Respiratory symptoms and active tuberculosis in a prison in Southern Brazil: associated epidemiologic variables

Backgound and Objectives: This study is justified by the high TB prevalence in prisons, which constitutes a public health problem and aims to estimate the prevalence of active tuberculosis (TB) and determine the variables associated with respiratory symptoms in a prison in Brazil. Methods: This is a descriptive study of 262 inmates divided into respiratory symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. Samples were evaluated by microscopy following the cultivation of the sputum from symptomatic individuals. Associated epidemiological variables were also evaluated. Results: Among the 262 inmates included, 178 (68%) were considered symptomatic, and of these, 25 (14%) were diagnosed with active TB. The contribution of culturing in the detection of TB cases was 48%. The prevalence of active TB was 9,542/100.000. Low educational level, use of drugs and alcohol, prison recidivism, and previous TB and HIV-positive status were associated with the presence of respiratory symptoms. Being male, single, black, a prison recidivist, an alcoholic and HIV-seropositive was associated with the development of TB. The rate of TB/HIV co infection was 60%. The outcome was death in 12% of patients. Drug therapy interruption was reported by 96% of patients. Conclusions: The studied population showed a high prevalence of TB and TB/HIV co-infection. In addition, the rates of drug therapy interruption and mortality were alarmingly elevated. KEYWORDS: Epidemiology. Tuberculosis. Coinfections. HIV infection. Prisons

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ

Marking Triatoma brasiliensis, Triatoma pseudomaculata and Rhodnius nasutus Nymphs with Trace Elements: Element Persistence and Effects of Marking on Insect Mortality

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2016-12-15T13:00:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 carolina_barbosa_etal_IOC_2016.pdf: 410045 bytes, checksum: fe943828ac89b81e0756e72ac93f8141 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2016-12-15T13:12:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 carolina_barbosa_etal_IOC_2016.pdf: 410045 bytes, checksum: fe943828ac89b81e0756e72ac93f8141 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-15T13:12:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carolina_barbosa_etal_IOC_2016.pdf: 410045 bytes, checksum: fe943828ac89b81e0756e72ac93f8141 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Ecoepidemiologia da Doença de Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Ecoepidemiologia da Doença de Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Química. Departamento de Química Analítica. Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Analítico. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Química. Departamento de Química Analítica. Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Analítico. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Ecoepidemiologia da Doença de Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Field ecologists often rely on mark-release-recapture (MRR) experiments to estimate population dynamics parameters for a given species. In the case of a medically important taxon, i.e., a disease vector, inferences on species survival and dispersal rates are particularly important as they have the potential to provide insights into disease transmission dynamics in endemic areas. Medical entomologists have traditionally used fluorescent dusts to externally mark the cuticle of insects. However, dust marking is usually restricted to the adult life stage because immature insects lose the mark when they molt

The laboratory as a tool to qualify tuberculosis diagnostic

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the performance of laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis, clinical samples underwent culture, species identification and drug susceptibility testing (DST). METHODS: A total of 554 samples from 269 patients were tested for smear microscopy using Kinyoun stain. Culture was performed in Ogawa-Kudoh medium and species identification was performed using the IS6110 amplified region. DST for rifampicin, isoniazid (INH) and streptomycin were carried out using the Resazurin assay. RESULTS: Cultures augmented the number of cases diagnosed by 22.1%, IS6110 amplification identified all Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains thus isolated and DST detected three strains resistant to INH and one multidrug-resistant strain. CONCLUSION: Simultaneous use of different techniques enhanced culture yield, species identification and detection of drug resistance even in a laboratory with limited facilities.OBJECTIFS : Pour évaluer les performances du diagnostic de laboratoire de la tuberculose, des échantillons cliniques ont été soumis à la culture, à l’identification de l’espèce et aux tests de sensibilité (DST). MÉTHODES : 554 échantillons provenant de 269 patients ont été testés par examen microscopique des frottis après coloration de Kinyoun. Les cultures ont été faites sur milieu d’Ogawa-Kudoh et l’identification des espèces a utilisé la région amplifiée IS6110. Les tests de sensibilité à la rifampicine, l’isoniazide (INH) et la streptomycine ont été menés par la technique de Resazurine. RÉSULTATS : Les cultures ont augmenté le nombre de cas diagnostiqués de 22,1%, alors que l’amplification d’IS6110 a identifié chaque souche isolée de Mycobacterium tuberculosis et que les DST ont détecté trois souches résistantes à INH et une souche multirésistante. CONCLUSION : L’utilisation simultanée de différentes techniques a augmenté le rendement des cultures, l’identification des espèces et la détection de la résistance aux médicaments, même dans un laboratoire ayant des ressources limitées.OBJETIVOS : Con el propósito de evaluar la eficacia del diagnóstico de laboratorio de la tuberculosis, se sometió una serie de muestras clínicas a cultivo, identificación de especie y pruebas de sensibilidad a los medicamentos. MÉTODOS : Se analizaron 554 muestras provenientes de 269 pacientes mediante examen microscópico del esputo con coloración de Kinyoun, cultivos en medio OgawaKudoh e identificación de especies por amplificación de la región IS6110. Las pruebas de sensibilidad a rifampicina, isoniazida (INH) y estreptomicina se realizaron con el ensayo de azul de Alamar (Resazurin). RESULTADOS : Los cultivos aumentaron un 22,1% el número de casos diagnosticados y con la amplificación de la región IS6110 se identificaron todas las cepas de Mycobacterium tuberculosis así aisladas ; mediante las pruebas de sensibilidad se detectaron tres cepas resistentes a INH y una cepa multidrogorresistente. CONCLUSIÓN : La aplicación simultánea de diferentes técnicas aumentó la eficacia de los cultivos, la identificación de especies y las pruebas de farmacorresistencia, aún en un laboratorio con medios limitados

