3,544 research outputs found
A new Fermi smearing approach for scattering of multi-GeV electrons by nuclei
The cross section for electron scattering by nuclei at high momentum
transfers is calculated within the Fermi smearing approximation (FSA), where
binding effects on the struck nucleon are introduced via the relativistic
Hartree approximation (RHA). The model naturally preserves current
conservation, since the response tensor for an off-shell nucleon conserves the
same form that for a free one but with an effective mass. Different
parameterizations for the inelastic nucleon structure function, are analyzed.
The smearing at the Fermi surface is introduced through a momentum distribution
obtained from a perturbative nuclear matter calculation. Recent CEBAF data on
inclusive scattering of 4.05 GeV electrons on Fe are well reproduced for
all measured geometries for the first time, as is evident from the comparison
with previous calculations.Comment: 8 pages in Revtex4 style, 6 eps figures, to appear in Physical Review
Galaxy Morphological Segregation in Clusters: Local vs. Global Conditions
We study the relative fraction of galaxy morphological types in clusters, as
a function of the projected local galaxy density and different global
parameters: cluster projected gas density, cluster projected total mass density
, and reduced clustercentric distance. Since local and global densities are
correlated, we have considered different tests to search for the parameters to
which segregation show the strongest dependence. Also, we have explored the
results of our analysis applied to the central regions of the clusters and
their outskirts. We consider a sample of clusters of galaxies with temperature
estimates to derive the projected mass density profile and the 500 density
contrast radius () using the NFW model and the scaling relation
respectively. The X-ray surface brightness profiles are used to obtain the
projected gas density assuming the hydrostatic equilibrium model. Our results
suggest that the morphological segregation in clusters is controlled by the
local galaxy density in the outskirts. On the other hand, the global projected
mass density, shows the strongest correlation with the fraction of
morphological types in the central high density region, with a marginal
dependence on the local galaxy density.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, Accepted AJ (February 2001 issue
Cancellation of vorticity in steady-state non-isentropic flows of complex fluids
In steady-state non-isentropic flows of perfect fluids there is always
thermodynamic generation of vorticity when the difference between the product
of the temperature with the gradient of the entropy and the gradient of total
enthalpy is different from zero. We note that this property does not hold in
general for complex fluids for which the prominent influence of the material
substructure on the gross motion may cancel the thermodynamic vorticity. We
indicate the explicit condition for this cancellation (topological transition
from vortex sheet to shear flow) for general complex fluids described by
coarse-grained order parameters and extended forms of Ginzburg-Landau energies.
As a prominent sample case we treat first Korteweg's fluid, used commonly as a
model of capillary motion or phase transitions characterized by diffused
interfaces. Then we discuss general complex fluids. We show also that, when the
entropy and the total enthalpy are constant throughout the flow, vorticity may
be generated by the inhomogeneous character of the distribution of material
substructures, and indicate the explicit condition for such a generation. We
discuss also some aspects of unsteady motion and show that in two-dimensional
flows of incompressible perfect complex fluids the vorticity is in general not
conserved, due to a mechanism of transfer of energy between different levels.Comment: 12 page
Berry phase in homogeneous K\"ahler manifolds with linear Hamiltonians
We study the total (dynamical plus geometrical (Berry)) phase of cyclic
quantum motion for coherent states over homogeneous K\"ahler manifolds X=G/H,
which can be considered as the phase spaces of classical systems and which are,
in particular cases, coadjoint orbits of some Lie groups G. When the
Hamiltonian is linear in the generators of a Lie group, both phases can be
calculated exactly in terms of {\em classical} objects. In particular, the
geometric phase is given by the symplectic area enclosed by the (purely
classical) motion in the space of coherent states.Comment: LaTeX fil
Functional bosonization with time dependent perturbations
We extend a path-integral approach to bosonization previously developed in
the framework of equilibrium Quantum Field Theories, to the case in which
time-dependent interactions are taken into account. In particular we consider a
non covariant version of the Thirring model in the presence of a dynamic
barrier at zero temperature. By using the Closed Time Path (Schwinger-Keldysh)
formalism, we compute the Green's function and the Total Energy Density of the
system. Since our model contains the Tomonaga Luttinger model as a particular
case, we make contact with recent results on non-equilibrium electronic
systems.Comment: 21 pages, 8 figure
Neutrino-Nucleus Reactions and Muon Capture in 12C
The neutrino-nucleus cross section and the muon capture rate are discussed
within a simple formalism which facilitates the nuclear structure calculations.
