45 research outputs found

    Facteurs de risque cardiovasculaires au cours du lupus systémique

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    Cette étude a pour objectif d'évaluer la fréquence des facteurs de risque cardiovasculaires au cours du lupus et de préciser leur prévalence. Etude rétrospective portant sur 250 patients ayant un lupus, diagnostiqué selon les critères de l'ACR, hospitalisés entre 1970 et 2013. Les données cliniques et para cliniques ont été recueillies à partir des observations médicales. Il s'agit de 228 femmes et 22 hommes d'âge moyen au diagnostic du lupus de 30, 32 ans (extrêmes: 16-69). La durée moyenne du suivi des patients était de 64 mois (extrêmes: 7 jours- 382mois). Quatre vingt dix patients (36%) étaient hypertendus, 74% avaient une hypercholestérolémie et 22% étaient diabétiques. Pour les autres facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire traditionnels, un âge > 50 ans a été retrouvé dans 40% des cas, le sexe masculin dans 8% des cas, l'obésité dans 76% des cas et le tabagisme dans 11% des cas. Les facteurs de risque surajoutés sont représentés par la présence des anticorps antiphospholipides (47% des cas), la néphropathie lupique (49% des cas), l'insuffisance rénale (42% des cas), la corticothérapie au long cours (74% des cas) et la chronicité de la maladie dans 35% des cas. Les complications cardiovasculaires retrouvées dans notre série étaient: les accidents vasculaires cérébraux (2%) et l'insuffisance coronarienne (5,6%). Devant l'importance du risque cardiovasculaire au cours du lupus, une surveillance rapprochée des facteurs de risque cardio-vasculaires semble primordiale chez les lupiques

    Profil clinico-biologique et histopathologique des atteintes rénales du purpura rhumatoïde au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tunis: The clinicopathologic characteristics of Henoch Schönlein nephritis in Tunis University Hospital

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    Context and objective. Hench Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a leukocytoclastic vasculitis with IgA deposits characterized by the association of cutaneous, articular and digestive involvements. Renal involvement worsens the pronostic of the disease. In Tunisia, kidney damage in HSP has not often been studied. The main objective of this work was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, biological and histological characteristics as well as to analyze the therapeutic modalities of renal involvement during IgA vasculitis in Tunisian population. Methods. Patients with HSP with nephritis from 1975 to 2017 were retrospectively studied. Results. 34 medical records of patients were compiled. Mean age at nephritis onset was 39 ± 17.6 years. Cutaneous purpura was present in 97 % of cases, gastrointestinal involvement in 68% of cases and joint involvement in 85 % of cases. Renal features were microscopic hematuria in 100% of cases, hypertension in 47% of cases, proteinuria in 85% of cases. Renal failure and nephrotic syndrome were encountered in 44 % and 41 % of cases, respectively. Average of proteinuria was 3.07 ± 2.83 g / 24 hours. Complete remission was achieved in 33% of patients and 43% of patients reached end stage renal disease requiring dialysis. Death was noted in 5 cases (17%). Conclusion. Renal involvement in adult HSP is marked by varied clinical features, mainly renal failure and progression to hemodialysis in almost 50% of cases. Contexte et objectifs. Le purpura rhumatoĂŻde (PR) est une atteinte systĂ©mique touchant les vaisseaux de petit calibre. L’atteinte rĂ©nale fait la gravitĂ© de la maladie assombrissant le pronostic. En Tunisie, l’atteinte rĂ©nale au cours du PR est peu documentĂ©e. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude avait pour objectif de dĂ©crire les caractĂ©ristiques Ă©pidĂ©miologiques, cliniques, biologiques, histologiques et thĂ©rapeutiques de l’atteinte rĂ©nale au cours du PR propres Ă  la population tunisienne. MĂ©thodes. Il s’agissait d’une Ă©tude documentaire rĂ©alisĂ©e dans le plus grand centre hospitalier universitaire de NĂ©phrologie de Tunis de 1975 Ă  2017. Tous les patients avaient un PR avec une atteinte rĂ©nale. RĂ©sultats. Nous avons colligĂ© 34 patients. L’âge moyen Ă©tait de 39 ± 17,6 ans avec une prĂ©dominance masculine. Le purpura cutanĂ© Ă©tait prĂ©sent dans 97% des cas. L’atteinte gastro-intestinale et articulaire Ă©tait respectivement dans 68% des cas et dans 85% des cas. L’hĂ©maturie microscopique Ă©tait prĂ©sente chez tous nos patients, la protĂ©inurie et l’hypertension artĂ©rielle ont Ă©tĂ© retrouvĂ©es dans respectivement 85% et 47% des cas. Une insuffisance rĂ©nale a Ă©tĂ© retrouvĂ©e dans 44% des cas. Le syndrome nĂ©phrotique Ă©tait prĂ©sent chez 41% des patients avec une protĂ©inurie moyenne de 3.07 ± 2.83 g daily. La rĂ©mission complète a Ă©tĂ© atteinte par 33% des patients et 43% ont atteint le stade d’hĂ©modialyse. Le dĂ©cès a Ă©tĂ© rapportĂ© dans 5 cas (17%). Conclusion. L’atteinte rĂ©nale au cours du Purpura RhumatoĂŻde de l’adulte est caractĂ©risĂ©e par un tableau clinique bruyant, une insuffisance rĂ©nale frĂ©quente et une Ă©volution vers le stade d’hĂ©modialyse dans presque 50% des cas

