Effect of an α-Tocopherol-Containing Antioxidant Parenteral Emulsion upon Gut Microbiota in Preterm Infants

Preterm babies are born with an immature intestine and are at higher risk for intestinal failure and needing for parenteral nutrition than full-term newborns. These babies show an altered intestinal microbiota, which may results of key importance for later health. However, there is a lack of information on effect of parenteral formulas upon the establishing infant microbiota. Moreover, the microbiota alterations present in preterm newborns have been related with an altered redox-potential which hinders the establishment of strict anaerobes. Thus, interventions aimed at reducing the oxidative stress in these infants, including those under parenteral nutrition, could also affect the intestinal microbiota composition. We assessed the effect upon the gut microbiota of the administration during 30 days of a lipid emulsion, containing ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and α-tocopherol, or a control emulsion containing soybean-bases lipids to parenterally-fed preterm newborns. In spite of its high antioxidant potential, the infants receiving the experimental fat emulsion showed a trend to increase of facultative anaerobes such as enterobacteria and specifically of Klebsiella. This study stresses the need of further work monitoring the impact of early-life parenteral nutrition on the establishment of the intestinal microbiota

Effect of an α-Tocopherol-Containing Antioxidant Parenteral Emulsion upon Gut Microbiota in Preterm Infants

Preterm babies are born with an immature intestine and are at higher risk for intestinal failure and needing for parenteral nutrition than full-term newborns. These babies show an altered intestinal microbiota, which may results of key importance for later health. However, there is a lack of information on effect of parenteral formulas upon the establishing infant microbiota. Moreover, the microbiota alterations present in preterm newborns have been related with an altered redox-potential which hinders the establishment of strict anaerobes. Thus, interventions aimed at reducing the oxidative stress in these infants, including those under parenteral nutrition, could also affect the intestinal microbiota composition. We assessed the effect upon the gut microbiota of the administration during 30 days of a lipid emulsion, containing ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and α-tocopherol, or a control emulsion containing soybean-bases lipids to parenterally-fed preterm newborns. In spite of its high antioxidant potential, the infants receiving the experimental fat emulsion showed a trend to increase of facultative anaerobes such as enterobacteria and specifically of Klebsiella. This study stresses the need of further work monitoring the impact of early-life parenteral nutrition on the establishment of the intestinal microbiota.This work was funded by the Luis Noé Fernández Award from Fundación Alimerka (Spain).Peer Reviewe

Changes in body weight, body composition and cardiovascular risk factors after long-term nutritional intervention in patients with severe mental illness: an observational study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Compared with the general population, individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) have increased prevalence rates of obesity and greater risk for cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a long term nutritional intervention on body weight, body fat and cardiovascular risk factors in a large number of patients with SMI.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Nine hundred and eighty-nine patients with a mean ± S.D age of 40 ± 11.7 yrs participated in a 9 mo nutritional intervention which provided personalised dietetic treatment and lifestyle counselling every two weeks. Patients had an average body mass index (BMI) of 34.3 ± 7.1 kg.m^-2and body weight (BW) of 94.9 ± 21.7 kg. Fasted blood samples were collected for the measurement of glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL- cholesterol. All measurements were undertaken at baseline and at 3 mo, 6 mo and 9 mo of the nutritional intervention.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Four hundred and twenty-three patients of 989 total patients' cases (42.8%) dropped out within the first 3 months. Two hundred eighty-five completed 6 months of the program and 145 completed the entire 9 month nutritional intervention. There were progressive statistically significant reductions in mean weight, fat mass, waist and BMI throughout the duration of monitoring (p < 0.001). The mean final weight loss was 9.7 kg and BMI decreased to 30.7 kg.m^-2(p < 0.001). The mean final fat mass loss was 8.0 kg and the mean final waist circumference reduction was 10.3 cm (p < 0.001) compared to baseline. Significant and continual reductions were observed in fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations throughout the study (p < 0.001).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The nutritional intervention produced significant reductions in body weight, body fat and improved the cardiometabolic profile in patients with SMI. These findings indicate the importance of weight-reducing nutritional intervention in decreasing the cardiovascular risk in patients with SMI.</p

Implementation of a Nutrition-Oriented Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) for Weight Loss during the COVID-19 Epidemic in a Hospital Outpatient Clinic: A 3-Month Controlled Intervention Study

Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs) facilitate evidence-based clinical decision making for health professionals. Few studies have applied such systems enabling distance monitoring in the COVID-19 epidemic, especially in a hospital setting. The purpose of the present work was to assess the clinical efficacy of CDSS-assisted dietary services at a general hospital for patients intending to lose weight during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thirty-nine patients (28 men, 71.8%) comprised the intervention group and 21 patients (four men, 16%) of the control group. After a 3-month CDSS intervention, reductions in both body weight (mean ± standard deviation (SD): 95.5 ± 21.8 vs. 90.6 ± 19.9 kg, p 2, p p p = 0.017) (mean ± SD) and triglycerides (137, 115–152 vs. 130, 108–160 mg/dL, p = 0.005) (medians, IQR). Lean tissue was borderline decreased (25.4, 21.7–29.1 vs. 24.6, 21.8–27.9 kg, p = 0.050). No changes were documented in the control group. In multivariate linear regression models, serum triglycerides were inversely associated with % absolute weight loss (B = −0.018, standard error (SE) = 0.009, p = 0.050) in the CDSS intervention group. In women, a principal component analysis-derived pattern characterized by high BMI/lean tissue was positively related to % absolute weight loss (B = 20.415, SE = 0.717, p = 0.028). In conclusion, a short-term CDSS-facilitated intervention beneficially affected weight loss and other cardiovascular risk factors

