IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIAL CONTAMINANTS ON GLASSES USED BY STUDENTS OF FACULTY OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA, SURABAYA, INDONESIA CLASS OF 2016

Background: People nowadays suffer from refractive disorder that declines the vision. The most common therapy to overcome this problem is to use glasses. The continuous use of glasses and the difficulties on disinfecting the entire surface can cause bacterial contamination. Those bacteria can cause various eye diseases. This fact pushed the researcher to find out if there were bacterial contaminants on glasses used by students of Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, class of 2016. Objective: To prove the species of bacterial contaminants and pathogenic bacteria on glasses used by students of Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia class of 2016. Materials and Methods: Cotton swab moistened in sterile distilled water was swabbed to 30 glasses on its inside lens and the part touching the nose. The sample was then inoculated on blood agar and Mac Conkey, and incubated for 24 hours in 37oC. Then, the isolates were identified macroscopically and microscopically. Results: The whole sample that had been examined was contaminated with pathogenic bacteria with risk of causing eye diseases. Those bacteria were identified as Bacillus sp. (50%), Pseudomonas sp. (46%), Staphylococcus aureus (20%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (16%). Conclusion: The result of this research showed that there was contamination by bacteria on glasses used by students of Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia class of 2016. All bacteria found were pathogenic to the eye. This showed that glasses could become a reservoir of the pathogenic bacteria that could potentially cause recurring eye infection

Fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli, Indonesia

High prevalence may be due to clonal spread and emergence of resistant strains

Detection of Escherichia coli and Total Coliform in Refill Drinking Water at Jepara Regency

Abstract Introduction: Water are important for human life. The Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia stipulates the Minister of Health Number 492 of 2010 about drinking water quality requirements to ensure drinking water are safe for consumption. One of the requirements are free from Escherichia coli or total Coliform. When these bacteria are found in drinking water, it can cause diarrhea. In Province of Central Java, diarrhea is the biggest cause of death for children under five. Therefore, one of the locations in Province of Central Java was chosen, namely Jepara Regency, more precisely, Jepara District. Methods: This study used descriptive with a cross-sectional design. Data collection using total sampling technique and obtained 28 samples. Then the examination was carried out at the Regional Health Laboratory of Jepara Regency using the filter membrane method and Chromocult Coliform Agar Plate. Results: From 28 samples, 11 samples (39.3%) were contaminated by Coliform with 8 samples (72.72%) contaminated by Escherichia coli. Conclusion: Following up the finding of the study, it is hoped that further researchers will carry out researches on the hygiene sanitation of drinking water depot, so the cause of contaminations in drinking water refill are known

Deteksi IgM Anti Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi dengan Pemeriksaan Tubex TF dan Typhidot-M

Bakteri Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi merupakan bakteri Gram-negatif yang bersifat patogen fakultatif intraseluler, masuk ke dalam tubuh manusia dan menyebabkan penyakit infeksi sistemik akut yang disebut demam tifoid. Deteksi dini antibodi anti Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi masih merupakan tantangan dalam penegakan diagnosis laboratorium demam tifoid.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi perbedaan antara hasil deteksi kit TUBEX TF dan Typhidot-M pada pemeriksaan IgM anti Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi pasien demam tifoid, menganalisis hubungan suhu tubuh dengan hasil pemeriksaan TUBEX TF, menganalisis hubungan suhu tubuh dengan hasil pemeriksaan Typhidot-M dan menganalisi tingkat kesesuaian hasil deteksi IgM dengan pemeriksaan TUBEX TF dengan Typhidot-M.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan observasional, tiga puluh delapan sampel yang berasal dari pasien demam tifoid di RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya.Hasil penelitian ini bahwa kit TUBEX TF menujukkan hasil (65.8%) positif dan (34.2%) negatif. Sedangkan kit Kit Typhidot-M menunjukkan (60.5%) positif dan 15 (39.5%) sampel negatif. Analisis statistik menunjukkan hasil nilai kappa: 0.887>0.75, kedua kit terdapat kesesuaian dengan tingkat kesesuaian sangat baik.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini disarankan kit Typhidot-M dapat digunakan sebagai diagnosis cepat bila kit TUBEX TF tidak tersedia. Untuk peneliti selanjutnya disarankan untuk membandingkan hasil TUBEX TF dan Typhodot-M dengan menggunakan kultur darah sebagai diagnosis gold standar untuk deteksi IgM anti Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi

The potency of green grass jelly extract (Premna oblongifolia Merr) as antihyperlipidemia towards aorta histopathology representation of rat (Rattus norvegicus) induced with high fatty diet (HFD)

Green grass jelly (Premna oblongifolia merr) is a plant containing fiber and chlorophyll which can lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels. This study have aims to investigate the potency of green grass jelly extract (Premna oblongifolia Merr) to prevent hyperlipidemia. The animal mode used for this study is male Rattus norvegicus, Wistar strain, the age of 8 weeks, and weight of 200 g which is divided into 5 groups of treatment namely group Kn (negative control), Kp (positive control), Kp1, Kp2, and Kp3 induced with HFD and green grass jelly extract at a dose of 5.27 g/ kg BW/ daily, 8.43 g/ kg BW/ daily, 9.37 g/ kg BW/ daily. The data of infiltrating fatty cells and macrophage on aorta histopathology was analyzed by description. This research showed that the treatment of green grass jelly extract (Premna oblongifolia Merr) to animals of hyperlipidemia model reduced infiltration fatty cells and macrophage. The conclusion of this study was the green grass jelly extract was able to prevent an increase of fatty cells and macrophage infiltration of rat (Rattus noervegicus) induced with HFD on dose 9.37 g/ kg/ BW/ daily

Molecular characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamases in clinical Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Surabaya, Indonesia

Background: No detailed reports regarding extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae are currently available from Indonesia, the fourth most populous country in the world. Methods: A survey was carried out to investigate the molecular epidemiology and genetic characteristics of clinical ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates originating from the Dr. Soetomo Academic Hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia, over a 4 month period (January to April 2005). ESBLs were characterized by isoelectric focusing and PCR assays. Clonality of the isolates was assessed by PFGE and repetitive-sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR). Phylogenetic grouping was performed among CTX-M-15-producing E. coli. Results: In total, 73 consecutive non-duplicate ESBL-positive