    Toxoplasma gondii infection and toxoplasmosis in North Africa: a review

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    Toxoplasmosis is an important zoonosis caused by an obligate intracellular parasitic protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii. The disease is distributed worldwide and can affect all warm-blooded vertebrates, including humans. The present review aimed to collect, compile and summarize the data on the prevalence of T. gondii infection in humans and animals in the five North African countries (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Egypt). Published data from national and international databases were used. Distribution patterns and risk factors for T. gondii infection are discussed, focusing on biotic and abiotic factors. This review is a comprehensive epidemiological analysis of T. gondii infection in North Africa and will therefore be a useful tool for researchers. It can also be used to propose or enhance appropriate national toxoplasmosis control programs

    Manipulation NF-kB dépendante de la prolifération et de la mort cellulaire des macrophages par la levure Cryptococcus neoformans

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    Le facteur de transcription NF- B contrôle l expression d un grand nombre de gènes cibles impliqués dans la réponse immunitaire, dans l inflammation, mais aussi dans le contrôle de la prolifération et de la mort cellulaire. Cryptococcus neoformans est une levure ubiquitaire encapsulée responsable de méningo-encéphalite grave principalement chez les individus immunodéprimés. Les macrophages jouent un rôle central dans la physiopathologie de la cryptococcose. De nombreux progrès ont été réalisés dans l étude des facteurs de virulence de cette levure, mais la réponse des cellules macrophagiques elles-mêmes à l infection par la levure entière est moins bien explorée. Mon travail met en évidence de nouvelles stratégies adoptées par C. neoformans pour échapper à la réponse de ces cellules. Dans les macrophages, l infection par C. neoformans conduit à l activation du facteur de transcription NF- B à la fois par les voies classique et alternative. Cette infection provoque en outre une diminution de la viabilité des macrophages qui reflète à la fois une forte réduction de la prolifération cellulaire et une induction de l apoptose. L effet sur la prolifération cellulaire résulte de la modification de l expression de plusieurs régulateurs du cycle cellulaire ce qui entraîne une perturbation de la division cellulaire et une aneuploïdie, phénomène décrit pour la première fois pour un pathogène fongique. Par ailleurs, l apoptose induite par C. neoformans passe par les voies intrinsèque et extrinsèque de mort cellulaire. De façon intéressante, l inhibition de la prolifération d une part et l induction d apoptose d autre part impliquent un rôle précis et différent des deux voies d activation de NF- B dans les macrophages. Ces données contribuent à la compréhension des stratégies mises en place par C. neoformans pour échapper au système immunitaire et ouvrent de nouvelles voies de recherche à visée thérapeutique pour lutter contre ce pathogènePARIS-BIUSJ-Biologie recherche (751052107) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Probabilistic Tabu search with multiple neighborhoods for the Disjunctively Constrained Knapsack Problem

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    Given a set of items, each with a profit and a weight and a conflict graph describing incompatibilities between items, the Disjunctively Constrained Knapsack Problem is to select the maximum profit set of compatible items while satisfying the knapsack capacity constraint. We develop a probabilistic tabu search heuristic with multiple neighborhood structures. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on a total of 50 benchmark instances from the literature up to 1000 items. Computational results disclose that the proposed tabu search method outperforms recent state-of-the-art approaches. In particular, our approach is able to reach 46 best known solutions and discover 8 new best known solutions out of 50 benchmark instances

    Evaluating software security change requests: A COSMIC-based quantification approach

