26 research outputs found

    Identification et prévention du risque suicidaire chez les personnes ùgées résidant en EMS: une revue de la littérature soutenue par le modÚle de l'adaptation de C. Roy : travail de Bachelor

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    Introduction. Le suicide est un problĂšme majeur en santĂ© publique en Suisse, oĂč le taux de suicide est Ă©levĂ©. En parallĂšle, de nombreux enjeux sont liĂ©s au vieillissement de la population, parmi lesquels la demande croissante de soins en rĂ©sidence mĂ©dicalisĂ©e. Il existe peu de donnĂ©es sur les comportements suicidaires dans les nursing homes. Le but de cette revue synthĂ©tique de la littĂ©rature est de dĂ©crire l’épidĂ©miologie du phĂ©nomĂšne du suicide en nursing home, les facteurs de risques et les facteurs protecteurs qui lui sont associĂ©s et de donner des pistes concernant les stratĂ©gies de prĂ©vention au regard du modĂšle de soins infirmiers de l’adaptation, dĂ©crit par Callista Roy. MĂ©thodologie. La base de donnĂ©es PubMed a Ă©tĂ© consultĂ©e pour trouver des Ă©tudes portant sur le phĂ©nomĂšne du suicide en nursing home, avec les mots-clĂ©s suivants : suicide, facteurs de risque, dĂ©pression, mini mental state Ă©valuation, Ă©chelle gĂ©riatrique de la dĂ©pression. Parmi les 135 articles issus de cette recherche documentaire, 14 ont Ă©tĂ© sĂ©lectionnĂ©s pour une lecture critique. RĂ©sultats. Le risque suicidaire augmente avec l’ñge. Les idĂ©ations suicidaires sont frĂ©quentes dans les rĂ©sidences mĂ©dicalisĂ©es, au contraire des suicides aboutis. Les principaux facteurs du risque suicidaire sont la dĂ©pression, l’isolement social, les conflits relationnels et le genre masculin. Il existe peu de donnĂ©es relatives aux facteurs protecteurs et aux interventions de prĂ©vention. Conclusion. La connaissance des facteurs de risques et la compĂ©tence d’évaluer la souffrance psychique sont essentielles pour prĂ©venir le risque suicidaire. Des recommandations de bonnes pratiques fondĂ©es sur le modĂšle de l’adaptation, sur les diagnostics infirmiers et des propositions d’échelles psychomĂ©triques fournissent aux infirmiĂšres qui travaillent dans les nursing homes des Ă©lĂ©ments de lecture opĂ©rationnels utiles dans le dĂ©pistage et la prĂ©vention du risque suicidaire

    Androgens show sex-dependent differences in myelination in immune and non-immune murine models of CNS demyelination

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    Abstract Neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and remyelinating properties of androgens are well-characterized in demyelinated male mice and men suffering from multiple sclerosis. However, androgen effects mediated by the androgen receptor (AR), have been only poorly studied in females who make low androgen levels. Here, we show a predominant microglial AR expression in demyelinated lesions from female mice and women with multiple sclerosis, but virtually undetectable AR expression in lesions from male animals and men with multiple sclerosis. In female mice, androgens and estrogens act in a synergistic way while androgens drive microglia response towards regeneration. Transcriptomic comparisons of demyelinated mouse spinal cords indicate that, regardless of the sex, androgens up-regulate genes related to neuronal function integrity and myelin production. Depending on the sex, androgens down-regulate genes related to the immune system in females and lipid catabolism in males. Thus, androgens are required for proper myelin regeneration in females and therapeutic approaches of demyelinating diseases need to consider male-female differences

    Le rÎle de Chd7 & Chd8 facteurs du remodelage de la chromatine dans l'oligodendrogenese et la (re)myélinisation