The laboratory as a tool to qualify tuberculosis diagnosis

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the performance of laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis, clinical samples underwent culture, species identification and drug susceptibility testing (DST). METHODS: A total of 554 samples from 269 patients were tested for smear microscopy using Kinyoun stain. Culture was performed in Ogawa-Kudoh medium and species identification was performed using the IS6110 amplified region. DST for rifampicin, isoniazid (INH) and streptomycin were carried out using the Resazurin assay. RESULTS: Cultures augmented the number of cases diagnosed by 22.1%, IS6110 amplification identified all Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains thus isolated and DST detected three strains resistant to INH and one multidrug-resistant strain. CONCLUSION: Simultaneous use of different techniques enhanced culture yield, species identification and detection of drug resistance even in a laboratory with limited facilities.OBJECTIFS : Pour évaluer les performances du diagnostic de laboratoire de la tuberculose, des échantillons cliniques ont été soumis à la culture, à l’identification de l’espèce et aux tests de sensibilité (DST). MÉTHODES : 554 échantillons provenant de 269 patients ont été testés par examen microscopique des frottis après coloration de Kinyoun. Les cultures ont été faites sur milieu d’Ogawa-Kudoh et l’identification des espèces a utilisé la région amplifiée IS6110. Les tests de sensibilité à la rifampicine, l’isoniazide (INH) et la streptomycine ont été menés par la technique de Resazurine. RÉSULTATS : Les cultures ont augmenté le nombre de cas diagnostiqués de 22,1%, alors que l’amplification d’IS6110 a identifié chaque souche isolée de Mycobacterium tuberculosis et que les DST ont détecté trois souches résistantes à INH et une souche multirésistante. CONCLUSION : L’utilisation simultanée de différentes techniques a augmenté le rendement des cultures, l’identification des espèces et la détection de la résistance aux médicaments, même dans un laboratoire ayant des ressources limitées.OBJETIVOS : Con el propósito de evaluar la eficacia del diagnóstico de laboratorio de la tuberculosis, se sometió una serie de muestras clínicas a cultivo, identificación de especie y pruebas de sensibilidad a los medicamentos. MÉTODOS : Se analizaron 554 muestras provenientes de 269 pacientes mediante examen microscópico del esputo con coloración de Kinyoun, cultivos en medio OgawaKudoh e identificación de especies por amplificación de la región IS6110. Las pruebas de sensibilidad a rifampicina, isoniazida (INH) y estreptomicina se realizaron con el ensayo de azul de Alamar (Resazurin). RESULTADOS : Los cultivos aumentaron un 22,1% el número de casos diagnosticados y con la amplificación de la región IS6110 se identificaron todas las cepas de Mycobacterium tuberculosis así aisladas ; mediante las pruebas de sensibilidad se detectaron tres cepas resistentes a INH y una cepa multidrogorresistente. CONCLUSIÓN : La aplicación simultánea de diferentes técnicas aumentó la eficacia de los cultivos, la identificación de especies y las pruebas de farmacorresistencia, aún en un laboratorio con medios limitados