Subtitling and dubbing in telecinematic text

This contribution focuses on audiovisual translation (AVT) and the relatively neglected domain of subtitling and dubbing in telecinematic text from a pragmatic perspective, in effect cross-cultural by dint of the interlingual transfer involved. AVT language is fictional language, with the additional twist of mediating text and meaning across languages and cultures in a multimodal context in which source and target remain intertextually linked. The chapter provides an overview of the main aspects involved in engaging with AVT from this perspective, and of the two main domains in which pragmatics has been represented within it: narrative aspects and characterization, and communicative practices in their interlingual representations. Audience design, stance, voice, versimilitude are key features for AVT in the pragmatics of its fiction, as in fiction in general. They are uniquely modulated in AVT by the idiosyncratic features of translation modalities, in ways which are yet to be fully mapped out

Doing swearing across languages – The curious case of subtitling

How is swearing done in subtitling across languages? This study of subtitles in different languages for Lonergan's 2016 film Manchester by the sea addresses the question with a particular goal in mind: not so much to identify and typologise translation strategies for swearing in the dataset, or not just, but to inspect/document the range of resources involved, at the interface of linguistics and pragmatics, in generating meaning-making options for interlingual sense-making, and publics with very different linguistic and (socio-)cultural profiles. Most frequently occurring swearwords from dialogues in US English are considered in subtitling representation across the languages in the dataset – English, French, German, Italian, Spanish. Frequency and concordance data are the platform for qualitative analyses of a subset of units from different taboo domains in full textual context (‘fuck’, ‘shit’, ‘God’ and variants), from a broadly cross-cultural pragmatics perspective. The study is underpinned by two main lines of enquiry: how linguistic and/or pragmatic specificities of the languages considered may impact on representation; and critically, how the medium itself may shape representation above and beyond difference into a distinctive and richly expressive instantiation of cinematic discourse, as what is revealingly for translation, and pragmatics, the curious case of subtitling

Apprendre, tenir et reprendre le métier : entre expériences vécues et conception continuée de formation : conseiller les agriculteurs en grandes cultures

This research work is based on the ex post analysis of the design of a training approach. It is targeted at agricultural advisors facing major changes in their job. The requirements induced by an economically and environmentally performing agriculture modify the job of advisor. The established practices of counselling are disrupted by the agronomy’s engagement to encourage the reduction of inputs. The objective is to design a theoretical frame, allowing to analyze the advisors’ counselling situations, supported by a methodology to back up the reflection and with interactions advisors / trainers. Professional didactic and sociology of action are summoned to appreciate the social situation of development and the training situation as means of training. In the relationships between knowledge for action, theoretical knowledge, the experimentation framework allowed to seize the feasibility of counselling, the access to the potential of the counselling activity and the coordination of the stakeholders to build the action. This leads to a coordinated learning approach with a framework creating along the way what the protagonists are seeking to do together; an approach opening the path to understanding the social component by professional learning; the job emergence.Ce travail de recherche s’appuie sur l’analyse ex post de la conception d’un dispositif de formation. Il est destiné à des conseillers agricoles, confrontés aux bouleversements de leur métier. Les exigences de l’agriculture performante économiquement et écologiquement, modifient l’exercice du métier de conseil agricole. Les pratiques de conseil sont perturbées par la mobilisation de l’agronomie pour inciter à réduire les intrants. Il s’agit de se doter d’un cadre théorique qui permette d’analyser les situations de conseil de conseillers, conjointement avec une méthode pour accompagner la réflexion, dans l’interaction conseillers/formateur. La didactique professionnelle et la sociologie de l’action sont convoquées pour appréhender la situation sociale de développement et la situation de formation comme moyen de la formation. Dans les dialectiques connaissances pour l’action, connaissances théoriques, le cadre de l’expérimentation a permis de saisir la faisabilité du conseil, l’accès aux possibles de l’activité de conseil, la coordination des actants pour construire l’action. Il en résulte, un dispositif didactique et coordonné qui garantit un cadre de travail construisant chemin faisant ce que les protagonistes cherchent à faire ensemble, une approche qui ouvre la voie à l’appréhension du social par la didactique professionnelle, l’émergence du métier

