Signatures of the Martian rotation parameters in the Doppler and range observables

The position of a Martian lander is affected by different aspects of Mars' rotational motions: the nutations, the precession, the length-of-day variations and the polar motion. These various motions have a different signature in a Doppler observable between the Earth and a lander on Mars' surface. Knowing the correlations between these signatures and the moments when these signatures are not null during one day or on a longer timescale is important to identify strategies that maximize the geophysical return of observations with a geodesy experiment, in particular for the ones on-board the future NASA InSight or ESA-Roscosmos ExoMars2020 missions. We provide first-order formulations of the signature of the rotation parameters in the Doppler and range observables. These expressions are functions of the diurnal rotation of Mars, the lander position, the planet radius and the rotation parameter. Additionally, the nutation signature in the Doppler observable is proportional to the Earth declination with respect to Mars. For a lander on Mars close to the equator, the motions with the largest signature in the Doppler observable are due to the length-of-day variations, the precession rate and the rigid nutations. The polar motion and the liquid core signatures have a much smaller amplitude. For a lander closer to the pole, the polar motion signature is enhanced while the other signatures decrease. We also numerically evaluate the amplitudes of the rotation parameters signature in the Doppler observable for landers on other planets or moons.Comment: 30 pages 7 figures, In press PS

Rheological behaviour and spectroscopic investigations of cerium-modified AlO(OH)colloidal suspensions

The rheological behaviour of aqueous suspensions of boehmite (AlO(OH)) modified with different Ce-salts (Ce(NO3)3, CeCl3, Ce(CH3COO)3 and Ce2(SO4)3) was investigated at a fixed Ce/Al molar ratio (0.05). Freshly prepared boehmite suspensions were near-Newtonian and time-independent. A shear-sensitive thixotropic network developed when Ce-salts with monovalent anions were introduced in the nanoparticle sols. The extent of particle aggregation dramatically increased with ageing for Ce(NO3)3 and CeCl3 whereas an equilibrium value was reached with Ce(CH3COO)3. The addition of Ce2(SO4)3 with divalent anions involved no thixotropy but rather a sudden phase separation. The combined data set of IRTF and DRIFT spectra indicated that free View the MathML source anions of peptized boehmite adsorb on the nanoparticle surface by H-bond. The introduction of Ce-salts in the boehmite sol led to the coordination between Ce3+ ions and View the MathML source anions adsorbed on boehmite i.e. to [Ce(NO3)4(H2O)x]− complex. Such coordination led to a thixotropic behaviour which was lower with Ce(NO3)3 compared to CeCl3 and Ce(CH3COO)3. In contrast, Ce2(SO4)3 formed insoluble complexes with dissolved aluminium species. The formation of H-bonded surface nitrate complexes was found to play a decisive role on the particle–particle interactions and consequently on the rheological behaviour of the sols

Multiplicity for critical and overcritical equations

On a Riemannian compact manifold, we give existence and multiplicity results for solutions of elliptic PDE by introducing isometry invariances. When the groups we used have finite orbits, we get multiplicity results for equations with the classical critical Sobolev exponent, for instance the Yamabe equation. When there is no finite orbits, the multiplicity is obtained for equations with overcritical exponents

Framing the Islamic State: A Comparison of Al Jazeera English and USA Today

A current insecurity embattling the international community is the Islamic State (also known as ISIS), a terrorist organization contending to establish a caliphate in the Middle East. However, splinter factions of the Islamic State have broadened the group\u27s violence directive toward Western states, prompting Western powers to engage in strategies to counter the terrorist organization. Subsequent to the expansive nature of the Islamic States’ attacks, this study undertakes a comparative media framing analysis to interpret the media coverage of the Islamic State through the lenses of contrasting prominent Western and regional Middle Eastern media publications: USA Today and Al Jazeera English. Evaluating journalistic articles published in reference to the Islamic State from September 30, 2015 to November 1, 2015[i], the study will evaluate the ways in which the respective media publications headlines and news articles represent the terrorist organization. This study hypothesizes that the rhetorical framework of these media publications will indicate a demarcation to portrayals of the Islamic State: Al Jazeera English adopts a thematic frame approach, while USA Today adopts an episodic frame. These frames demonstrate how various media outlets are countering terrorism through print. [i] This data range was chosen due to devastatingly subsequent attacks orchestrated by the Islamic State: the destruction of the World Heritage site, Palmyra, the Ankara peace bombings, as well as the increased involvement of foreign actors in Syria

Semi-parametric estimation of the hazard function in a model with covariate measurement error

We consider a model where the failure hazard function, conditional on a covariate $Z$ is given by $R(t,\theta^0|Z)=\eta\_{\gamma^0}(t)f\_{\beta^0}(Z)$, with $\theta^0=(\beta^0,\gamma^0)^\top\in \mathbb{R}^{m+p}$. The baseline hazard function $\eta\_{\gamma^0}$ and relative risk $f\_{\beta^0}$ belong both to parametric families. The covariate $Z$ is measured through the error model $U=Z+\epsilon$ where $\epsilon$ is independent from $Z$, with known density $f\_\epsilon$. We observe a $n$-sample $(X\_i, D\_i, U\_i)$, $i=1,...,n$, where $X\_i$ is the minimum between the failure time and the censoring time, and $D\_i$ is the censoring indicator. We aim at estimating $\theta^0$ in presence of the unknown density $g$. Our estimation procedure based on least squares criterion provide two estimators. The first one minimizes an estimation of the least squares criterion where $g$ is estimated by density deconvolution. Its rate depends on the smoothnesses of $f\_\epsilon$ and $f\_\beta(z)$ as a function of $z$,. We derive sufficient conditions that ensure the $\sqrt{n}$-consistency. The second estimator is constructed under conditions ensuring that the least squares criterion can be directly estimated with the parametric rate. These estimators, deeply studied through examples are in particular $\sqrt{n}$-consistent and asymptotically Gaussian in the Cox model and in the excess risk model, whatever is $f\_\epsilon$

Weak topologies for Linear Logic

We construct a denotational model of linear logic, whose objects are all the locally convex and separated topological vector spaces endowed with their weak topology. The negation is interpreted as the dual, linear proofs are interpreted as continuous linear functions, and non-linear proofs as sequences of monomials. We do not complete our constructions by a double-orthogonality operation. This yields an interpretation of the polarity of the connectives in terms of topology