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    Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are myelin-forming cells of the central nervous system wrapping axons and allowing the saltatory conduction of action potentials. In Multiple sclerosis (MS), myelin sheath is destroyed and effective remyelination by oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) diminishes with disease progression. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms controlling OPC generation and differentiation is essential to develop efficient remyelinating therapies. Oligodendrogenesis, involving the steps of OPC generation, OPC differentiation and maturation of OLs, is a process controlled by specific transcription factors including Ascl1, Olig2 and Sox10 but the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. As it is known that chromatin remodelers are regulatory factors necessary in the formation of the promoter-enhancer loop prior to transcription, we focused our study on Chd7 (Chromodomain-Helicase-DNA-Binding 7), a member of the CHD protein family. In a first study, we showed that Chd7 is highly enriched in the oligodendroglial lineage cells with a peak of expression during OL differentiation and that Chd7 OPC-conditional deletion impairs OL differentiation during (re)myelination. In a second study, we used unbiased genome wide technics in purified OPCs to study Chd7 regulation of genes involved in OPC differentiation, proliferation and survival. To this aim, we have generated OPC-specific inducible Chd7 knock-out (Chd7-iKO) and analyse the transcriptome (RNA-seq) of purified OPCs from P7 mouse cortices compared to control littermates. We found that Chd7 promote the expression genes involved in OPC differentiation and myelination and inhibits apoptosis, without affecting OPC proliferation. Furthermore, we investigated Chd8, a paralog of Chd7, showing that it is expressed in the oligodendroglial lineage with a peak of expression in differentiating oligodendrocytes, similar to Chd7. Genome wide binding (ChIP-seq) profiling for Chd7 and Chd8 indicate that these two chromatin remodelers bind to common genes related to OPC differentiation, survival and proliferation. Integrating these datasets with other key transcriptional regulators of oligodendrogenesis (Olig2, Ascl1 & Sox10), we have built a model accounting for the time-controlled regulate expression of genes involved in each step of OL differentiation.Les oligodendrocytes (OLs) sont les cellules myĂ©linisantes du systĂšme nerveux central, s’enroulant autour des axones et permettant la conduction saltatoire du potentiel d’action. Dans la SclĂ©rose en Plaques, des gaines de myĂ©lines sont dĂ©truites et l’efficacitĂ© de la remyĂ©linisation par les prĂ©curseurs d’oligodendrocytes (OPCs) diminue avec la progression de la maladie. Une meilleure comprĂ©hension du mĂ©canisme qui contrĂŽle la gĂ©nĂ©ration des OPCs et leur diffĂ©rentiation est donc essentielle pour dĂ©velopper des thĂ©rapies efficaces de remyĂ©linisation. L’oligodendrogenĂšse, qui comprend les Ă©tapes de gĂ©nĂ©ration des OPCs, de diffĂ©renciation et de maturation des OLs, est un processus contrĂŽlĂ© par des facteurs de transcription spĂ©cifiques incluant Ascl1, Olig2 and Sox10 mais le mĂ©canisme impliquĂ© est encore peu connu. Sachant que les facteurs du remodelage de la chromatine sont des rĂ©gulateurs nĂ©cessaires Ă  la formation de la boucle promoter-enhancer permettant l’initiation de la transcription, nous nous sommes focalisĂ© sur Chd7 (Chromodomain-Helicase-DNA-Binding 7), un membre de la famille de protĂ©ine CHD. Dans une premiĂšre Ă©tude, nous avons montrĂ© que Chd7 est hautement enrichi dans le lignage oligodendroglial avec un pic d’expression pendant la diffĂ©renciation des OLs. Nous avons Ă©galement montrĂ© que la dĂ©lĂ©tion conditionnelle de Chd7 diminuait la diffĂ©rentiation des OLs pendant la (re)myĂ©linisation. Dans un seconde Ă©tude, nous avons utilisĂ© des techniques de gĂ©nomique sur les OPCs purifiĂ©s pour Ă©tudier la rĂ©gulation par Chd7 de gĂšnes impliquĂ©s dans la diffĂ©renciation, la survie et la prolifĂ©ration des OPCs. Dans ce but, nous avons gĂ©nĂ©rer des dĂ©lĂ©tions inductible de Chd7 spĂ©cifiquement dans les OPCs (Chd7iKO) et nous avons analysĂ© le transcriptome (RNA-seq) d’OPCs purifiĂ©s Ă  partir de cerveaux de souris P7 comparĂ© Ă  des contrĂŽles. Nous avons trouvĂ© que Chd7 activait l’expression des gĂšnes impliquĂ© dans la diffĂ©renciation des OPCs et la myĂ©linisation et inhibait l’apoptose, sans montrĂ© de dĂ©faut de prolifĂ©ration. Pour aller plus loin, nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© Chd8, un paralogue de Chd7, et nous avons montrĂ© qu’il est exprimĂ© dans le lignage oligodendrocytaire avec un pic d’expression dans les OL en diffĂ©renciation, similairement Ă  Chd7. Les donnĂ©es de fixation (ChIP-seq) de Chd7 et Chd8 indiquent que ces deux facteurs du remodelage de la chromatine se fixent sur des gĂšnes communs reliĂ©s au processus de diffĂ©renciation, de survie et de prolifĂ©ration des OPCs. IntĂ©grant ces donnĂ©es avec celles de facteurs transcriptionnels clĂ©s dans l’oligodendrogenĂšse (Olig2, Ascl1 et Sox10), nous avons construit un modĂšle de la rĂ©gulation de l’expression de gĂšnes contrĂŽlĂ©s dans le temps et impliquĂ© dans chacune des Ă©tapes de la diffĂ©renciation des oligodendrocytes