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    45th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications, SEAA 2019; 28 August 2019 through 30 August 2019Software project scope defines functional and non-functional requirements. These requirements may change to satisfy the customers' needs. However, the control of scope creep represents one of the success keys in software project management. Changes in non-functional requirements affect the ISO/IEC 25010 quality characteristics such as security, portability, etc. Furthermore, some of these quality characteristics may evolve throughout the software life cycle into functional requirements. In this paper, we explore the use of COSMIC method-ISO/IEC 19761 to quantify and evaluate security change requests. Measuring the functional size of security change requests allows stakeholders to make appropriate decisions about whether to accept, defer, or deny the change. © 2019 IEEE

    Novel Computerized Method for Measurement of Retinal Vessel Diameters

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    Several clinical studies reveal the relationship between alterations in the topologies of the human retinal blood vessel, the outcrop and the disease evolution, such as diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy, and macular degeneration. Indeed, the detection of these vascular changes always has gaps. In addition, the manual steps are slow, which may be subjected to a bias of the perceiver. However, we can overcome these troubles using computer algorithms that are quicker and more accurate. This paper presents and investigates a novel method for measuring the blood vessel diameter in the retinal image. The proposed method is based on a thresholding segmentation and thinning step, followed by the characteristic point determination step by the Douglas-Peucker algorithm. Thereafter, it uses the active contours to detect vessel contour. Finally, Heron’s Formula is applied to assure the calculation of vessel diameter. The obtained results for six sample images showed that the proposed method generated less errors compared to other techniques, which confirms the high performance of the proposed method

    Novel Computerized Method for Measurement of Retinal Vessel Diameters

    No full text
    Several clinical studies reveal the relationship between alterations in the topologies of the human retinal blood vessel, the outcrop and the disease evolution, such as diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy, and macular degeneration. Indeed, the detection of these vascular changes always has gaps. In addition, the manual steps are slow, which may be subjected to a bias of the perceiver. However, we can overcome these troubles using computer algorithms that are quicker and more accurate. This paper presents and investigates a novel method for measuring the blood vessel diameter in the retinal image. The proposed method is based on a thresholding segmentation and thinning step, followed by the characteristic point determination step by the Douglas-Peucker algorithm. Thereafter, it uses the active contours to detect vessel contour. Finally, Heron’s Formula is applied to assure the calculation of vessel diameter. The obtained results for six sample images showed that the proposed method generated less errors compared to other techniques, which confirms the high performance of the proposed method

    Cross-Priming Approach Induced Beneficial Metabolic Adjustments and Repair Processes during Subsequent Drought in Olive

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    Cross-tolerance to abiotic stresses is a typical phenomenon in plants which occurs when exposure to one form of stress confers tolerance to a variety of stresses. Our study aims at investigating whether salinity priming could induce, after a recovery period (2 months), drought tolerance in olive cv. Chétoui. Here, our results revealed that this method of cross-adaptation had further enhanced the olive’s subsequent response to drought. In fact, relative to the non-pretreated plants, the salt-pretreated ones displayed an enhancement in terms of shoot biomass accumulation, photosynthetic performance, water-use efficiency, and hydration status. Furthermore, the attenuation of oxidative stress and the maintenance of structural lipid contents, as well as their fatty acid composition in salt-pretreated plants, also supported the beneficial effect of this method. From our results, it seems that salt priming substantially modulated the physiological and biochemical responses of olive plants to subsequent drought. Accordingly, metabolite adjustments (soluble sugars and proline), the enzymatic antioxidant system (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and guaiacol peroxidase (GP) activities) as well as the nonenzymatic one (phenols), and the increase in leaf density together with the raise of structural lipids content, to a lesser extent, seemed to perform a major role in the development of this improved tolerance to drought. The ameliorative response found in salt-primed olive plants, when subsequently exposed to drought, indicates an efficient cross-tolerance reaction. This could be particularly important in the Mediterranean area, where olive orchards are mainly cultivated under dry-land farming management

    Enhancing Reflectometry Systems with CHIRP-OMTDR and Compressed Sensing: A Study on Signal Recovery Quality

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    International audienceThis paper investigates the application of Compressed Sensing (CS) in Orthogonal Multi-tone Time-Domain Reflectometry (OMTDR) using a specific signal known as CHIRPOMTDR. The Random Demodulator (RD) has been chosen as the Analog-to-Information Converter (AIC) in the acquisition chain. The study focuses on the influence of RD's filter selection, signal length, and compression factors on signal recovery quality. The results demonstrate that reconstruction quality improves with longer signal lengths, and that the choice of low-pass filter type and order has minimal impact. The findings contribute to the enhancement of reflectometry systems based on Compressed Sensing
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