Constructing the Transitions and Co-Existence of Rural Development Models

The rural world in Latin America is becoming more complex and diverse. In recent decades, new non-traditional productive activities have emerged, technological change has increased, local culture and tradition have been revalued and rural tourism has been developed, among other dynam-ics. Scientific and technological change, greater concern for the environment and new consumption patterns are at the root of these changes. It can be said that Latin America has begun a process of transition to new models of rural organization and development. Returning to the conceptual framework of innovation, the hypothesis underlying this work is that emerging initiatives constitute niche activities which, over time, become integrated into the territories, resulting in two types of situations: co-presence of activities and actors, with conflicts and competencies that prevent the construction of synergistic development dynamics, or co-existence, with shared articulations and projects between activities and actors. To account for this hypothesis, three experiences in Argentina are analyzed: one is the emergence of agroecological activities in regions dominated by production systems linked to exports; the second case of analysis is the emergence of tourism in traditional rural areas; the third, the emergence of more innovative and sustainable livestock farming. This research is qualitative and exploratory, based on interviews with key actors in all these activities.Fil: Sili, Marcelo Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Haag, Maria Isabel. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geografía y Turismo; ArgentinaFil: Nieto, María Belén. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geografía y Turismo; Argentin

Correlation modeling between morphology and compression behavior of closed-cell al foams based on x-ray computed tomography observations

In the last decades, great attention has been focused on the characterization of cellular foams, because of their morphological peculiarities that allow for obtaining effective combinations of structural properties. A predictive analytical model for the compressive behavior of closed-cell Al foams, based on the correlation between the morphology of the cellular structure and its mechanical response, was developed. The cells’ morphology of cylindrical specimens was investigated at different steps of compression by X-ray computed tomography, in order to detect the collapse evolution. The structure, typically inhomogeneous at local level, was represented by developing a global virtual model consisting of homogeneous cells ordered in space, that was fitted on the experimentally detected structure at each deformation step. As a result, the main parameters characterizing the two-dimensional cells morphology (equivalent diameter, circularity), processed by the model, allowed to simulate the whole compression stress–strain curve by enveloping those obtained for each step. The model, fitted on the previous foam, was validated by comparing the simulated stress–strain curve and the corresponding experimental one, detected for similar foams obtained by different powder compositions. The effectiveness in terms of an accurate prediction of the compression response up to the final densification regime has been confirmed

Kajian Teknis Pembuatan Peta Dasar Skala 1:5000 Berdasarkan Peraturan Kepala Badan Informasi Geospasial Nomor 15 Tahun 2014 (Studi Kasus : BWP Ngoro, Kabupaten Mojokerto, Jawa Timur)

Kecamatan Ngoro memiliki luas 60,56 km2, tepatnya terletak sekitar 25 km sebelah timur dari pusat pemerintahan Kabupaten Mojokerto. Kecamatan Ngoro beriklim tropis dengan 2 musim, yaitu musim penghujan dan musim kemarau. Bagian Wilayah Perkotaan (BWP) Kecamatan Ngoro merupakan bagian dari kawasan salah satu kawasan industri Kabupaten Mojokerto. BWP Kecamatan Ngoro selama ini tidak memiliki peta dengan skala 1:5000 sedangkan, BWP Kecamatan Ngoro mengalami pemanfaatan atau penggunaan lahan yang terus menerus berkembang. Untuk itu, digunakan Citra Satelit Resolusi Tinggi sebagai acuan dalam melakukan pemetaan. Peta citra yang sudah diinterpretasi kemudian diverifikasi dengan menggunakan data dari Kementerian ATR/BPN untuk penentuan status lahan. Citra satelit Pleiades 1-A dapat digunakan untuk pembuatan peta skala 1:5000 dengan ketelitian horizontal yang dibutuhkan sebesar 0,5-2,5 meter. Untuk itu diperlukan ketelitian dalam membuat peta dasar 1:5000 BWP Kecamatan Ngoro, sehingga bisa dijadikan acuan untuk pekerjaan selanjutnya. Pemetaan merupakan proses pengukuran, perhitungan, dan penggambaran permukaan bumi menggunakan cara atau metode dengan standar tertentu yang telah disepakati pada bidang datar. Hasil dari pemetaan ini adalah Peta Dasar yang ketelitiannya berdasarkan Peraturan Kepala BIG Nomor 15 Tahun 2014. Kata Kunci : BWP, Peta Dasar, Pleiades, Toponim