Diet and exercise effects on aerobic fitness and body composition in seriously mentally ill adults

Low exercise capacity and high obesity levels are the main characteristics of people with serious mental illness (SMI). We conducted a pilot study on the effects of a 3-month exercise and dietary intervention on the aerobic capacity and body composition of obese adults with SMI taking Olanzapine, a second generation antipsychotic medication known to induce weight increments. Fifty adults with SMI (15 males and 35 females) followed a 3-month weight loss intervention programme based on exercise and diet. Pre- and post-intervention, a submaximal O2 exercise test was performed in order to assess O2max anthropometric and body composition measurements were also performed. All participants were obese (body mass index (BMI): 33.61 ± 0.91 kg/m2). Pre- and post-intervention, a submaximal O2 exercise test on the treadmill was performed in order to assess O2max anthropometric and body composition measurements were also performed. Significant reductions in body weight, BMI, body fat and waist circumference were found from pre to post (p &lt; 0.01). O2max was significantly improved in both genders (males: pre: 30.63 ± 2.06 vs. post: 33.19 ± 1.77 ml.kg-1 min-1, females: pre: 25.93 ± 1.01 vs. post: 29.51 ± 1.06 ml.kg-1 min-1, p &lt; 0.01). A significant correlation was found between the change in O2max and the change in body weight and BMI (p &lt; 0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the relative change in O2max explained approximately 26% of the variance in the changes for both BMI (p = 0.07) and body weight (p = 0.06). A treatment of exercise and diet improves the aerobic capacity and body composition of obese adults with SMI, despite the use of Olanzapine

Thyroid Volume determination by single photon tomography and 3D processing for activity dose estimation

This study demonstrates a method of determination of thyroid gland’s volume by use of SPECT gamma camera data, in order to calculate thyroid’s mass useful in Nuclear medicine therapy. The method consists of the determination of the borders of the gland from a set of transaxial tomographic images by use of a specific for each case threshold value. We have measured the thyroid volume! of 48 hyperthyroid patients by adding transaxial slices We analysed the slices’ data producing interfile format images by Procyon Starlab program and transferring these images in a PC and saved in an uncompressed bitmap format in order to be processed by Interactive Data Language (IDL) tools and Matlab program. Ellipse ROIs are created around each thyroid lobe while rectangular ROIs include both lobes uptake data. Matrices of the maps of the counted voxels of the slices of the organ were created. Their total is multiplied by the elementary voxel size in mm to obtain the organ volume. Data were extracted and Area, Eccentricity, major &amp; minor axis length, Orientation, equivalent Diameter and Integral Intensity of both left &amp; right lobes were calculated. The delineation procedure adopted in this study was validated by 10 cylindrical phantoms 10 to 100 ml which were imaged under conditions similar to those of the patients’ studies and by measuring the actual volume of the gland of 3 patients who subsequently underwent thyroidectomy by submersion. The method is simple and fast with a relative error of up to 3% for length, 11 % for area and 8% for volume determinations

Quantitative image analysis in sonograms of the thyroid gland

High-resolution, real-time ultrasound is a routine examination for assessing the disorders of the thyroid gland. However, the current diagnosis practice is based mainly on qualitative evaluation of the resulting sonograms, therefore depending on the physician’s experience. Computerized texture analysis is widely employed in sonographic images of various organs (liver, breast), and it has been proven to increase the sensitivity of diagnosis by providing a better tissue characterization. The present study attempts to characterize thyroid tissue by automatic texture analysis. The texture features that are calculated are based on co-occurrence matrices as they have been proposed by Haralick. The sample consists of 40 patients. For each patient two sonographic images (one for each lobe) are recorded in DICOM format. The lobe is manually delineated in each sonogram, and the co-occurrence matrices for 52 separation vectors are calculated. The texture features extracted from each one of these matrices are: contrast, correlation, energy and homogeneity. Primary component analysis is used to select the optimal set of features. The statistical analysis resulted in the extraction of 21 optimal descriptors. The optimal descriptors are all co-occurrence parameters as the first-order statistics did not prove to be representative of the images characteristics. The bigger number of components depends mainly on correlation for very close or very far distances. The results indicate that quantitative analysis of thyroid sonograms can provide an objective characterization of thyroid tissue. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Personalized Nutritional Intervention to Improve Mediterranean Diet Adherence in Female Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Study

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated central nervous system disorder that affects females twice as often as males. MS patients show increased susceptibility to obesity and related cardiometabolic disorders, while diet may influence disease course. In the present randomized controlled study, we aimed to increase Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) adherence in MS women and improve their nutritional status. Methods: Adult women with relapsing-remitting MS (n = 40) were randomly allocated to intervention (n = 20) or control group (n = 20). Individual dietary plans based on MedDiet together with nutritional consultation were provided to the intervention group. Controls received general lifestyle advice according to &ldquo;National Dietary Guidelines&rdquo;. Medical history, anthropometry, dietary records, and blood withdrawal were performed at baseline and at 3 months. Results: Compared to controls, the intervention group demonstrated greater MedDiet adherence (p &lt; 0.001), which was negatively associated with cholesterol intake levels (p &lt; 0.05). At 3 months, women following MedDiet had ameliorated body weight and body composition compared to baseline (p &lt; 0.001). Serum 1,25(OH)2D was significantly higher in both study groups at 3 months (p &lt; 0.001), but in the intervention group, the mean increment was twofold compared to controls (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: Personalized nutritional intervention in MS patients may improve MedDiet adherence and nutritional status towards cardioprotective health outcomes