13 research outputs found
Les profils cliniques des jeunes contrevenants reconnus coupables ou non de délits à caractÚre sexuel
Les jeunes contrevenants reconnus coupables dâagression sexuelle (JCAS) forment un groupe hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšne. Une des pistes de solution afin de mieux comprendre cette grande diversitĂ© se trouve dans les systĂšmes classificatoires. Or, comme ces systĂšmes utilisent jusquâĂ maintenant des Ă©chantillons constituĂ©s uniquement de JCAS, ils sous-tendent lâidĂ©e que les JCAS reprĂ©sentent une population distincte des jeunes contrevenants non reconnus coupables dâagression sexuelle (JCNAS). La littĂ©rature souligne pourtant que les JCAS ne sont pas si distincts des JCNAS, remettant ainsi en question la pertinence de ces systĂšmes classificatoires. Qui plus est, lâintervention destinĂ©e aux JCAS sâappuient grandement sur ces systĂšmes classificatoires, questionnant Ă©galement lâefficacitĂ© et la pertinence des stratĂ©gies thĂ©rapeutiques utilisĂ©es auprĂšs de ces jeunes. Le premier objectif de ce projet de recherche Ă devis quantitatif est de mettre sur pied une typologie incluant Ă la fois des JCAS et des JCNAS Ă partir de variables associĂ©es Ă la dĂ©linquance gĂ©nĂ©rale et sexuelle. Le deuxiĂšme objectif consiste Ă comparer les diffĂ©rents profils obtenus sur la base (2a) des caractĂ©ristiques personnelles des jeunes, (2b) de leur dĂ©linquance sexuelle officielle, (2c) de leur dĂ©linquance sexuelle autorĂ©vĂ©lĂ©e et (2d) de leur dĂ©linquance non sexuelle autorĂ©vĂ©lĂ©e. LâĂ©chantillon total comprend 391 jeunes contrevenants de sexe masculin, tous ĂągĂ©s de 14 Ă 20 ans (290 JCAS, 66 JCNAS et 35 jeunes contrevenants dont lâhistorique de dĂ©lits sexuels est inconnu). Les participants ont complĂ©tĂ© soit le Multidimensional Assessment of Sex and Aggression (MASA) ou le Multidimensional Inventory of Development, Sex, and Aggression (MIDSA). Ă lâaide dâune analyse de classification de type TwoStep Cluster, trois profils de JCAS et de JCNAS ont Ă©tĂ© mis en Ă©vidence, soit les Hypotypiques, les Hypertypiques et les MultiproblĂ©matiques. Ces profils, tous composĂ©s Ă la fois de JCAS et de JCNAS, se distinguent par la nature et lâintensitĂ© de leurs caractĂ©ristiques personnelles et de leur dĂ©linquance sexuelle et non sexuelle. La distribution conjointe des JCAS et des JCNAS Ă travers les profils met en lumiĂšre lâidĂ©e quâils ne sont pas deux populations complĂštement distinctes. Certains JCAS ressembleraient davantage aux JCNAS et ne nĂ©cessiteraient pas une intervention spĂ©cifique sur le plan sexuel. Dâailleurs, lâanalyse sur la dĂ©linquance sexuelle cachĂ©e permet Ă©galement de dĂ©montrer quâil existe parfois un Ă©cart important entre celle-ci et la dĂ©linquance sexuelle officielle. De plus, certains JCNAS ressembleraient davantage aux JCAS et nĂ©cessiteraient une intervention adaptĂ©e Ă cet Ă©gard. Ă la lumiĂšre de ces rĂ©sultats, des pistes dâintervention propres Ă chacun des profils obtenus sont proposĂ©es et sâappuient sur le modĂšle dâintervention Risque-Besoin-RĂ©ceptivitĂ© (RBR). Ce mĂ©moire doctoral vient donc souligner lâimportance de baser lâintervention davantage sur les caractĂ©ristiques et les besoins des jeunes contrevenants plutĂŽt que sur le dĂ©lit commis. LâĂ©tiquette dĂ©lictuelle, comme source dâinformation pour orienter lâintervention, est donc ici remise en question
Quelques procédés d'organisation du discours harmonique chez Schubert
Ce mĂ©moire de maĂźtrise propose des outils dâanalyse permettant de souligner la cohĂ©rence harmonique du langage de Franz Schubert, en particulier dans les Ćuvres tardives de sa production. Lâanalyse dâun corpus incluant principalement sa musique de chambre, ses sonates pour piano et une sĂ©lection de lieder, nous a permis dâobserver des constantes dans le discours harmonique du compositeur.