Kemampuan representasi matematis siswa SMAN 1 Lewolema dalam menyelesaikan persamaan dan pertidaksamaan linear

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan kemampuan representasi matematis siswa SMAN 1 Lewolema dalam menyelesaikan masalah persamaan dan pertidaksamaan linear menggunakan pendekatan matematika realistik. Kemampuan representasi siswa adalah kemampuan mengungkapkan atau merepresentasikan gagasan/ ide matematis sebagai alat bantu untuk menemukan solusi dari masalah matematika. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian meliputi proses pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Pendekatan Matematika Realistik (PMR).  Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas X MIA SMAN 1 Lewolema. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil  tes  dan wawancara  dianalisis  mengacu  pada  indikator PMR yaitu melihat kemampuan representasi siswa dalam membuat pemisalan, membuat pemodelan, menggambar grafik, dan menentukan himpunan penyelesaiannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar siswa kelas X MIA SMAN 1 Lewolema sudah mampu memahami kemampuan representasi matematis dari soal persamaan dan pertidaksamaan linear. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan analisis soal pada persamaan linear yang diberikan dimana beberapa siswa sudah mampu dalam menyelesaikannya dan sudah memenuhi semua indikator yang diteliti. Namun ada beberapa siswa yang belum mampu dalam memahami kemampuan representasi matematis. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan belum terpenuhinya beberapa indikator yaitu yang membuat pemisalan pada kelompok 1. Sedangkan pada soal pertidaksamaan linear siswa sudah mampu memenuhi semua indikator yang diberikan yaitu membuat pemisalan, membuat pemodelan, menggambar grafik, dan menentukan himpunan penyelesaiannya

Hubungan penerapan breastfeeding father dengan sikap ibu dalam pemberian asi: The relationship between the application of breastfeeding father and mother's attitude in breastfeeding

  ABSTRAK   Manfaat pemberian ASI yang sangat besar ternyata belum mampu meningkatkan   angka   cakupan   ASI.   Hal   tersebut   terlihat   pada   tingkat pemberian ASI ditanah air yang masih cukup rendah. Keberhasilan ibu dalam pemberian  ASI  kepada  bayinya  dipengaruhi  oleh  berbagai  faktor,  salah satunya adalah breastfeeding father. Breastfeeding father adalah dukungan penuh yang diberikan seorang suami kepada istrinya dalam proses menyusui. Adanya dukungan yang diberikan oleh suami selama ibu memberikan ASI kepada bayinya akan memberikan dampak pada sikap ibu dalam pemberian ASI. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara penerapan breastfeeding father dengan sikap ibu dalam pemberian ASI pada ibu menyusui  di  Puskesmas  Bara-baraya.  Penelitian  ini  merupakan  penelitian non-eksperimen, dengan metode observasional analitik menggunakan desain cross sectional.  Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Ibu-ibu yang memberikan ASI di Puskesmas Bara-baraya. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode non-probability sampling dengan teknik consecutive sampling  dengan  jumlah  sampel  sebanyak  48  orang.  Untuk pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen berupa kuesioner.  Analisis data menggunakan uji statistic chi-square dimana diperoleh hasil p = 0,027 dengan tingkat kemaknaan α = 0,05, berarti p < α   artinya ada hubungan. yang signifikan antara hubungan penerapan  breastfeeding father  dengan  sikap ibu  dalam pemberian ASI. Dukungan suami berperan dalam proses kelancaran ibu memberikan ASI pada bayinya.   Kata Kunci : Menyusui, Penerapan Dukungan Suami, Sikap Ibu Referensi : 2017 – 2021Manfaat pemberian ASI yang sangat besar ternyata belum mampu meningkatkan angka cakupan ASI. Hal tersebut terlihat pada tingkat pemberian ASI ditanah air yang masih cukup rendah. Keberhasilan ibu dalam pemberian ASI kepada bayinya dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, salah satunya adalah breastfeeding father. Breastfeeding father adalah dukungan penuh yang diberikan seorang suami kepada istrinya dalam proses menyusui. Adanya dukungan yang diberikan oleh suami selama ibu memberikan ASI kepada bayinya akan memberikan dampak pada sikap ibu dalam pemberian ASI. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara penerapan breastfeeding father dengan sikap ibu dalam pemberian ASI pada ibu menyusui di Puskesmas Bara-baraya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian non-eksperimen, dengan metode observasional analitik menggunakan desain cross sectional. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Ibu-ibu yang memberikan ASI di Puskesmas Bara-baraya. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode non-probability sampling dengan teknik consecutive sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 48 orang. Untuk pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen berupa kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistic chi-square dimana diperoleh hasil p = 0,027 dengan tingkat kemaknaan α = 0,05, berarti p < α artinya ada hubungan. yang signifikan antara hubungan penerapan breastfeeding father dengan sikap ibu dalam pemberian ASI. Dukungan suami berperan dalam proses kelancaran ibu memberikan ASI pada bayinya.   The enormous benefits of breastfeeding have not been able to increase the number of breastfeeding coverage. This can be seen in the level of breastfeeding in the country which is still quite low. The success of mothers in breastfeeding their babies is influenced by various factors, one of which is the breastfeeding father. Breastfeeding father is the full support given by a husband to his wife in the breastfeeding process. The support provided by the husband as long as the mother breastfeeds her baby will have an impact on the mother's attitude in breastfeeding. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the application of breastfeeding fathers with the mother's attitude in breastfeeding to breastfeeding mothers at the Bara Baraya Health Center. This research is a non-experimental research, with analytical observational method using a cross sectional design. The population used in this study were mothers who gave breast milk at the Bara-baraya Health Center. Sampling using non-probability sampling with consecutive sampling technique with a total sample of 48 people. For data collection using an instrument in the form of a questionnaire.statistical test chi-square where the results obtained were p = 0.027 with a significance level of = 0.05, meaning that p < means that there is a relationship. There is a significant relationship between the application of breastfeeding father and mother's attitude in breastfeeding. Husband's support plays a role in the smooth process of mothers giving breast milk to their babies

