La prison de Montréal de 1865 à 1913 : évolution en longue période d'une population pénale

La prison de Montréal est un des principaux moyens d'administration de la justice pénale montréalaise au XIXe siècle. Elle a été construite à une époque où l'augmentation de la criminalité contemporaine s'amorçait à peine. Le présent article a pour but de donner une première mesure du fonctionnement de l'établissement, de 1865 à 1913, soit au coeur du processus d'industrialisation qui laissera une marque si nette sur le paysage montréalais. Après une brève présentation historique de la prison des hommes et de celle des femmes, nous ferons l'analyse des principales caractéristiques de la population pénale. Cette mesure sera faite principalement en puisant dans la banque de données informatisées constituée à partir des registres de la prison de Montréal.During the XlXth century, the Montreal prison was one of the main means for administering Montreal penal justice. It was built at a time when the development of contemporary criminality was in its infancy. The purpose of this article is to provide a first evaluation of the operations of this institution —namely from 1865 to 1913—in the middle of the industrialization process which would so clearly mark the Montreal landscape. After a brief historical presentation of the men's prison and the women's prison, an analysis is presented of the main characteristics of the penal population. This evaluation is primarily based on the automated data base composed of the Montreal prison registers

La responsabilidad social de las empresas: ¿un nuevo valor para las cooperativas?

Integrating economic, social and environmental dimensions into business dynamics from the stakeholders’ point of view is becoming increasingly important as a strategic business value shared by European institutions. However, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is not a challenge for all economic organizations; for cooperatives, CSR represents an integral part of their values and the dynamics with which they operate. In the particular case of financial service cooperatives, this type of company makes it possible to prevent banking exclusion, which still exists in developed countries. This article aims, primarily, to analyze the concept of CSR from the point of view of cooperatives by studying the characteristics of social responsibility reports as instruments of measurement and communication of their behaviour in this aspect. This preliminary phase allows us to then conduct a comparative study of the social, economic and environmental results of 134 cooperative and non-cooperative financial institutions worldwide.credit unions, commercial banking, corporate social responsibility, cooperative identity, financial service cooperatives, triple bottom line, sustainable reports.

Valeur des collégiens et réussite scolaire filles et garçons au collège : des univers parallèles ? : étude sur la problématique des genres et la réussite scolaire en milieu collégial /

"Recherche subventionnée par le ministère de l'Éducation, du Loisir et du Sport dans le cadre du Programme d'aide à la recherche sur l'enseignement et l'apprentissage (PAREA)"Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 20 sept. 2010)Également disponible en version papier.Bibliogr

Prevalence of shedding and antibody to Coxiella burnetii in post-partum dairy cows and its association with reproductive tract diseases and performance : a pilot study

The bacterium Coxiella burnetii has been associated with reproduction disorders in dairy cattle. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Québec, Canada, to estimate the prevalence of C. burnetii in dairy cows from C. burnetii RT-PCR-positive and/or ELISA-positive herds. As a secondary objective, the associations between C. burnetii-positivity and three reproductive outcomes (purulent vaginal discharge, cytological endometritis, and success at first service) were assessed. A total of 202 post-parturient dairy cows from nine herds were sampled at 35 ± 7 days in milk. Vaginal mucus and composite milk were collected from each cow and screened for the presence of C. burnetii by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and ELISA, respectively. Purulent vaginal discharge and cytological endometritis were evaluated using a Metricheck device and a modified cytobrush, respectively. The first insemination postpartum was done following an ovulation synchronization protocol around 70 days in milk, and success at first service was recorded. Multilevel logistic regressions adjusted for parity were used to model purulent vaginal discharge, cytological endometritis and success at first service according to C. burnetii cow status. All 202 RT-PCR-assayed vaginal samples were C. burnetii-negative. A positive result for anti-C. burnetii antibodies detection in composite milk was obtained in 25/202 samples and a doubtful result in 4/202 samples. After adjustment for sampling weights, the 202 ELISA-assayed composite milk samples gave an estimated overall prevalence of C. burnetii positive cows of 12.9 % (CI = 6.1–19.6 %) and of doubtful cows of 1.4 % (CI = 0.0–3.3 %). The proportion of ELISA-positive cows was lower in first parity (0%) compared to second (17.1 %) or third parity cows (20.0 %). The associations between ELISA positivity and reproductive outcomes were not statistically significant, perhaps due to the limited sample size, but could be used as pilot estimate for large-scale studies investigating the impact of C. burnetii infection on reproduction disorders in dairy cattle

Epidemiological study of Coxiella burnetii in dairy cattle and small ruminants in Québec, Canada

The bacterium Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii) can infect a wide range of animals, most notably ruminants where it causes mainly asymptomatic infections and, when clinical, it is associated with reproductive disorders such as abortion. It is also the etiological agent of Q fever in humans, a zoonosis of increasingly important public health concern. A cross-sectional study was performed to estimate the apparent prevalence and spatial distribution of C. burnetii positivity in dairy cattle and small ruminant herds of two regions of Québec, Canada, and identify potential risk factors associated with positivity at animal and herd levels. In dairy cattle herds, individual fecal samples and repeated bulk tank milk samples (BTM) were collected. In small ruminant herds, serum and feces were sampled in individual animals. ELISA analyses were performed on serum and BTM samples. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was done on fecal and BTM samples. An animal was considered C. burnetii-positive when at least one sample was revealed positive by ELISA and/or qPCR, while a herd was considered C. burnetii-positive when at least one animal inside that herd was revealed positive. None of the 155 cows had a qPCR-positive fecal sample, whereas 37.2 % (95 % CI = 25.3–49.1) of the 341 sheep and 49.2 % (95 % CI = 25.6–72.7) of the 75 goats were C. burnetii-positive. The apparent prevalence of C. burnetii-positive herds was 47.3 % (95 % CI = 35.6–59.3) in dairy cattle herds (n = 74), 69.6 % (95 % CI = 47.1–86.8) in sheep flocks (n = 23) and 66.7 % (95 % CI = 22.3–95.7) in goat herds (n = 6). No spatial cluster of positive herds was detected. At the individual level, the only significant association with positivity in multivariable regressions was higher parity number in small ruminants. At the herd level, the use of calving group pen, the distance to the closest positive bovine herd, and small ruminant herd density in a 5 km radius were associated with dairy cattle herd positivity, whereas small ruminant herds with more than 100 animals and with a dog on the farm had greater odds of C. burnetii positivity. Our study shows that the infection is frequent on dairy cattle and small ruminant herds from the two studied regions and that some farm and animal characteristics might influence the transmission dynamics of the C. burnetii infection