ConfrontĂ©e Ă la fois Ă la richesse de lâĂ©criture tonale de Schubert et aux limites dâun mĂ©moire de maĂźtrise, nous avons Ă©tĂ© amenĂ©e Ă concentrer notre Ă©tude sur deux traits caractĂ©ristiques de son style harmonique, soit le majeur-mineur et sa pratique modulatoire. Dâune part, la typologie des emplois du majeur-mineur dĂ©veloppĂ©e dans ce travail permet de prĂ©ciser la nature des diffĂ©rents phĂ©nomĂšnes sây rapportant, tout en soulignant lâimportance structurelle quâils occupent au sein de la forme. Ainsi, nous avons identifiĂ© trois types dâemploi de lâinterchangeabilitĂ© des modes majeur et mineur : lâornementation Ă lâintĂ©rieur dâun accord (coloration), lâemprunt dâaccords au mode opposĂ© Ă lâintĂ©rieur dâune unitĂ© structurelle harmonique (mode mixte), et le changement de modes entre deux unitĂ©s structurelles harmoniques successives (opposition de modes). Dâautre part, les mĂ©canismes modulatoires expliquĂ©s dans ce mĂ©moire, soit lâemploi du majeur-mineur lors de lâaccord pivot, lâaltĂ©ration de la fonction VII ainsi que lâutilisation de dominantes contrariĂ©es, entraĂźnent un accroissement de la tension tonale en reliant des zones trĂšs Ă©loignĂ©es entre elles et agissent comme marqueurs formels dans les Ćuvres du compositeur.
Les mĂ©canismes prĂ©sentĂ©s dans ce mĂ©moire permettent ainsi de prĂ©ciser la logique harmonique qui sous-tend les Ćuvres de Schubert, en mettant en valeur lâinteraction entre la microstructure et la macrostructure.This masterâs thesis provides analysis tools to highlight the internal consistency of Schubertâs harmonic language, especially in his late works. The analysis of a corpus including mainly his chamber music, his piano sonatas, and a selection of lieder, reveals some constants in the composerâs harmonic organization.
Confronted with both the richness of Schubertâs tonal writing and the limits of a masterâs thesis, I have chosen two characteristic features of his harmonic style for study : his use of major-minor harmonies and his modulatory practice. First, the typology of the major-minor usages developed in this thesis allows for the specification of the nature of different phenomena related to them, while emphasizing their structural importance in the form. Thus, three types of application of the interchangeability of major and minor modes are identified: ornamentation within a chord (colouration), borrowing of chords from the opposite mode inside a harmonic structural unit (modal mixture), and modal shift between two successive harmonic structural units (mode opposition). Furthermore, the modulatory mechanisms explained in this thesis including the use of major-minor at pivot chords, chromatically altered VII chords, as well as the use of what Serge Gut identifies as « dominantes contrariĂ©es » cause an increase in tonal tension by linking remote tonalities and act as formal markers in the works of Schubert.
The mechanisms presented in this thesis advance our understanding of the harmonic logic that underlies Schubertâs works by drawing attention to the interaction between microstructure and macrostructure
Influence of Physical Activity Participation on the Associations between Eating Behaviour Traits and Body Mass Index in Healthy Postmenopausal Women
Available data reveals inconsistent relationships between eating behaviour traits and markers of adiposity level. It is thus relevant to investigate whether other factors also need to be considered when interpreting the relationship between eating behaviour traits and adiposity. The objective of this cross-sectional study was thus to examine whether the associations between variables of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) and adiposity are influenced by the level of physical activity participation. Information from the TFEQ and physical activity was obtained from 113 postmenopausal women (56.7 ± 4.2 years; 28.5 ± 5.9âkg/m2). BMI was compared between four groups formed on the basis of the physical activity participation and eating behaviour traits medians. In groups of women with higher physical activity participation, BMI was significantly lower in women who presented higher dietary restraint when compared to women who had lower dietary restraint (25.5 ± 0.5 versus 30.3 ± 1.7âkg/m2, P < .05). In addition, among women with lower physical activity participation, BMI was significantly lower in women presenting a lower external hunger than in those with a higher external hunger (27.5 ± 0.8 versus 32.4 ± 1.1âkg/m2, P < .001). Our results suggest that physical activity participation should also be taken into account when interpreting the relationship between adiposity and eating behaviour traits
The Transcriptome of Human Epicardial, Mediastinal and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues in Men with Coronary Artery Disease