CAMINHO CONCEITUAL DA PROMOÇÃO DA SAÚDE: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA

Objetivo: relatar a experiência de uma vivência com mestrandos e doutorandos de Enfermagem para gerar reflexões sobre conceitos em torno da promoção da saúde. Método: relato de experiência com revisão da literatura sobre os conceitos: promoção da saúde, autodeterminação, enfrentamento, resiliência, autocuidado e dominação. Gerou-se um questionamento para cada conceito e elaborou-se um desenho denominado “O caminho do autoconhecimento para a promoção da saúde”. Resultados: a experiência pessoal foi um ponto de partida determinante para o envolvimento de todos e para o aprofundamento do debate. Houve participação maior que a esperada dos pós-graduandos e foi possível gerar reflexões em torno de seis conceitos fundamentais da promoção da saúde. Conclusão: a vivência com mestrandos e doutorandos de Enfermagem e suas reflexões oportunizou humanizar a discussão acadêmica em torno de temas densos da promoção da saúde.Descritores: Pomoção da Saúde. Enfermagem. Educaçã

¿Construyendo territorio? El rol de las agronomías y acopios en Balcarce

En la Argentina, la expansión de la producción agropecuaria vino acompañada del incremento y consolidación del mercado de agroinsumos (semillas, agroquímicos y fertilizantes). En general, los estudios vinculados con las transformaciones del agro (siembre directa, expansión de la frontera agrícola, pool de siembra) no focalizan en las proveedoras de bienes y servicios como las agronomías y acopios. A partir de las prácticas sociales y espaciales de los responsables de las agronomías y los acopios en una ciudad agropecuaria (Balcarce, sudeste bonaerense), nos proponemos reflexionar sobre el rol que cumplen estos actores en la construcción social del territorio. Partiendo de una base de datos ad hoc, se implementaron entrevistas semi-estructuras a los actores clave de este entramado, entre junio de 2018 y junio de 2019. Los orígenes de las empresas y sus representantes, así como las articulaciones con clientes, proveedores e instituciones locales, nos permiten comprender cómo estas empresas construyen/de-construyen territorio. Si bien las empresas de bienes y servicios para el agro siempre reflejaron conductas globales por ofrecer insumos importados, en los últimos años la presión de la lógica capitalista global reconfigura el paisaje comercial y de interacción con los actores locales.Fil: Bruno, Mariana Paola. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Viteri, Maria Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Agencia de Extensión Rural Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Sili, Marcelo Enrique. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geografía y Turismo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaXI Jornadas Interdisciplinarias de Estudios Agrarios y Agroindustriales 2019Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresArgentinaUniversidad de Buenos Aires. Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios Agrario