RETRATO DE DOS SEÑORAS SENTADAS [Material gráfico]

ADQUIRIDA POR EL COLECCIONISTA EN LA PALMAFOTO SOBRE CARTULINA DE RETRATO DE DOS SEÑORAS SENTADAS Y ANCIANA DETRÁS DE PIECopia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 201

L’appropriation d’un outil d’intervention didactique pour l’analyse du travail

Les conseillers agricoles ont peu d’occasions d’échanger sur leur métier, même si ils échangent sur les dimensions les plus opérationnelles qui les affectent. Chercheurs et professionnels ont depuis plusieurs années, construits une dizaine de dispositifs d’échange entre pairs pour permettre aux conseillers de remettre à leur main les situations de travail qu’ils rencontrent et rediscuter les normes de métier. Pour cela, ils mobilisent un outil co-produit « l’Agroseil ». Cet outil propose une démarche d’analyse du travail au sein de ces dispositifs et peut alors constituer une ressource pour aider leur animateur à mettre en réflexion le collectif sur le métier. Nous analysons l’appropriation de cet outil par ces animateurs pour discuter des conditions qui leur permettre d’en faire un instrument d’intervention didactique sur le travail de conseil

PRIMERA COMUNIÓN [Material gráfico]

FOTO DE CHICO CON VELA EN LA MANO Y LAZO BLANCO EN EL BRAZO APOYADO EN RECLINATORIOCopia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 201

Cross-cultural pragmatics and audiovisual translation

In this article, audiovisual translation is considered contrastively from a cross-cultural pragmatics perspective, in its uses of language across languages and cultures. This inevitably broaches questions of linguistic and cultural representation, critical in a world in which the global availability of cultural products is ever greater. They are a main focus in this paper, with related questions about the development of subtitling and dubbing language as idiosyncratic varieties and expressive media, and implications for representation and its impact on audiences. AVT research has had many challenges to confront in its early days and these are relatively uncharted territories. Yet current developments like fansubbing and other crowdsourcing activities are re-defining the name of the game and heralding significant changes, in AVT practices and in the ways they and the products and responses they generate are accounted for in research (as evidenced in emerging re-evaluations of quality and subjectivity, for example; Pérez-González 2012, 2014). These are central concerns in mapping the way forward

A Solve-RD ClinVar-based reanalysis of 1522 index cases from ERN-ITHACA reveals common pitfalls and misinterpretations in exome sequencing

Purpose Within the Solve-RD project (https://solve-rd.eu/), the European Reference Network for Intellectual disability, TeleHealth, Autism and Congenital Anomalies aimed to investigate whether a reanalysis of exomes from unsolved cases based on ClinVar annotations could establish additional diagnoses. We present the results of the “ClinVar low-hanging fruit” reanalysis, reasons for the failure of previous analyses, and lessons learned. Methods Data from the first 3576 exomes (1522 probands and 2054 relatives) collected from European Reference Network for Intellectual disability, TeleHealth, Autism and Congenital Anomalies was reanalyzed by the Solve-RD consortium by evaluating for the presence of single-nucleotide variant, and small insertions and deletions already reported as (likely) pathogenic in ClinVar. Variants were filtered according to frequency, genotype, and mode of inheritance and reinterpreted. Results We identified causal variants in 59 cases (3.9%), 50 of them also raised by other approaches and 9 leading to new diagnoses, highlighting interpretation challenges: variants in genes not known to be involved in human disease at the time of the first analysis, misleading genotypes, or variants undetected by local pipelines (variants in off-target regions, low quality filters, low allelic balance, or high frequency). Conclusion The “ClinVar low-hanging fruit” analysis represents an effective, fast, and easy approach to recover causal variants from exome sequencing data, herewith contributing to the reduction of the diagnostic deadlock

Oral et illusion d'oral: indices d'oralité dans les sous-titres de dialogues de film