The biological functions of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) remain largely unknown. However, the proximity of EAT to the coronary arteries suggests a role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). The objectives of this study were to identify genes differentially regulated among three adipose tissues, namely EAT, mediastinal (MAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) and to study their possible relationships with the development of cardiovascular diseases.Samples were collected from subjects undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgeries. Gene expression was evaluated in the three adipose depots of six men using the IlluminaÂź HumanWG-6 v3.0 expression BeadChips. Twenty-three and 73 genes were differentially up-regulated in EAT compared to MAT and SAT, respectively. Ninety-four genes were down-regulated in EAT compared to SAT. However, none were significantly down-regulated in EAT compared to MAT. More specifically, the expression of the adenosine A1 receptor (ADORA1), involved in myocardial ischemia, was significantly up-regulated in EAT. Levels of the prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS) gene, recently associated with the progression of atherosclerosis, were significantly different in the three pairwise comparisons (EAT>MAT>SAT). The results of ADORA1 and PTGDS were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR in 25 independent subjects.Overall, the transcriptional profiles of EAT and MAT were similar compared to the SAT. Despite this similarity, two genes involved in cardiovascular diseases, ADORA1 and PTGDS, were differentially up-regulated in EAT. These results provide insights about the biology of EAT and its potential implication in CAD
Typologie des cycles de quintes évasifs dans Le Clavier bien tempéré de J.S. Bach
Le musicologue Manfred Bukofzer, dans son ouvrage La musique baroque, mentionne que le systĂšme tonal nâarrive Ă maturitĂ© quâĂ la fin de la pĂ©riode baroque (1982, 241). Il soutient que câest par lâutilisation systĂ©matique du cycle de quintes dans les oeuvres de cette Ă©poque que les compositeurs sont parvenus Ă mieux dĂ©finir la tonalitĂ© (ibid., 242). Dans les deux volumes du Clavier bien tempĂ©rĂ© de Bach (1722 et 1742), les cycles de quintes sont en effet particuliĂšrement nombreux et variĂ©s. Cette recherche â qui sâinscrit dans la foulĂ©e des travaux de Luce Beaudet, professeure dâanalyse et de formation auditive Ă lâUniversitĂ© de MontrĂ©al â propose un point de vue tout Ă fait nouveau sur le Clavier bien tempĂ©rĂ© en ce qui concerne spĂ©cifiquement lâutilisation des cycles de quintes. Ă partir dâexemples tirĂ©s de ce corpus, lâarticle Ă©tablit une typologie des cycles de quintes Ă©vasifs. Ces cycles de quintes prĂ©sentent une formulation harmonique imprĂ©cise et, de ce fait, peuvent poser de rĂ©els problĂšmes dâanalyse. En effet, on retrouve dans le Clavier bien tempĂ©rĂ© des cycles de quintes de toutes sortes, allant des plus conventionnels aux plus sophistiquĂ©s. Les diffĂ©rentes formes que Bach leur a donnĂ©es obligent les analystes Ă raffiner les mĂ©thodes existantes afin de rĂ©pertorier les variantes par rapport au modĂšle conventionnel et, en particulier en ce qui concerne les cycles de quintes Ă©vasifs, pour faire apparaĂźtre ce qui demeure tacite. On observe aussi que le cycle de quintes, en plus dâĂȘtre abondamment utilisĂ© dans le parcours harmonique des prĂ©ludes et fugues du Clavier bien tempĂ©rĂ©, constitue un Ă©lĂ©ment structurel fondamental, tant au niveau microscopique que macroscopique.Musicologist Manfred Bukofzer, in Music in the Baroque Era, posits that the tonal system reaches maturity only during the late Baroque period (1982, 241). He argues that composers, by that time, had defined tonality by systematically using the circle of fifths (ibid., 242). This is indeed the case for the two volumes of Bachâs Well-Tempered Clavier (1722 and 1742), works replete with a variety of circles of fifths. This research, conducted under the supervision of Luce Beaudet, a professor of musical analysis and ear training at UniversitĂ© de MontrĂ©al, offers a new perspective on the use of circles of fifths in the Well-Tempered Clavier. Based on examples from this corpus, this article develops a typology of evasive circles of fifths. These circles of fifths present an imprecise harmonic formulation, thus creating real challenges when it comes to analyzing them. In fact, in the Well-Tempered Clavier, there are all kinds of circles of fifths, ranging from the conventional to the most sophisticated. The different forms that Bach gave them force music analysts to refine existing tools to identify and show, in the case of evasive circles of fifths, what is implied in comparison with the conventional model. It should be noted that the circle of fifths, in addition to being widely used in the harmonic progressions of the preludes and fugues in the Well-Tempered Clavier, are a fundamental structural element, on both microscopic and macroscopic levels