    Chromatin remodelers in oligodendroglia

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    International audienceOligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells in the vertebrate central nervous system, produce myelin sheaths to enable saltatory propagation of action potentials. The process of oligodendrocyte myelination entails a stepwise progression from precursor specification to differentiation, which is coordinated by a series of transcriptional and chromatin remodeling events. ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes, which utilize ATP as an energy source to control chromatin dynamics and regulate the accessibility of chromatin to transcriptional regulators, are critical for oligodendrocyte lineage development and regeneration. In this review, we focus on the latest insights into the spatial and temporal specificity of chromatin remodelers during oligodendrocyte development, myelinogenesis, and regeneration. We will also bring together various plausible mechanisms by which lineage specific transcriptional regulators coordinate with chromatin remodeling factors for programming genomic landscapes to specifically modulate these different processes during developmental myelination and remyelination upon injury

    A creeping holiday souvenir: about a misleading case of hookworm folliculitis†.

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    A 27-year-old Caucasian woman presented to the outpatient dermatology department of the Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc in Brussels, Belgium, with a pruritic rash that had started a week previously while she was travelling in Thailand. She was otherwise healthy. The lesions, initially located in the sub-mammary folds and in the lumbar region, had then spread to her torso (Figure 1) despite treatment with IV dexamethasone and antihistamines. On initial examination, the eruption presented as numerous fixed erythematous follicular papules and excoriations. [...

    Relations of Psychosocial Factors and Cortisol with Periodontal and Bacterial Parameters: A Prospective Clinical Study in 30 Patients with Periodontitis Before and After Non-Surgical Treatment

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    (1) Background: The progression of periodontitis, induced by polymicrobial dysbiosis, can be modified by systemic or environmental factors such as stress or anxiety affecting host response. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential associations between psychosocial factors scores or salivary cortisol levels with clinical periodontal parameters and bacterial environment in patients with periodontitis; (2) Methods: Subgingival microbiota was collected in two pathological and one healthy sites from thirty diseased patients (before/after scaling and root planing (SRP)) and from one healthy site from thirty control patients. Usual clinical periodontal parameters were recorded, and a saliva sample was harvested. Patients completed stress and anxiety self-assessment questionnaires. Cortisol concentrations were determined by ELISA and bacteria were identified by PCR; (3) Results: No correlation between salivary cortisol and the stress-anxiety self-declared was found (p > 0.05), but high concentrations of this molecule were associated positively and linearly with periodontal pocket depth (p = 0.04). It appeared that certain psychosocial stressors are associated with a modulation of the bacterial colonization of pockets of diseased group (before/after SRP), notably concerning Tannerella forsythia (p = 0.02), Porphyromonas gingivalis (p = 0.03), Fusobacterium nucleatum (p = 0.049) and Campylobacter rectus (p = 0.01). (4) Conclusion: This study reveals associations between bacteria colonization and psychosocial parameters in periodontitis that needs to be further investigated