GPR35 Activation Reduces Ca2+ Transients and Contributes to the Kynurenic Acid-Dependent Reduction of Synaptic Activity at CA3-CA1 Synapses

Limited information is available on the brain expression and role of GPR35, a Gi/o coupled receptor activated by kynurenic acid (KYNA). In mouse cultured astrocytes, we detected GPR35 transcript using RT-PCR and we found that KYNA (0.1 to 100 µM) decreased forskolin (FRSK)-induced cAMP production (p<0.05). Both CID2745687 (3 µM, CID), a recently described GPR35 antagonist, and GPR35 gene silencing significantly prevented the action of KYNA on FRSK-induced cAMP production. In these cultures, we then evaluated whether GPR35 activation was able to modulate intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i ) and [Ca(2+)]i fluxes. We found that both KYNA and zaprinast, a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor and GPR35 agonist, did not modify either basal or peaks of [Ca(2+)]i induced by challenging the cells with ATP (30 µM). However, the [Ca(2+)]i plateau phase following peak was significantly attenuated by these compounds in a store-operated Ca(2+) channel (SOC)-independent manner. The activation of GPR35 by KYNA and zaprinast was also studied at the CA3-CA1 synapse in the rat hippocampus. Evoked excitatory post synaptic currents (eEPSCs) were recorded from CA1 pyramidal neurons in acute brain slices. The action of KYNA on GPR35 was pharmacologically isolated by using NMDA and α7 nicotinic receptor blockers and resulted in a significant reduction of eEPSC amplitude. This effect was prevented in the presence of CID. Moreover, zaprinast reduced eEPSC amplitude in a PDE5- and cGMP-independent mechanism, thus suggesting that glutamatergic transmission in this area is modulated by GPR35. In conclusion, GPR35 is expressed in cultured astrocytes and its activation modulates cAMP production and [Ca(2+)]i. GPR35 activation may contribute to KYNA effects on the previously reported decrease of brain extracellular glutamate levels and reduction of excitatory transmission

Are interferon-gamma release assays reliable to detect tuberculosis infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with Janus kinase inhibitors

Screening for latent tuberculosis infection is recommended in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) starting Janus kinase inhibitors (Jaki). Interferon (IFN)-gamma release assays (IGRAs) are increasingly used for this purpose. Jaki tend to decrease the levels of IFNs, questioning the reliability of IGRAs during treatment with these drugs. Objectives: To compare the performance of QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-P) and QFT Gold In-tube (QFT-GIT) in RA patients treated with Jaki. Methods: RA patients underwent QFT-P and QFT-GIT at baseline (T0), and after 3 (T3) and 12 months (T12) of treatment with Jaki. The agreement between the two tests was calculated. The agreement between IGRAs and tuberculin skin test (TST) or chest radiography at baseline was also determined. The variability of QTF-P results was longitudinally assessed. Results: Twenty-nine RA patients (F/M 23/6; median age/IQR 63/15.5 years; median disease duration/IQR 174/216 months) were enrolled. A perfect agreement was found between QFT-P and QFT-GIT at all times (κ = 1). At T0, no agreement was recorded between IGRAs and TST (κ = -0.08) and between TST and chest radiography (κ = -0.07), a low agreement was found between QFT-P and chest radiography (κ = 0.17). A variation of 33.3% in the results of QFT-P was recorded at T3 vs T0, of 29.4% at T12 vs T0, and of 11.8% at T12 vs T3. The median levels of IFN-γ produced by lymphocytes in response to the mitogen of QFT-P decreased after 3 months followed by an increase after 12 months (not significant). No change in the median number of circulating lymphocytes was documented. Glucocorticoids intake was associated with a higher probability of negative or indeterminate IGRA results at T0 (p&lt;0.0001). Conclusion: A response to IGRAs is detectable during treatment with Jaki. However, fluctuations in the results of IGRAs have been observed in the absence of correlation with clinical outcomes, thus challenging their interpretation