Una cala léxica en las relaciones de Indias (AGI: Charcas y el Río de la Plata. Siglo XVI)

We try to show linguistic diversity in the levelling process of the Spanish language in the New World through accounts, briefs, andepistolary information by means of which subject officials gave reports to the Spanish Monarchy on the particular characteristics ofevery place that was discovered. It is a reduced documentary corpus both because of its chronicle textual typology, having its ownpurpose, and because of the geographical area chosen: Charcas and Río de la Plata, but that, in our opinion, reflects a language state thatshows with data the unequivocal regional and social diversity of the language. Even though this lexical probe scarcely registers noveldatings, the information contained in this small corpus makes it possible to trace back the Americanizing process of Spanish in thisregion, with its adaptation to the new environment and its unavoidable indigenist inheritance.Intentamos mostrar la diversidad lingüística en los procesos de nivelación de la lengua española en el Nuevo Mundo, a través de lasrelaciones, memoriales e informaciones epistolares con los que los súbditos funcionarios daban cuenta de las características propias decada lugar descubierto a la monarquía española. Se trata de un corpus documental reducido tanto por su tipología textual cronística,con una finalidad propia, como del ámbito geográfico seleccionado: Charcas y la zona del Río de la Plata, pero que, a nuestro juicio,refleja un estado de lengua que demuestra con datos la inequívoca diversidad regional y social del idioma. Si bien en esta cala léxicaapenas se registran dataciones novedosas, la información contenida en este pequeño corpus nos permite rastrear el proceso deamericanización del español en esta región, con su adaptación al nuevo entorno y su inevitable herencia indigenista

Notas sobre el español de Filipinas: documentos coloniales

We present documents referred to the colonial history of the Philippines (S. XVI-XVII), by various authors with diferent sociocultural levels, in order to emphasiee some of the linguistic aspects that characterize the Spanish language of these islands. The link between America and the Asian archipelago has been continuous during the Spanish dominion, for what it is no? strange to findlinguistic similarities in their drferent speeches. The most evident conclusions allow us to consider that the language in the Philippines follows the changes that are produced in the New World, with a normalization of rules that emigrants use to produce a system that is more inclined to the meridional phonetic tendencies. A general repeated use of the /S/ sound is observed, as well as the graphicindifference of the sibilants, the absence of the f- replaced by h-, with evident signs of its aspiration, the confusion between /v/ and /b/, and neutralization of the liquid consonants and the omission of some implosive consonants like in the -S and -d endings. These linguistic habits settled in America do not hinder the language fromacquiring the injluence of the geografic and cultural factors of the Philippines, specially in the native loan words

A study of the influence of the outer semiconducting layer on the high frequency characteristics of MV power cables

ABSTRACT Advancements in smart grid technology have created a need for reliable forms of data transmission to be able to provide the various intelligent features associated with smart grids. One means of data transmission is Power Line Communication (PLC), which transmits data via the power cable with the cable simultaneously performing its normal function of carrying electric power. This is made possible by using suitable coupling interfaces. Attenuation, phase constant and propagation velocity are important characteristics of High Frequency (HF) signal transmission that need to be considered when understanding a power cable’s data transmission capability. This research report investigates the extent to which the outer semiconducting layer of an Medium Voltage (MV) power cable a↵ects the HF transmission characteristics by quantifying and comparing HF characteristics. Simulations were performed based on an established HF cable model. The simulations indicated that the outer semiconducting layer has an e↵ect, although marginal, on the HF characteristics. The mean di↵erence of attenuation between 1 to 10 MHz is 2.849⇥104 db/m (3.08%). In the same frequency range the mean di↵erence between the phase constant is 3.82% and the propagation velocity is 4.2%. Physical experimentation was carried out using a Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) based measurement system. The resultant measurements further confirmed that the outer semiconducting layer has an influence on the HF transmission characteristics of the power cable. Time domain analysis, showed that the outer semiconducting layer has an e↵ect on the velocity factor of the cable with a di↵erence of 5.15%. Frequency domain analysis showed that the mean attenuation di↵erence for the range of 1 to 7 MHz was 0.0054 dB/m (1.14%), which is relatively small when compared to the ii simulation value. The outer semiconducting layer has a greater influence on the phase constant and propagation velocity with mean di↵erences of 31.11% and 41.18%, which are significantly larger when compared to the values obtained through simulations. It was also determined that the length of the cable has an e↵ect on the attenuation and usable bandwidth of the power cable with a shift of the peak attenuation from 55 to 45 MHz. In comparing the power cable with a communication (RG-58) cable of the same length it was seen that the RG-58 was better suited for HF transmission within its designated bandwidth and further showed the limitations of PLC. Design of communication channels in MV power cables should take cognisance of the power cable HF transmission limitations caused by components such as the outer semiconducting layer

Meeting Organizational Performance with Shared Knowledge Management Processes

The purpose of this chapter is to contribute to knowledge management theory and to provide a practical approach for managing information technology repositories. This study investigates how knowledge is stored and retrieved in a professional setting and contributes to define a comprehensive framework on the use of knowledge, technology, and managerial systems to improve organizational performance. Qualitative research methods are used to collect data from an American company through individual semi-structured interviews, on-site observations, and document analysis. The qualitative software package Atlas.ti® is used to analyze data. Findings highlight the importance of individual knowledge, managerial capabilities, and shared organizational technologies in the management of organizational processes and reveal factors influencing the processes of knowledge retention and retrieval. This study points out the role of shared organizational memory systems and suggests strategies to improve the effectiveness of information technology repositories. Implications for theory and practice, limitations connected to empirical generalization, and suggestions for future research are also discussed