    Les perturbateurs endocriniens

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    Nous rapportons le contenu de la rĂ©union PEAU’se dermatologique du 22 octobre 2018, organisĂ©e par le service de dermatologie des Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc et consacrĂ©e aux perturbateurs endocriniens. Le docteur AS. Parent nous illustre tout d’abord les multiples interactions mises en Ă©vidence entre les perturbateurs endocriniens et le dĂ©veloppement de l’enfant. Le Docteur Ch. Lafforgue nous parle, quant Ă  elle, de la sĂ©curitĂ© des produits cosmĂ©tiques vis Ă  vis des perturbateurs endocriniens qu’ils contiennent et de leur absorption.[Endocrine disruptors] We herein report on the “PEAU’se dermatologique” meeting focused on endocrine disruptors, which was held on October 22, 2018 and organised by the Department of dermatology of the Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc. Doctor AS. Parent first described the interactions taking place between endocrine disruptors and child development. Next, Doctor CH. Laforge presented the legislation on endocrine disruptors and talked about absorption mechanisms. Finally, the experts provided us with advice on how to limit exposure to and, thus, avoid the undesirable effects of these products

    Parfums sous forme de microémulsions aqueuses

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    La prĂ©sente invention se rapporte Ă  une microĂ©mulsion de type huile-dans-eau comprenant, en pourcentage massique: ‱ 70% Ă  94% d'eau ‱ 1% Ă  15% d'au moins une substance hydrophobeparfumante, ‱ 4% Ă  20% d'au moins un solvo-surfactif, de prĂ©fĂ©rence volatil, qui est un dĂ©rivĂ© de glycĂ©rol monoalkylĂ© de formule (I) suivante: ‱ 0,l% Ă  15%, d'au moins un tensioactif anionique et d'au moins un alkylglucoside en tant qu'agent hydrotrope. La microĂ©mulsion est ainsi utile pour la prĂ©paration d'une composition de parfumerie fine, ou d'une composition cosmĂ©tique ou d'hygiĂšne corporelle

    Survivability of discarded Norway lobster in the bottom trawl fishery of the Bay of Biscay

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    In the context of the landing obligation set by the new Common Fisheries Policy (CFP), Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus was identified as a species likely to have high survival rate when discarded in the bottom trawl fishery of the Bay of Biscay. Previous studies in this area reported a survival rate between 30% and 51%, but the experiments were done on a limited monitoring period and the seasonal variations were not investigated. This study was designed to obtain a reliable value for survival rate after a 14-day monitoring period in onshore tanks allowing considering delayed mortality. The study also tested the effect on the survival rate of using a discarding chute system, a sorting device that was made mandatory on the 1st of January 2017 for Nephrops trawlers in the Bay of Biscay. This device, which enables fishermen to discard undersized Nephrops back to the sea while sorting, led to an increased average survival rate (51.2%) compared with the standard sorting practice (36.9%). The impact of biological, environmental and fishing operation related variables on survival from the first day of captivity to the end of the monitoring period was examined using a generalized linear model. The results of the GLM indicate that injuries, season and duration of the air exposure, significantly influence the survival from the 1st day of captivity to the end of the monitoring period. The survival rate was higher for non-injured Nephrops as well as for Nephrops that have undergone short air exposure, in summer and autumn

    A case report of cutaneous leishmaniasis: a misleading clinical presentation.

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    BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is often difficult because of the diversity of clinical presentations, its often-misleading appearance and the very long incubation period (time between the endemic stay and the onset of skin lesions). CASE: We report the case of an otherwise healthy 67-year-old man who presented with inflammatory skin lesions on the scalp and face for the past 7 years. The lesions were first mistaken as cutaneous sarcoidosis, mycobacterial infection, and cutaneous lymphoma. Finally, the diagnosis was made by RT-PCR analysis on a punch-biopsy specimen, which was positive for Leishmania infantum. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: To date, the choice of treatment for complex cutaneous leishmaniases is based on the Leishmania species. Our patient successfully responded to liposomal amphotericin B
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