Lorsque que l’on parle d’oralité dans les sous-titres de films, c’est souvent en termes de perte par rapport aux dialogues sources, dont l’oralité, elle, semble peu mise en question. Elle ne va pourtant pas de soi. Les dialogues de films ne sont pas de l’oral, ils en créent l’illusion. Si, comme l’avance Fowler (1991, 2000), le sens de l’oralité ne relève pas uniquement de la projection par le canal oral, facteur qui différencie dialogues et sous-titres, quel rapport y a-t-il entre cette illusion et celle que doit aussi ménager le sous-titrage ? C’est à cette question que s’intéresse cet article, qui s’appuie sur la comparaison de dialogues et sous-titres correspondants du film 37°2 le matin (Beineix 1986) par rapport à l’oral spontané, et sur la théorie du mode de Fowler, pour conclure que, paradoxalement, les contraintes du sous-titrage en stimulent le potentiel à produire l’expérience de l’oralité.Comments about the shift from film dialogues to subtitles often draw attention to a loss of orality. The orality of film dialogues itself tends to be taken for granted. Yet they, too, are often a far cry from real-life exchanges: what they produce is an illusion of speech. If, as Fowler contends, the experience of orality is not solely a function of oral projection, a feature marking out source dialogues from subtitles, what is the relationship between this illusion and the illusion subtitling must, too, promote? This is the question that this article addresses. It draws on Fowler’s theory of mode (1991, 2000) and a comparison of dialogues from the French film 37°2 le matin (Beineix 1986), their subtitles in English and face-to-face communication in real time, to demonstrate the almost intrinsic potential of subtitles to promote the experience of orality

Subtitling on the Cusp of its Futures

Subtitling today is facing considerable opportunities and considerable challenges, in practice and theory. This applies with particular acuteness to interlingual film subtitling, the written target language rendition(s) of source text speech in films that is the focus in this chapter (henceforth ‘film subtitling’ or ‘subtitling’ for short). The practice itself is approaching its hundredth year. The academic discipline is young in research terms, barely twenty five years old. It had been steadily firming up its foundations and developing its credentials, as a branch of Audiovisual Translation and within Translation Studies. Since the mid-90s, it had been busy identifying domains of concern, evolving methodologies, developing greater rigour in research, finding interdisciplinary partners to help it come to terms effectively with the multimodal nature of subtitling. In the midst of all that came the onset of fansubbing, and with it the ‘butterfly effect’ that has underpinned the explosion of amateur practices generally - subtitling by the people for the people. Together with its catalyst, the spectacular technological developments ongoing since then on a global scale, this explosion has radically changed what is at stake in subtitling. One of the most momentous changes for the practice since its inception may well turn out to be that technology has put it in the hands of the general public, literally at their fingertips, with the opportunity to shift from a passive role as viewers to active and activist roles as prosumers - producers and distributors of their own edited materials (Díaz Cintaz 2013: 273, Pérez González 2014). There is no aspect of subtitling, in practice or theory, that has not been and will not be affected by this phenomenon and its implications. Its long-term significance was heralded by a handful of scholars with early ‘insights into the butterfly effect of globalization on audiovisual translation’ (Pérez González 2006 and above). The extent to which it would rock the foundations of subtitling even before they were fully established has only more recently begun to been more fully appreciated. The aim of this chapter is to locate film subtitling at this crucial juncture between its recent past as a maturing practice and a young discipline, and the unchartred territories of its future, with the questions that it compels the field to revisit and the new ones that it raises. Technological development is a main drive in the review of aspects and issues of subtitling in this perspective, as a platform to project in what lies ahead, but also to revisit the past and reassess its achievements, and its oversights. There are urgent themes to be addressed and re-addressed at this interface of past and future, and of professional and amateur practice in film subtitling: •the creative specificities and potential of subtitling and subtitles •the question of quality in the sharing of space by professionals and amateurs •the sociocultural aspects of film subtitling and linguistic and cultural impact in increasingly cross-and intercultural global contexts. They will serve as the canvas for the three main sections that will make up the chapter and cover between them aspects and issues standard in reviews of the practice and the field, from these distinct angles: 1)Processes and evolutions, constraints and opportunities 2)Means and modes of meaning in subtitling 3)Research and methodologie