, this paper proposes a new distributed flow control algorithm for multiservice networks, where the application's utility is only assumed to be continuously increasing over the available bandwidth. In this, we show that the algorithm converges, and that at convergence, the utility achieved by each application is well balanced in a proportionally (or max-min) fair manner

The Relationship Between Perceived Leadership Behaviours and Job Satisfaction of Middle Managers in Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) Malaysia

The problem investigated in this research is whether perceived leadership behaviours of the superiors namely, initiating structure and consideration, will have an impact on the job satisfaction of the middle managers of Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB). The survey instrument used was a questionnaire comprising three sections. The first section sought respondents' personal information while the second section, a modified version of the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire, measured managers' perception of the leadership behaviours of their superiors. The final section, a modified version of the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire, was aimed at gauging the level of job satisfaction of middle managers of TNB. The questionnaire was then distributed to a randomly selected sample of 350 middle managers of TNB. One hundred and twelve of them responded but only 106 of the questionnaires were complete. Descriptive and inferential statistical procedures, namely, frequencies, t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation and multiple regression were used to analyze the data

CFD analysis of air intake system of 1.6 l Proton Waja engine by adding guide vanes

The objective of the current research was to analyze the flow through the air intake system of 1.6L Proton Waja engine by adding guide vane. The pressure drop across the air intake system is known to have a significant influence on the indicated power of the SI engine. The pressure drop along the intake system is proportional to the engine speed and cross sectional area. The guide vane is placed in the system to reduce the pressure drop across the system. It was found that the guide vane help to reduce pressure drop across the air intake system where it increases the capabilities of air induction system to suck more air to the engine. The geometry of air intake system of Proton Waja 1.6L engine was used in the modeling approach. The study was focused on different engine speed. This analysis was done in CFD using a model setup with appropriate speed of the Proton Waja 1.6L engine from maximum speed to minimum speed. The CFD results of air intake system with the guide vane are validated against the CFD result of real air intake system of Proton Waja 1.6L which do not have guide vane