Facteurs liĂ©s Ă lâintention des mĂšres de participer Ă un programme de soutien Ă la parentalitĂ©
MalgrĂ© lâefficacitĂ© reconnue de certains programmes de soutien Ă la parentalitĂ©, la participation des parents est souvent faible et variable dâun programme Ă lâautre. Dans ce contexte, cette Ă©tude vise Ă explorer les facteurs qui sont liĂ©s Ă lâintention des mĂšres Ă participer Ă un programme de soutien Ă la parentalitĂ©. Des analyses secondaires des donnĂ©es de lâEnquĂȘte internationale sur les Parents-Canada (Lee et al., 2014) ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es Ă partir dâun sous-Ă©chantillon de mĂšres quĂ©bĂ©coises francophones dâenfants ĂągĂ©s de 2 Ă 12 ans (n = 192). Les rĂ©sultats montrent que la majoritĂ© des mĂšres (61 %) rapporte ne pas connaĂźtre et nâavoir participĂ© Ă aucun programme de soutien Ă la parentalitĂ©. Or, les analyses de rĂ©gression indiquent que cette connaissance serait un facteur liĂ© Ă lâintention de participer Ă un tel programme. De plus, le fait de manifester un intĂ©rĂȘt pour les modalitĂ©s de groupe semble aussi ĂȘtre un facteur favorable Ă lâintention des mĂšres dây participer. Ces rĂ©sultats sont discutĂ©s en termes dâimplication pour favoriser le recrutement des parents Ă des programmes de soutien Ă la parentalitĂ©.Despite the proven effectiveness of some parenting programs, parental enrollment is often low and varies from one program to another. In this context, the purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that are linked to mothersâ participation in parenting programs. Secondary analyses of the data from the International Parenting Survey of Canada (IPS-C) (Lee, Smith, Stern et al., 2014) were conducted based on a subsample of francophone Quebec mothers of children aged 2 to 12 years old (n = 192). The results show that a majority of mothers (61 %) reported not knowing and not having participated in any parenting program. However, regression analysis shows that being aware of those programs may be a strong motive to participate. Moreover, participants who expressed an interest in group programs seem to be more likely to participate in parenting programs in the future. These results are discussed in terms of involvement, to promote recruitment of parents in parenting support programs
ĂpidĂ©miologie des troubles dĂ©pressifs et anxieux chez les enfants et les adolescents quĂ©bĂ©cois
LâĂ©pidĂ©miologie de la santĂ© mentale des enfants et des adolescents est une discipline relativement rĂ©cente et souvent mĂ©connue, notamment au QuĂ©bec. Certains travaux ont cependant permis dâestimer la prĂ©valence des troubles mentaux les plus frĂ©quents chez les jeunes, tels que les troubles anxieux et dĂ©pressifs, ainsi que les caractĂ©ristiques individuelles, familiales et socioĂ©conomiques qui y sont associĂ©es. Cet article poursuit deux objectifs : prĂ©senter une recension des principaux rĂ©sultats de recherche en Ă©pidĂ©miologie pĂ©dopsychiatrique au QuĂ©bec et mettre en Ă©vidence lâapport de ces rĂ©sultats pour la santĂ© publique. Afin dâatteindre ces objectifs, cet article prĂ©sente les rĂ©sultats de recherche en lien avec trois thĂ©matiques : 1) la mesure et lâidentification des troubles anxieux et dĂ©pressifs chez les enfants et les adolescents ; 2) la prĂ©valence de ces troubles et la comorbiditĂ©Â ; 3) les variables associĂ©es aux troubles anxieux et dĂ©pressifs identifiĂ©es dans les Ă©tudes Ă©pidĂ©miologiques. Les auteurs souligneront les implications futures de ces rĂ©sultats Ă travers les politiques quĂ©bĂ©coises dans le domaine de la santĂ© publique.Epidemiology of child and adolescent mental health is a relatively new discipline, particularly in the province of Quebec. Some work has however estimated the prevalence of the most common mental disorders among young people, such as anxiety and depression, as well as identified associated individual, family and socio-economic variables. This article has two objectives: to present a review of major epidemiological research findings in child psychiatry conducted in the province of Quebec and highlight the contribution of these findings for public health. To achieve these objectives, this article presents the results of research related to three themes: 1) measurement and identification of anxiety and depressive disorders in children and adolescents, 2) the prevalence of these disorders and comorbidity, 3) the correlates of anxiety and depressive disorders identified in epidemiological studies. The authors will then highlight future implications of these results across QuĂ©bec policies in the field of public health