De la satisfaction au moral professionnel des enseignants : étude de quelques déterminants

Cet article introduit la notion de « moral professionnel de l’enseignant » en croisant la satisfaction professionnelle avec la persistance dans le métier. Notre recherche examine le degré d’influence de certains déterminants personnels et professionnels sur les variables de satisfaction professionnelle et de persistance dans le métier prises isolément, mais aussi sur notre variable de moral professionnel des enseignants. L’analyse de données révèle que, globalement, les enseignants sont satisfaits professionnellement, que l’âge et le sexe sont des facteurs d’influence, mais pas le diplôme ni la discipline enseignée. Quant à la fréquence des relations, les résultats montrent l’importance des collègues de même discipline et du chef d’établissement. Enfin, la recherche révèle qu’il existe bien des sous-groupes différenciés d’enseignants en termes de moral professionnel.This article introduces the concept of teacher’s “professional moral” by inter-connecting the notions of professional satisfaction and persistence in the career. This research examines the degree of influence of certain personal and professsional determinants on the variables of professional satisfaction and persistence in the career, examined individually, but also on the variable teacher’s professional moral. Analysis of data shows that globally teachers are professionally satisfied, and that while age and sex are influencing factors, the diploma held and the discipline taught are not. Regarding frequency of relationships, the results show the importance of colleagues in the same discipline and of the school director. Finally, this study shows that there are specific subgroups regarding professional moral among teachers.Este artículo introduce la noción de «ánimo profesional del docente» cruzando la satisfacción profesional con la persistencia en la profesión. Nuestra investigación contempla el grado de influencia de algunos determinantes personales y profesionales sobre las variables de satisfacción profesional y de persistencia en la profesión, consideradas por separado, pero también sobre nuestra variable de ánimo profesional de los docentes. El análisis de datos revela que, de manera global, los docentes se encuentran satisfechos profesionalmente, la edad y el sexo son factores de influencia, pero no es así del diploma y de la asignatura enseñada. En cuanto a la frecuencia de las relaciones, los resultados muestran la importancia de los colegas de una misma asignatura y del jefe del establecimiento. Por terminar, la investigación revela la existencia real de subgrupos diferenciados de docentes en términos de ánimo profesional

New indices to characterize drawing behavior in humans (Homo sapiens) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Techniques used in cave art suggest that drawing skills emerged long before the oldest known representative human productions (44, 000 years BC). This study seeks to improve our knowledge of the evolutionary origins and the ontogenetic development of drawing behavior by studying drawings of humans (N = 178, 3- to 10-year-old children and adults) and chimpanzees (N = 5). Drawings were characterized with an innovative index based on spatial measures which provides the degree of efficiency for the lines that are drawn. Results showed that this index was lowest in chimpanzees, increased and reached its maximum between 5-year-old and 10-year-old children and decreased in adults, whose drawing efficiency was reduced by the addition of details. Drawings of chimpanzees are not random suggesting that their movements are constrained by cognitive or locomotor aspect and we cannot conclude to the absence of representativeness. We also used indices based on colors and time and asked children about what they drew. These indices can be considered relevant tools to improve our understanding of drawing development and evolution in hominids

WEIRD: Wide-orbit Exoplanet search with InfraRed Direct imaging

We report results from the Wide-orbit Exoplanet search with InfraRed Direct imaging (WEIRD), a survey designed to search for Jupiter-like companions on very wide orbits (1000 to 5000 AU) around young stars ($<$120 Myr) that are known members of moving groups in the solar neighborhood ($<$70 pc). Sharing the same age, distance, and metallicity as their host while being on large enough orbits to be studied as "isolated" objects make such companions prime targets for spectroscopic observations and valuable benchmark objects for exoplanet atmosphere models. The search strategy is based on deep imaging in multiple bands across the near-infrared domain. For all 177 objects of our sample, $z_{ab}^\prime$, $J$, [3.6] and [4.5] images were obtained with CFHT/MegaCam, GEMINI/GMOS, CFHT/WIRCam, GEMINI/Flamingos-2, and $Spitzer$/IRAC. Using this set of 4 images per target, we searched for sources with red $z_{ab}^\prime$ and $[3.6]-[4.5]$ colors, typically reaching good completeness down to 2Mjup companions, while going down to 1Mjup for some targets, at separations of $1000-5000$ AU. The search yielded 4 candidate companions with the expected colors, but they were all rejected through follow-up proper motion observations. Our results constrain the occurrence of 1-13 Mjup planetary-mass companions on orbits with a semi-major axis between 1000 and 5000 AU at less than 0.03, with a 95\% confidence level.Comment: 55 pages, 16 figures, accepted to A

G x E interactions on yield and quality in Coffea arabica: New F1 hybrids outperform American cultivars

Conventional American cultivars of coffee are no longer adapted to global warming. Finding highly productive and stable cultivars in different environments without neglecting quality characteristics has become a priority for breeders. In this study, new Arabica F1 hybrids clones were compared to conventional American varieties in seven contrasting environments, for yield, rust incidence and volume of the canopy. The quality was assessed through size, weight of 100 beans, biochemical analysis (24 aroma precursors and 31 volatiles compounds) and sensory analysis. Conventional varieties were the least productive, producing 50% less than the best hybrid. The AMMI model analysis pointed out five hybrids as the most stable and productive. Two F1 hybrids clones, H1-Centroamericano and H16-Mundo Maya, were superior to the most planted American cultivar in Latin and Central America showing a high yield performance and stability performance. H1-Centroamerica and Starmaya contain more d-limonene than Caturra, while Starmaya contain more 3-methylbutanoic acid than the control. Those two latter volatiles compounds are linked with good cup quality in previous studies. In terms of sensory analysis, Starmaya and H1-Centroamericano scored better than control