The corresponding formulae only depend on four types of nuclear matrix
elements, which are currently used in the nuclear beta decay. We have also
considered the non-locality effects arising from the velocity-dependent terms
in the hadronic current. We show that for both observables in 12C the higher
order relativistic corrections are of the order of ~5 only, and therefore do
not play a significant role. As nuclear model framework we use the projected
QRPA (PQRPA) and show that the number projection plays a crucial role in
removing the degeneracy between the proton-neutron two quasiparticle states at
the level of the mean field. Comparison is done with both the experimental data
and the previous shell model calculations. Possible consequences of the present
study on the determination of the neutrino oscillation
probability are briefly addressed.Comment: 29 pages, 6 figures, Revtex4. Several changes were made to the
previous manuscript, the results and final conclusions remain unalterable. It
has been accepted for publication as a Regular Article in Physical Review
Rapid and sudden advection of warm and dry air in the Mediterranean Basin
Rapid advection of extremely warm and dry air is studied during two events in the Mediterranean Basin. On 27 August 2010 a rapid advection of extremely warm and dry air affected the northeast Iberian Peninsula during a few hours. At the Barcelona city center, the temperature reached 39.3 ° C, which is the maximum temperature value recorded during 230 yr of daily data series. On 23 March 2008 a rapid increase of temperature and drop of relative humidity were recorded for a few hours in Heraklion (Crete). During the morning on that day, the recorded temperature reached 34 °C for several hours on the northern coastline of this island.According to the World Meteorological Organization none of these events can be classified as a heat wave, which requires at least two days of abnormally high temperatures; neither are they a heat burst as defined by the American Meteorological Society, where abnormal temperatures take place during a few minutes. For this reason, we suggest naming this type of event flash heat. By using data from automatic weather stations in the Barcelona and Heraklion area and WRF mesoscale numerical simulations, these events are analyzed. Additionally, the primary risks and possible impacts on several fields are presented
Reply Comment on "Entropy of 2D black holes from counting microstates"
We show that the arguments proposed by Park and Yee against our recent
derivation of the statistical entropy of 2D black holes do not apply to the
case under considerationComment: 3 pages, LaTex file, reply to comment hep-th/991021
A branch-point approximant for the equation of state of hard spheres
Using the first seven known virial coefficients and forcing it to possess two
branch-point singularities, a new equation of state for the hard-sphere fluid
is proposed. This equation of state predicts accurate values of the higher
virial coefficients, a radius of convergence smaller than the close-packing
value, and it is as accurate as the rescaled virial expansion and better than
the Pad\'e [3/3] equations of state. Consequences regarding the convergence
properties of the virial series and the use of similar equations of state for
hard-core fluids in dimensions are also pointed out.Comment: 6 pages, 4 tables, 3 figures; v2: enlarged version, extension to
other dimensionalities; v3: typos in references correcte
Prediction of stable walking for a toy that cannot stand
Previous experiments [M. J. Coleman and A. Ruina, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 3658
(1998)] showed that a gravity-powered toy with no control and which has no
statically stable near-standing configurations can walk stably. We show here
that a simple rigid-body statically-unstable mathematical model based loosely
on the physical toy can predict stable limit-cycle walking motions. These
calculations add to the repertoire of rigid-body mechanism behaviors as well as
further implicating passive-dynamics as a possible contributor to stability of
animal motions.Comment: Note: only corrections so far have been fixing typo's in these
comments. 3 pages, 2 eps figures, uses epsf.tex, revtex.sty, amsfonts.sty,
aps.sty, aps10.sty, prabib.sty; Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. E.
4/9/2001 ; information about Andy Ruina's lab (including Coleman's, Garcia's
and Ruina's other publications and associated video clips) can be found at:
http://www.tam.cornell.edu/~ruina/hplab/index.html and more about Georg
Bock's Simulation Group with whom Katja Mombaur is affiliated can be found at
http://www.iwr.uni-heidelberg.de/~agboc
- …